Skip to content

GitLab

Commit 351b6253 authored by Evan Hunt's avatar Evan Hunt
Browse files
Options

2609. [func] Simplify the configuration of dynamic zones: 

			- add ddns-confgen command to generate
			  configuration text for named.conf
			- add zone option "ddns-autoconf yes;", which
			  causes named to generate a TSIG session key
			  and allow updates to the zone using that key
			- add '-l' (localhost) option to nsupdate, which
			  causes nsupdate to connect to a locally-running
			  named process using the session key generated
			  by named
			[RT #19284]
parent afbe695d
Expand all Hide whitespace changes
Inline Side-by-side
Showing with 2354 additions and 1068 deletions
CHANGES
View file @ 351b6253
2609. [func] Simplify the configuration of dynamic zones:
- add ddns-confgen command to generate
configuration text for named.conf
- add zone option "ddns-autoconf yes;", which
causes named to generate a TSIG session key
and allow updates to the zone using that key
- add '-l' (localhost) option to nsupdate, which
causes nsupdate to connect to a locally-running
named process using the session key generated
by named
[RT #19284]
2608. [func] Perform post signing verification checks in
dnssec-signzone. These can be disabled with -P.
......
bin/Makefile.in
View file @ 351b6253
......@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
# OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
# PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
# $Id: Makefile.in,v 1.27 2009/03/02 23:47:43 tbox Exp $
# $Id: Makefile.in,v 1.28 2009/06/10 00:27:21 each Exp $
srcdir = @srcdir@
VPATH = @srcdir@
top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
SUBDIRS = named rndc dig dnssec tests tools nsupdate check
SUBDIRS = named rndc dig dnssec tests tools nsupdate check confgen
TARGETS =
@BIND9_MAKE_RULES@
bin/confgen/Makefile.in 0 → 100644
View file @ 351b6253
# Copyright (C) 2004, 2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
# Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium.
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
# purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
# copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
# REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
# AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
# INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
# LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
# OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
# PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
# $Id: Makefile.in,v 1.2 2009/06/10 00:27:21 each Exp $
srcdir = @srcdir@
VPATH = @srcdir@
top_srcdir = @top_srcdir@
@BIND9_VERSION@
@BIND9_MAKE_INCLUDES@
CINCLUDES = -I${srcdir}/include ${ISC_INCLUDES} ${ISCCC_INCLUDES} \
${ISCCFG_INCLUDES} ${DNS_INCLUDES} ${BIND9_INCLUDES}
CDEFINES =
CWARNINGS =
ISCCFGLIBS = ../../lib/isccfg/libisccfg.@A@
ISCCCLIBS = ../../lib/isccc/libisccc.@A@
ISCLIBS = ../../lib/isc/libisc.@A@
DNSLIBS = ../../lib/dns/libdns.@A@ @DNS_CRYPTO_LIBS@
BIND9LIBS = ../../lib/bind9/libbind9.@A@
ISCCFGDEPLIBS = ../../lib/isccfg/libisccfg.@A@
ISCCCDEPLIBS = ../../lib/isccc/libisccc.@A@
ISCDEPLIBS = ../../lib/isc/libisc.@A@
DNSDEPLIBS = ../../lib/dns/libdns.@A@
BIND9DEPLIBS = ../../lib/bind9/libbind9.@A@
RNDCLIBS = ${ISCCFGLIBS} ${ISCCCLIBS} ${BIND9LIBS} ${DNSLIBS} ${ISCLIBS} @LIBS@
