From 60e5e10f8d2e2b0c41e8abad38cacd867caa6ab2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Rob Austein Date: Wed, 11 May 2005 06:05:43 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] regen --- CHANGES | 3 + bin/check/named-checkconf.8 | 79 +- bin/check/named-checkconf.html | 288 +- bin/check/named-checkzone.8 | 130 +- bin/check/named-checkzone.html | 542 +- bin/dig/dig.1 | 374 +- bin/dig/dig.html | 1736 +- bin/dig/host.1 | 187 +- bin/dig/host.html | 637 +- bin/dig/nslookup.1 | 186 +- bin/dig/nslookup.html | 927 +- bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.8 | 232 +- bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.html | 796 +- bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.8 | 260 +- bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html | 856 +- bin/named/lwresd.8 | 164 +- bin/named/lwresd.html | 705 +- bin/named/named.8 | 215 +- bin/named/named.conf.5 | 587 +- bin/named/named.conf.html | 3106 +--- bin/named/named.html | 887 +- bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.8 | 395 +- bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.html | 1395 +- bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.8 | 167 +- bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.html | 735 +- bin/rndc/rndc.8 | 146 +- bin/rndc/rndc.conf.5 | 182 +- bin/rndc/rndc.conf.html | 583 +- bin/rndc/rndc.html | 592 +- config.h.in | 74 +- configure | 497 +- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch01.html | 1686 +- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch02.html | 451 +- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html | 2368 +-- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html | 2382 +-- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html | 407 +- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html | 18778 ++++++++-------------- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch07.html | 712 +- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch08.html | 411 +- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch09.html | 2212 +-- doc/arm/Bv9ARM.html | 1078 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres.3 | 179 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres.html | 608 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_buffer.3 | 345 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_buffer.html | 978 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_config.3 | 131 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_config.html | 415 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_context.3 | 225 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_context.html | 744 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_gabn.3 | 209 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_gabn.html | 676 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_gai_strerror.3 | 86 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_gai_strerror.html | 385 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_getaddrinfo.3 | 255 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_getaddrinfo.html | 944 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_gethostent.3 | 290 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_gethostent.html | 1184 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_getipnode.3 | 188 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_getipnode.html | 742 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_getnameinfo.3 | 97 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_getnameinfo.html | 443 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_getrrsetbyname.3 | 132 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_getrrsetbyname.html | 497 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_gnba.3 | 205 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_gnba.html | 676 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_hstrerror.3 | 83 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_hstrerror.html | 308 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_inetntop.3 | 71 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_inetntop.html | 257 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_noop.3 | 187 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_noop.html | 664 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_packet.3 | 149 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_packet.html | 552 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_resutil.3 | 165 +- lib/lwres/man/lwres_resutil.html | 600 +- 75 files changed, 20028 insertions(+), 41790 deletions(-) diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES index 0a2c022966..8ae92cf530 100644 --- a/CHANGES +++ b/CHANGES @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +1856. [doc] Switch Docbook toolchain from DSSSL to XSL. + [RT #11398] + 1855. [placeholder] rt14616 1854. [bug] lwres also needs to know the print format for diff --git a/bin/check/named-checkconf.8 b/bin/check/named-checkconf.8 index 08f1fcfec9..efa96f87e4 100644 --- a/bin/check/named-checkconf.8 +++ b/bin/check/named-checkconf.8 @@ -1,59 +1,70 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: named-checkconf.8,v 1.20 2005/04/07 03:49:55 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "NAMED-CHECKCONF" "8" "June 14, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "NAMED-CHECKCONF" 8 "June 14, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME named-checkconf \- named configuration file syntax checking tool -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBnamed-checkconf\fR [ \fB-v\fR ] [ \fB-j\fR ] [ \fB-t \fIdirectory\fB\fR ] \fBfilename\fR [ \fB-z\fR ] +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 16 +\fBnamed\-checkconf\fR [\fB\-v\fR] [\fB\-j\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fIdirectory\fR\fR] {filename} [\fB\-z\fR] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBnamed-checkconf\fR checks the syntax, but not -the semantics, of a named configuration file. +\fBnamed\-checkconf\fR checks the syntax, but not the semantics, of a named configuration file\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .TP -\fB-t \fIdirectory\fB\fR -chroot to \fIdirectory\fR so that include -directives in the configuration file are processed as if -run by a similarly chrooted named. +\-t \fIdirectory\fR +chroot to \fIdirectory\fR so that include directives in the configuration file are processed as if run by a similarly chrooted named\&. .TP -\fB-v\fR -Print the version of the \fBnamed-checkconf\fR -program and exit. +\-v +Print the version of the \fBnamed\-checkconf\fR program and exit\&. .TP -\fB-z\fR -Perform a check load the master zonefiles found in -\fInamed.conf\fR. +\-z +Perform a check load the master zonefiles found in \fInamed\&.conf\fR\&. .TP -\fB-j\fR -When loading a zonefile read the journal if it exists. +\-j +When loading a zonefile read the journal if it exists\&. .TP -\fBfilename\fR -The name of the configuration file to be checked. If not -specified, it defaults to \fI/etc/named.conf\fR. +filename +The name of the configuration file to be checked\&. If not specified, it defaults to \fI/etc/named\&.conf\fR\&. .SH "RETURN VALUES" .PP -\fBnamed-checkconf\fR returns an exit status of 1 if -errors were detected and 0 otherwise. +\fBnamed\-checkconf\fR returns an exit status of 1 if errors were detected and 0 otherwise\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBnamed\fR(8), -\fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR. +\fBnamed\fR(8), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP -Internet Systems Consortium +Internet Systems Consortium diff --git a/bin/check/named-checkconf.html b/bin/check/named-checkconf.html index 2a6c2c89c8..126b1cbe6f 100644 --- a/bin/check/named-checkconf.html +++ b/bin/check/named-checkconf.html @@ -1,220 +1,90 @@ - - - - -named-checkconf