RNDCDEPLIBS = ${ISCCFGDEPLIBS} ${ISCCCDEPLIBS} ${BIND9DEPLIBS} ${DNSDEPLIBS} ${ISCDEPLIBS}
CONFLIBS = ${DNSLIBS} ${ISCLIBS} @LIBS@
CONFDEPLIBS = ${DNSDEPLIBS} ${ISCDEPLIBS}
SRCS= rndc-confgen.c ddns-confgen.c
SUBDIRS = unix
TARGETS = rndc-confgen@EXEEXT@ ddns-confgen@EXEEXT@
MANPAGES = rndc-confgen.8 ddns-confgen.8
HTMLPAGES = rndc-confgen.html ddns-confgen.html
MANOBJS = ${MANPAGES} ${HTMLPAGES}
UOBJS = unix/os.@O@
@BIND9_MAKE_RULES@
rndc-confgen.@O@: rndc-confgen.c
${LIBTOOL_MODE_COMPILE} ${CC} ${ALL_CFLAGS} \
-DRNDC_KEYFILE=\"${sysconfdir}/rndc.key\" \
-c ${srcdir}/rndc-confgen.c
ddns-confgen.@O@: ddns-confgen.c
${LIBTOOL_MODE_COMPILE} ${CC} ${ALL_CFLAGS} \
-DDDNS_KEYFILE=\"${localstatedir}/run/named/ddns.key\" \
-c ${srcdir}/ddns-confgen.c
rndc-confgen@EXEEXT@: rndc-confgen.@O@ util.@O@ keygen.@O@ ${UOBJS} ${CONFDEPLIBS}
${LIBTOOL_MODE_LINK} ${PURIFY} ${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${LDFLAGS} -o $@ rndc-confgen.@O@ util.@O@ keygen.@O@ \
${UOBJS} ${CONFLIBS}
ddns-confgen@EXEEXT@: ddns-confgen.@O@ util.@O@ keygen.@O@ ${UOBJS} ${CONFDEPLIBS}
${LIBTOOL_MODE_LINK} ${PURIFY} ${CC} ${CFLAGS} ${LDFLAGS} -o $@ ddns-confgen.@O@ util.@O@ keygen.@O@ \
${UOBJS} ${CONFLIBS}
doc man:: ${MANOBJS}
docclean manclean maintainer-clean::
rm -f ${MANOBJS}
installdirs:
$(SHELL) ${top_srcdir}/mkinstalldirs ${DESTDIR}${sbindir}
$(SHELL) ${top_srcdir}/mkinstalldirs ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man8
install:: rndc-confgen@EXEEXT@ ddns-confgen@EXEEXT@ installdirs
${LIBTOOL_MODE_INSTALL} ${INSTALL_PROGRAM} rndc-confgen@EXEEXT@ ${DESTDIR}${sbindir}
${LIBTOOL_MODE_INSTALL} ${INSTALL_PROGRAM} ddns-confgen@EXEEXT@ ${DESTDIR}${sbindir}
${INSTALL_DATA} ${srcdir}/rndc-confgen.8 ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man8
${INSTALL_DATA} ${srcdir}/ddns-confgen.8 ${DESTDIR}${mandir}/man8
clean distclean maintainer-clean::
rm -f ${TARGETS}
bin/confgen/ddns-confgen.8 0 → 100644
View file @ 351b6253
.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
.\" Copyright (C) 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium.
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
.\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
.\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
.\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.\" $Id: ddns-confgen.8,v 1.2 2009/06/10 00:27:21 each Exp $
.\"
.hy 0
.ad l
.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source.
.de Sh \" Subsection
.br
.if t .Sp
.ne 5
.PP
\fB\\$1\fR
.PP
..
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Ip \" List item
.br
.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3
.el .ne 3
.IP "\\$1" \\$2
..
.TH "DDNS-CONFGEN" 8 "Jan 29, 2009" "" ""
.SH NAME
ddns-confgen \- ddns key generation tool
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.HP 13
\fBddns\-confgen\fR [\fB\-a\ \fIalgorithm\fR\fR] [\fB\-h\fR] [\fB\-k\ \fIkeyname\fR\fR] [\fB\-r\ \fIrandomfile\fR\fR] [\fB\-s\fR] [\fB\-q\fR] [name]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.PP
\fBddns\-confgen\fR generates a key for use by \fBnsupdate\fR and \fBnamed\fR\&. It simplifies configuration of dynamic zones by generating a key and providing the \fBnsupdate\fR and \fBnamed\&.conf\fR syntax that will be needed to use it, including an example \fBupdate\-policy\fR statement\&.
.PP
If a domain name is specified on the command line, it will be used in the name of the generated key and in the sample \fBnamed\&.conf\fR syntax\&. For example, \fBddns\-confgen example\&.com\fR would generate a key called "ddns\-key\&.example\&.com", and sample \fBnamed\&.conf\fR command that could be used in the zone definition for "example\&.com"\&.
.PP
Note that \fBnamed\fR itself can configure a local DDNS key for use with \fBnsupdate \-l\fR\&. \fBddns\-confgen\fR is only needed when a more elaborate configuration is required: for instance, if \fBnsupdate\fR is to be used from a remote system\&.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.TP
\-a \fIalgorithm\fR
Specifies the algorithm to use for the TSIG key\&. Available choices are: hmac\-md5, hmac\-sha1, hmac\-sha224, hmac\-sha256, hmac\-sha384 and hmac\-sha512\&. The default is hmac\-sha256\&.
.TP
\-h
Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to \fBddns\-confgen\fR\&.
.TP
\-k \fIkeyname\fR
Specifies the key name of the DDNS authentication key\&. The default is \fBddns\-key\fR\&. The key name must have the format of a valid domain name, consisting of letters, digits, hyphens and periods\&.
.TP
\-q
Quiet mode: Print only the key, with no explanatory text or usage examples\&.
.TP
\-r \fIrandomfile\fR
Specifies a source of random data for generating the authorization\&. If the operating system does not provide a \fI/dev/random\fR or equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard input\&. \fIrandomdev\fR specifies the name of a character device or file containing random data to be used instead of the default\&. The special value \fIkeyboard\fR indicates that keyboard input should be used\&.
.TP
\-s
Self mode: The example \fBnamed\&.conf\fR text shows how to set an update policy using the "self" nametype, using a single key per each domain name for updates, instead of the "subdomain" nametype which allows matching on any name within a specified domain\&.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.PP
\fBnsupdate\fR(1), \fBnamed\&.conf\fR(5), \fBnamed\fR(8), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.PP
Internet Systems Consortium
bin/confgen/ddns-confgen.c 0 → 100644
View file @ 351b6253
/*
* Copyright (C) 2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
* purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
* copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
* REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
* AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
* INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
* LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
* OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
* PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/
/* $Id: ddns-confgen.c,v 1.2 2009/06/10 00:27:21 each Exp $ */
/*! \file */
/**
* ddns-confgen generates configuration files for dynamic DNS. It can
* be used as a convenient alternative to writing the ddns.key file
* and the corresponding key and update-policy statements in named.conf.