named-checkconf

Name

named-checkconf -- named configuration file syntax checking tool

Synopsis

named-checkconf [-v] [-j] [-t directory] {filename} [-z]

DESCRIPTION

named-checkconf checks the syntax, but not - the semantics, of a named configuration file. -

OPTIONS

-t directory

chroot to directory so that include - directives in the configuration file are processed as if - run by a similarly chrooted named. -

-v

Print the version of the named-checkconf - program and exit. -

-z

Perform a check load the master zonefiles found in - named.conf. -

-j

When loading a zonefile read the journal if it exists. -

filename

The name of the configuration file to be checked. If not - specified, it defaults to /etc/named.conf. -

RETURN VALUES

named-checkconf returns an exit status of 1 if - errors were detected and 0 otherwise. -

SEE ALSO

named(8), - BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. -

AUTHOR

Internet Systems Consortium -

+ + + +named-checkconf + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

named-checkconf — named configuration file syntax checking tool

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

named-checkconf [-v] [-j] [-t directory] {filename} [-z]

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

named-checkconf + checks the syntax, but not the semantics, of a named + configuration file. +

+
+
+

OPTIONS

+
+
-t directory
+

+ chroot to directory so that + include + directives in the configuration file are processed as if + run by a similarly chrooted named. +

+
-v
+

+ Print the version of the named-checkconf + program and exit. +

+
-z
+

+ Perform a check load the master zonefiles found in + named.conf. +

+
-j
+

+ When loading a zonefile read the journal if it exists. +

+
filename
+

+ The name of the configuration file to be checked. If not + specified, it defaults to /etc/named.conf. +

+
+
+
+

RETURN VALUES

+

named-checkconf + returns an exit status of 1 if + errors were detected and 0 otherwise. +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

named(8), + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. +

+
+
+

AUTHOR

+

Internet Systems Consortium +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/check/named-checkzone.8 b/bin/check/named-checkzone.8 index dc22cfc9ad..008093ff3e 100644 --- a/bin/check/named-checkzone.8 +++ b/bin/check/named-checkzone.8 @@ -1,101 +1,97 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: named-checkzone.8,v 1.24 2005/03/16 04:57:16 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "NAMED-CHECKZONE" "8" "June 13, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "NAMED-CHECKZONE" 8 "June 13, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME named-checkzone \- zone file validity checking tool -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBnamed-checkzone\fR [ \fB-d\fR ] [ \fB-j\fR ] [ \fB-q\fR ] [ \fB-v\fR ] [ \fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR ] [ \fB-k \fImode\fB\fR ] [ \fB-n \fImode\fB\fR ] [ \fB-o \fIfilename\fB\fR ] [ \fB-t \fIdirectory\fB\fR ] [ \fB-w \fIdirectory\fB\fR ] [ \fB-D\fR ] [ \fB-W \fImode\fB\fR ] \fBzonename\fR \fBfilename\fR +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 16 +\fBnamed\-checkzone\fR [\fB\-d\fR] [\fB\-j\fR] [\fB\-q\fR] [\fB\-v\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fIclass\fR\fR] [\fB\-k\ \fImode\fR\fR] [\fB\-n\ \fImode\fR\fR] [\fB\-o\ \fIfilename\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fIdirectory\fR\fR] [\fB\-w\ \fIdirectory\fR\fR] [\fB\-D\fR] [\fB\-W\ \fImode\fR\fR] {zonename} {filename} .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBnamed-checkzone\fR checks the syntax and integrity of -a zone file. It performs the same checks as \fBnamed\fR -does when loading a zone. This makes -\fBnamed-checkzone\fR useful for checking zone -files before configuring them into a name server. +\fBnamed\-checkzone\fR checks the syntax and integrity of a zone file\&. It performs the same checks as \fBnamed\fR does when loading a zone\&. This makes \fBnamed\-checkzone\fR useful for checking zone files before configuring them into a name server\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .TP -\fB-d\fR -Enable debugging. +\-d +Enable debugging\&. .TP -\fB-q\fR -Quiet mode - exit code only. +\-q +Quiet mode \- exit code only\&. .TP -\fB-v\fR -Print the version of the \fBnamed-checkzone\fR -program and exit. +\-v +Print the version of the \fBnamed\-checkzone\fR program and exit\&. .TP -\fB-j\fR -When loading the zone file read the journal if it exists. +\-j +When loading the zone file read the journal if it exists\&. .TP -\fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR -Specify the class of the zone. If not specified "IN" is assumed. +\-c \fIclass\fR +Specify the class of the zone\&. If not specified "IN" is assumed\&. .TP -\fB-k \fImode\fB\fR -Perform \fB"check-name"\fR checks with the specified failure mode. -Possible modes are \fB"fail"\fR, -\fB"warn"\fR (default) and -\fB"ignore"\fR. +\-k \fImode\fR +Perform \fB"check\-name"\fR checks with the specified failure mode\&. Possible modes are \fB"fail"\fR, \fB"warn"\fR (default) and \fB"ignore"\fR\&. .TP -\fB-n \fImode\fB\fR -Specify whether NS records should be checked to see if they -are addresses. Possible modes are \fB"fail"\fR, -\fB"warn"\fR (default) and -\fB"ignore"\fR. +\-n \fImode\fR +Specify whether NS records should be checked to see if they are addresses\&. Possible modes are \fB"fail"\fR, \fB"warn"\fR (default) and \fB"ignore"\fR\&. .TP -\fB-o \fIfilename\fB\fR -Write zone output to \fIfilename\fR. +\-o \fIfilename\fR +Write zone output to \fIfilename\fR\&. .TP -\fB-t \fIdirectory\fB\fR -chroot to \fIdirectory\fR so that include -directives in the configuration file are processed as if -run by a similarly chrooted named. +\-t \fIdirectory\fR +chroot to \fIdirectory\fR so that include directives in the configuration file are processed as if run by a similarly chrooted named\&. .TP -\fB-w \fIdirectory\fB\fR -chdir to \fIdirectory\fR so that relative -filenames in master file $INCLUDE directives work. This -is similar to the directory clause in -\fInamed.conf\fR. +\-w \fIdirectory\fR +chdir to \fIdirectory\fR so that relative filenames in master file $INCLUDE directives work\&. This is similar to the directory clause in \fInamed\&.conf\fR\&. .TP -\fB-D\fR -Dump zone file in canonical format. +\-D +Dump zone file in canonical format\&. .TP -\fB-W \fImode\fB\fR -Specify whether to check for non-terminal wildcards. -Non-terminal wildcards are almost always the result of a -failure to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034). -Possible modes are \fB"warn"\fR (default) and -\fB"ignore"\fR. +\-W \fImode\fR +Specify whether to check for non\-terminal wildcards\&. Non\-terminal wildcards are almost always the result of a failure to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034)\&. Possible modes are \fB"warn"\fR (default) and \fB"ignore"\fR\&. .TP -\fBzonename\fR -The domain name of the zone being checked. +zonename +The domain name of the zone being checked\&. .TP -\fBfilename\fR -The name of the zone file. +filename +The name of the zone file\&. .SH "RETURN VALUES" .PP -\fBnamed-checkzone\fR returns an exit status of 1 if -errors were detected and 0 otherwise. +\fBnamed\-checkzone\fR returns an exit status of 1 if errors were detected and 0 otherwise\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBnamed\fR(8), -\fIRFC 1035\fR, -\fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR. +\fBnamed\fR(8), RFC 1035, BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP -Internet Systems Consortium +Internet Systems Consortium diff --git a/bin/check/named-checkzone.html b/bin/check/named-checkzone.html index fc50ef3270..dade5b4800 100644 --- a/bin/check/named-checkzone.html +++ b/bin/check/named-checkzone.html @@ -1,421 +1,143 @@ - - - - -named-checkzone