*/
#include <config.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <isc/assertions.h>
#include <isc/base64.h>
#include <isc/buffer.h>
#include <isc/commandline.h>
#include <isc/entropy.h>
#include <isc/file.h>
#include <isc/keyboard.h>
#include <isc/mem.h>
#include <isc/net.h>
#include <isc/print.h>
#include <isc/result.h>
#include <isc/string.h>
#include <isc/time.h>
#include <isc/util.h>
#include <dns/keyvalues.h>
#include <dns/name.h>
#include <dst/dst.h>
#include <confgen/os.h>
#include "util.h"
#include "keygen.h"
#define DEFAULT_KEYNAME "ddns-key"
static char program[256];
const char *progname;
isc_boolean_t verbose = ISC_FALSE;
static void
usage(int status) {
fprintf(stderr, "\
Usage:\n\
%s [-a alg] [-k keyname] [-r randomfile] [-q] [-z zone]\n\
-a alg: algorithm (default hmac-sha256)\n\
-k keyname: name of the key as it will be used in named.conf\n\
-r randomfile: source of random data (use \"keyboard\" for key timing)\n\
-z zone: name of the zone as it will be used named.conf\n\
-q: quiet mode: print the key, with no explanatory text\n",
progname);
exit (status);
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv) {
isc_boolean_t show_final_mem = ISC_FALSE;
isc_boolean_t quiet = ISC_FALSE;
isc_boolean_t self = ISC_FALSE;
isc_buffer_t key_txtbuffer;
char key_txtsecret[256];
isc_mem_t *mctx = NULL;
isc_result_t result = ISC_R_SUCCESS;
const char *randomfile = NULL;
const char *keyname = NULL;
const char *zone = NULL;
char *keybuf = NULL;
dns_secalg_t alg = DST_ALG_HMACSHA256;
const char *algname = alg_totext(alg);
int keysize = 256;
int len = 0;
int ch;
result = isc_file_progname(*argv, program, sizeof(program));
if (result != ISC_R_SUCCESS)
memcpy(program, "ddns-confgen", 13);
progname = program;
isc_commandline_errprint = ISC_FALSE;
while ((ch = isc_commandline_parse(argc, argv,
"a:hk:Mmr:qsVy:")) != -1) {
switch (ch) {
case 'a':
algname = isc_commandline_argument;
alg = alg_fromtext(algname);
if (alg == DST_ALG_UNKNOWN)
fatal("Unsupported algorithm '%s'", algname);
keysize = alg_bits(alg);
break;
case 'h':
usage(0);
case 'k':
case 'y':
keyname = isc_commandline_argument;
break;
case 'M':
isc_mem_debugging = ISC_MEM_DEBUGTRACE;
break;
case 'm':
show_final_mem = ISC_TRUE;
break;
case 'q':
quiet = ISC_TRUE;
break;
case 'r':
randomfile = isc_commandline_argument;
break;
case 's':
self = ISC_TRUE;
case 'V':
verbose = ISC_TRUE;
break;
case '?':
if (isc_commandline_option != '?') {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid argument -%c\n",
program, isc_commandline_option);
usage(1);
} else
usage(0);
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "%s: unhandled option -%c\n",
program, isc_commandline_option);
exit(1);
}
}
argc -= isc_commandline_index;
argv += isc_commandline_index;
if (argc == 1)
zone = argv[0];
if (argc > 1)
usage(1);
DO("create memory context", isc_mem_create(0, 0, &mctx));
if (self) {
if (zone == NULL)
usage(1);
keyname = zone;
} else {
if (keyname == NULL)
keyname = DEFAULT_KEYNAME;
if (zone != NULL) {
len = strlen(keyname) + strlen(zone) + 2;
keybuf = isc_mem_get(mctx, len);
snprintf(keybuf, len, "%s.%s", keyname, zone);
keyname = (const char *) keybuf;
}
}
isc_buffer_init(&key_txtbuffer, &key_txtsecret, sizeof(key_txtsecret));
generate_key(mctx, randomfile, alg, keysize, &key_txtbuffer);
if (!quiet)
printf("\
# To activate this key, place the following in named.conf, and\n\
# in a separate keyfile on the system or systems from which nsupdate\n\
# will be run:\n");
printf("\
key \"%s\" {\n\
algorithm %s;\n\
secret \"%.*s\";\n\
};\n",
keyname, algname,
(int)isc_buffer_usedlength(&key_txtbuffer),
(char *)isc_buffer_base(&key_txtbuffer));
if (!quiet) {
if (zone == NULL) {
printf("\n\
# Then, in the \"zone\" statement for each zone you wish to dynamically\n\
# update, place an \"update-policy\" statement granting update permission\n\
# to this key. For example, the following statement grants this key\n\
# permission to update any name within the zone:\n\
update-policy {\n\
grant %s zonesub ANY;\n\
};\n",
keyname);
} else if (self) {
printf("\n\
# Finally, in the \"zone\" statement for the zone containing the\n\
# name \"%s\", place an \"update-policy\" statement\n\
# like this one, adjusted as needed for your preferred permissions:\n\
update-policy {\n\
grant %s self . ANY;\n\
};\n",
zone, keyname);
} else {
printf("\n\
# Finally, in the \"zone\" definition statement for \"%s\",\n\
# place an \"update-policy\" statement like this one, adjusted as \n\
# needed for your preferred permissions:\n\
update-policy {\n\
grant %s subdomain %s%s ANY;\n\
};\n",
zone, keyname, zone,
zone[strlen(zone) - 1] == '.' ? "" : ".");
}
printf("\n\
# After the keyfile has been created, the following command will\n\
# execute nsupdate using this key:\n\
nsupdate -k <keyfile>\n");