named-checkzone

Name

named-checkzone -- zone file validity checking tool

Synopsis

named-checkzone [-d] [-j] [-q] [-v] [-c class] [-k mode] [-n mode] [-o filename] [-t directory] [-w directory] [-D] [-W mode] {zonename} {filename}

DESCRIPTION

named-checkzone checks the syntax and integrity of - a zone file. It performs the same checks as named - does when loading a zone. This makes - named-checkzone useful for checking zone - files before configuring them into a name server. -

OPTIONS

-d

Enable debugging. -

-q

Quiet mode - exit code only. -

-v

Print the version of the named-checkzone - program and exit. -

-j

When loading the zone file read the journal if it exists. -

-c class

Specify the class of the zone. If not specified "IN" is assumed. -

-k mode

Perform "check-name" checks with the specified failure mode. - Possible modes are "fail", - "warn" (default) and - "ignore". -

-n mode

Specify whether NS records should be checked to see if they - are addresses. Possible modes are "fail", - "warn" (default) and - "ignore". -

-o filename

Write zone output to filename. -

-t directory

chroot to directory so that include - directives in the configuration file are processed as if - run by a similarly chrooted named. -

-w directory

chdir to directory so that relative - filenames in master file $INCLUDE directives work. This - is similar to the directory clause in - named.conf. -

-D

Dump zone file in canonical format. -

-W mode

Specify whether to check for non-terminal wildcards. - Non-terminal wildcards are almost always the result of a - failure to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034). - Possible modes are "warn" (default) and - "ignore". -

zonename

The domain name of the zone being checked. -

filename

The name of the zone file. -

RETURN VALUES

named-checkzone returns an exit status of 1 if - errors were detected and 0 otherwise. -

SEE ALSO

named(8), - RFC 1035, - BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. -

AUTHOR

Internet Systems Consortium -

+ + + +named-checkzone + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

named-checkzone — zone file validity checking tool

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

named-checkzone [-d] [-j] [-q] [-v] [-c class] [-k mode] [-n mode] [-o filename] [-t directory] [-w directory] [-D] [-W mode] {zonename} {filename}

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

named-checkzone + checks the syntax and integrity of a zone file. It performs the + same checks as named does when loading a + zone. This makes named-checkzone useful for + checking zone files before configuring them into a name server. +

+
+
+

OPTIONS

+
+
-d
+

+ Enable debugging. +

+
-q
+

+ Quiet mode - exit code only. +

+
-v
+

+ Print the version of the named-checkzone + program and exit. +

+
-j
+

+ When loading the zone file read the journal if it exists. +

+
-c class
+

+ Specify the class of the zone. If not specified "IN" is assumed. +

+
-k mode
+

+ Perform "check-name" checks with + the specified failure mode. + Possible modes are "fail", + "warn" (default) and + "ignore". +

+
-n mode
+

+ Specify whether NS records should be checked to see if they + are addresses. Possible modes are "fail", + "warn" (default) and + "ignore". +

+
-o filename
+

+ Write zone output to filename. +

+
-t directory
+

+ chroot to directory so that + include + directives in the configuration file are processed as if + run by a similarly chrooted named. +

+
-w directory
+

+ chdir to directory so that + relative + filenames in master file $INCLUDE directives work. This + is similar to the directory clause in + named.conf. +

+
-D
+

+ Dump zone file in canonical format. +

+
-W mode
+

+ Specify whether to check for non-terminal wildcards. + Non-terminal wildcards are almost always the result of a + failure to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034). + Possible modes are "warn" (default) + and + "ignore". +

+
zonename
+

+ The domain name of the zone being checked. +

+
filename
+

+ The name of the zone file. +

+
+
+
+

RETURN VALUES

+

named-checkzone + returns an exit status of 1 if + errors were detected and 0 otherwise. +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

named(8), + RFC 1035, + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. +

+
+
+

AUTHOR

+

Internet Systems Consortium +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/dig/dig.1 b/bin/dig/dig.1 index 1bc557ac69..cd6e31f9e5 100644 --- a/bin/dig/dig.1 +++ b/bin/dig/dig.1 @@ -1,401 +1,229 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: dig.1,v 1.27 2004/06/23 09:11:41 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "DIG" "1" "Jun 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "DIG" 1 "Jun 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME dig \- DNS lookup utility -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBdig\fR [ \fB@server\fR ] [ \fB-b \fIaddress\fB\fR ] [ \fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR ] [ \fB-f \fIfilename\fB\fR ] [ \fB-k \fIfilename\fB\fR ] [ \fB-p \fIport#\fB\fR ] [ \fB-t \fItype\fB\fR ] [ \fB-x \fIaddr\fB\fR ] [ \fB-y \fIname:key\fB\fR ] [ \fB-4\fR ] [ \fB-6\fR ] [ \fBname\fR ] [ \fBtype\fR ] [ \fBclass\fR ] [ \fBqueryopt\fR\fI...\fR ] -.sp -\fBdig\fR [ \fB-h\fR ] -.sp -\fBdig\fR [ \fBglobal-queryopt\fR\fI...\fR ] [ \fBquery\fR\fI...\fR ] +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 4 +\fBdig\fR [@server] [\fB\-b\ \fIaddress\fR\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fIclass\fR\fR] [\fB\-f\ \fIfilename\fR\fR] [\fB\-k\ \fIfilename\fR\fR] [\fB\-p\ \fIport#\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fItype\fR\fR] [\fB\-x\ \fIaddr\fR\fR] [\fB\-y\ \fIname:key\fR\fR] [\fB\-4\fR] [\fB\-6\fR] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...].HP 4 +\fBdig\fR [\fB\-h\fR].HP 4 +\fBdig\fR [global\-queryopt...] [query...] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBdig\fR (domain information groper) is a flexible tool -for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and -displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that -were queried. Most DNS administrators use \fBdig\fR to -troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and -clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality -than \fBdig\fR. +\fBdig\fR (domain information groper) is a flexible tool for interrogating DNS name servers\&. It performs DNS lookups and displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that were queried\&. Most DNS administrators use \fBdig\fR to troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and clarity of output\&. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality than \fBdig\fR\&. .PP -Although \fBdig\fR is normally used with command-line -arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup -requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments -and options is printed when the \fB-h\fR option is given. -Unlike earlier versions, the BIND9 implementation of -\fBdig\fR allows multiple lookups to be issued from the -command line. +Although \fBdig\fR is normally used with command\-line arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup requests from a file\&. A brief summary of its command\-line arguments and options is printed when the \fB\-h\fR option is given\&. Unlike earlier versions, the BIND9 implementation of \fBdig\fR allows multiple lookups to be issued from the command line\&. .PP -Unless it is told to query a specific name server, -\fBdig\fR will try each of the servers listed in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR. +Unless it is told to query a specific name server, \fBdig\fR will try each of the servers listed in \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR\&. .PP -When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an -NS query for "." (the root). +When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an NS query for "\&." (the root)\&. .PP -It is possible to set per-user defaults for \fBdig\fR via -\fI${HOME}/.digrc\fR. This file is read and any options in it -are applied before the command line arguments. +It is possible to set per\-user defaults for \fBdig\fR via \fI${HOME}/\&.digrc\fR\&. This file is read and any options in it are applied before the command line arguments\&. .SH "SIMPLE USAGE" .PP -A typical invocation of \fBdig\fR looks like: -.sp +A typical invocation of \fBdig\fR looks like: .nf dig @server name type -.sp .fi -where: + where: .TP \fBserver\fR -is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can be an IPv4 -address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6 -address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied -\fIserver\fR argument is a hostname, -\fBdig\fR resolves that