}
if (zone != NULL && keybuf != NULL)
isc_mem_put(mctx, keybuf, len);
if (show_final_mem)
isc_mem_stats(mctx, stderr);
isc_mem_destroy(&mctx);
return (0);
}
bin/confgen/ddns-confgen.docbook 0 → 100644
View file @ 351b6253
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"
[<!ENTITY mdash "&#8212;">]>
<!--
- Copyright (C) 2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
- purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
-
- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
- REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
- AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
- INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
- LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
- OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
- PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-->
<!-- $Id: ddns-confgen.docbook,v 1.2 2009/06/10 00:27:21 each Exp $ -->
<refentry id="man.ddns-confgen">
<refentryinfo>
<date>Jan 29, 2009</date>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle><application>ddns-confgen</application></refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname><application>ddns-confgen</application></refname>
<refpurpose>ddns key generation tool</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<docinfo>
<copyright>
<year>2004</year>
<year>2005</year>
<year>2007</year>
<year>2009</year>
<holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
</copyright>
<copyright>
<year>2001</year>
<year>2003</year>
<holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
</copyright>
</docinfo>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>ddns-confgen</command>
<arg><option>-a <replaceable class="parameter">algorithm</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-h</option></arg>
<arg><option>-k <replaceable class="parameter">keyname</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomfile</replaceable></option></arg>
<arg><option>-s</option></arg>
<arg><option>-q</option></arg>
<arg choice="opt">name</arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
<para><command>ddns-confgen</command>
generates a key for use by <command>nsupdate</command>
and <command>named</command>. It simplifies configuration
of dynamic zones by generating a key and providing the
<command>nsupdate</command> and <command>named.conf</command>
syntax that will be needed to use it, including an example
<command>update-policy</command> statement.
</para>
<para>
If a domain name is specified on the command line, it will
be used in the name of the generated key and in the sample
<command>named.conf</command> syntax. For example,
<command>ddns-confgen example.com</command> would
generate a key called "ddns-key.example.com", and sample
<command>named.conf</command> command that could be used
in the zone definition for "example.com".
</para>
<para>
Note that <command>named</command> itself can configure a
local DDNS key for use with <command>nsupdate -l</command>.
<command>ddns-confgen</command> is only needed when a
more elaborate configuration is required: for instance, if
<command>nsupdate</command> is to be used from a remote system.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>OPTIONS</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term>-a <replaceable class="parameter">algorithm</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the algorithm to use for the TSIG key. Available
choices are: hmac-md5, hmac-sha1, hmac-sha224, hmac-sha256,
hmac-sha384 and hmac-sha512. The default is hmac-sha256.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-h</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
<command>ddns-confgen</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-k <replaceable class="parameter">keyname</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the key name of the DDNS authentication key.
The default is <constant>ddns-key</constant>.
The key name must have the format of a valid domain name,
consisting of letters, digits, hyphens and periods.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-q</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Quiet mode: Print only the key, with no explanatory text or
usage examples.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>-r <replaceable class="parameter">randomfile</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies a source of random data for generating the
authorization. If the operating system does not provide a
<filename>/dev/random</filename> or equivalent device, the
default source of randomness is keyboard input.
<filename>randomdev</filename> specifies the name of a
character device or file containing random data to be used
instead of the default. The special value