name before querying that name -server. If no \fIserver\fR argument is provided, -\fBdig\fR consults \fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR -and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the name -server that responds is displayed. +is the name or IP address of the name server to query\&. This can be an IPv4 address in dotted\-decimal notation or an IPv6 address in colon\-delimited notation\&. When the supplied \fIserver\fR argument is a hostname, \fBdig\fR resolves that name before querying that name server\&. If no \fIserver\fR argument is provided, \fBdig\fR consults \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR and queries the name servers listed there\&. The reply from the name server that responds is displayed\&. .TP \fBname\fR -is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up. +is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up\&. .TP \fBtype\fR -indicates what type of query is required \(em -ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc. -\fItype\fR can be any valid query type. If no -\fItype\fR argument is supplied, -\fBdig\fR will perform a lookup for an A record. +indicates what type of query is required -- ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc\&. \fItype\fR can be any valid query type\&. If no \fItype\fR argument is supplied, \fBdig\fR will perform a lookup for an A record\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .PP -The \fB-b\fR option sets the source IP address of the query -to \fIaddress\fR. This must be a valid address on -one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional port -may be specified by appending "#" +The \fB\-b\fR option sets the source IP address of the query to \fIaddress\fR\&. This must be a valid address on one of the host's network interfaces or "0\&.0\&.0\&.0" or "::"\&. An optional port may be specified by appending "#" .PP -The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the -\fB-c\fR option. \fIclass\fR is any valid -class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for CHAOSNET records. +The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the \fB\-c\fR option\&. \fIclass\fR is any valid class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for CHAOSNET records\&. .PP -The \fB-f\fR option makes \fBdig \fR operate -in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the -file \fIfilename\fR. The file contains a number of -queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organised in -the same way they would be presented as queries to -\fBdig\fR using the command-line interface. +The \fB\-f\fR option makes \fBdig \fR operate in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the file \fIfilename\fR\&. The file contains a number of queries, one per line\&. Each entry in the file should be organised in the same way they would be presented as queries to \fBdig\fR using the command\-line interface\&. .PP -If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the -\fB-p\fR option is used. \fIport#\fR is -the port number that \fBdig\fR will send its queries -instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used -to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries -on a non-standard port number. +If a non\-standard port number is to be queried, the \fB\-p\fR option is used\&. \fIport#\fR is the port number that \fBdig\fR will send its queries instead of the standard DNS port number 53\&. This option would be used to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries on a non\-standard port number\&. .PP -The \fB-4\fR option forces \fBdig\fR to only -use IPv4 query transport. The \fB-6\fR option forces -\fBdig\fR to only use IPv6 query transport. +The \fB\-4\fR option forces \fBdig\fR to only use IPv4 query transport\&. The \fB\-6\fR option forces \fBdig\fR to only use IPv6 query transport\&. .PP -The \fB-t\fR option sets the query type to -\fItype\fR. It can be any valid query type which is -supported in BIND9. The default query type "A", unless the -\fB-x\fR option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup. -A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When -an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, -\fItype\fR is set to ixfr=N. -The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone -since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was -\fIN\fR. +The \fB\-t\fR option sets the query type to \fItype\fR\&. It can be any valid query type which is supported in BIND9\&. The default query type "A", unless the \fB\-x\fR option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup\&. A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR\&. When an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, \fItype\fR is set to ixfr=N\&. The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was \fIN\fR\&. .PP -Reverse lookups - mapping addresses to names - are simplified by the -\fB-x\fR option. \fIaddr\fR is an IPv4 -address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address. -When this option is used, there is no need to provide the -\fIname\fR, \fIclass\fR and -\fItype\fR arguments. \fBdig\fR -automatically performs a lookup for a name like -11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa and sets the query type and -class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are -looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain. -To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain -specify the \fB-i\fR option. Bit string labels (RFC2874) -are now experimental and are not attempted. +Reverse lookups \- mapping addresses to names \- are simplified by the \fB\-x\fR option\&. \fIaddr\fR is an IPv4 address in dotted\-decimal notation, or a colon\-delimited IPv6 address\&. When this option is used, there is no need to provide the \fIname\fR, \fIclass\fR and \fItype\fR arguments\&. \fBdig\fR automatically performs a lookup for a name like 11\&.12\&.13\&.10\&.in\-addr\&.arpa and sets the query type and class to PTR and IN respectively\&. By default, IPv6 addresses are looked up using nibble format under the IP6\&.ARPA domain\&. To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6\&.INT domain specify the \fB\-i\fR option\&. Bit string labels (RFC2874) are now experimental and are not attempted\&. .PP -To sign the DNS queries sent by \fBdig\fR and their -responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file -using the \fB-k\fR option. You can also specify the TSIG -key itself on the command line using the \fB-y\fR option; -\fIname\fR is the name of the TSIG key and -\fIkey\fR is the actual key. The key is a base-64 -encoded string, typically generated by \fBdnssec-keygen\fR(8). -Caution should be taken when using the \fB-y\fR option on -multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from -\fBps\fR(1) or in the shell's history file. When -using TSIG authentication with \fBdig\fR, the name -server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is -being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate -\fBkey\fR and \fBserver\fR statements in -\fInamed.conf\fR. +To sign the DNS queries sent by \fBdig\fR and their responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file using the \fB\-k\fR option\&. You can also specify the TSIG key itself on the command line using the \fB\-y\fR option; \fIname\fR is the name of the TSIG key and \fIkey\fR is the actual key\&. The key is a base\-64 encoded string, typically generated by \fBdnssec\-keygen\fR(8)\&. Caution should be taken when using the \fB\-y\fR option on multi\-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from \fBps\fR(1) or in the shell's history file\&. When using TSIG authentication with \fBdig\fR, the name server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is being used\&. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate \fBkey\fR and \fBserver\fR statements in \fInamed\&.conf\fR\&. .SH "QUERY OPTIONS" .PP -\fBdig\fR provides a number of query options which affect -the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of -these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which -sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout -and retry strategies. +\fBdig\fR provides a number of query options which affect the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed\&. Some of these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout and retry strategies\&. .PP -Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign -(+). Some keywords set or reset an option. These may be preceded -by the string no to negate the meaning of that keyword. Other -keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They -have the form \fB+keyword=value\fR. -The query options are: +Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign (+)\&. Some keywords set or reset an option\&. These may be preceded by the string no to negate the meaning of that keyword\&. Other keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval\&. They have the form \fB+keyword=value\fR\&. The query options are: .TP \fB+[no]tcp\fR -Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default -behaviour is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is requested, in -which case a TCP connection is used. +Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers\&. The default behaviour is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is requested, in which case a TCP connection is used\&. .TP \fB+[no]vc\fR -Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate -syntax to \fI+[no]tcp\fR is provided for backwards -compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit". +Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers\&. This alternate syntax to \fI+[no]tcp\fR is provided for backwards compatibility\&. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit"\&. .TP \fB+[no]ignore\fR -Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP. By -default, TCP retries are performed. +Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP\&. By default, TCP retries are performed\&. .TP \fB+domain=somename\fR -Set the search list to contain the single domain -\fIsomename\fR, as if specified in a -\fBdomain\fR directive in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR, and enable search list -processing as if the \fI+search\fR option were given. +Set the search list to contain the single domain \fIsomename\fR, as if specified in a \fBdomain\fR directive in \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR, and enable search list processing as if the \fI+search\fR option were given\&. .TP \fB+[no]search\fR -Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or domain -directive in \fIresolv.conf\fR (if any). -The search list is not used by default. +Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or domain directive in \fIresolv\&.conf\fR (if any)\&. The search list is not used by default\&. .TP \fB+[no]defname\fR -Deprecated, treated as a synonym for \fI+[no]search\fR +Deprecated, treated as a synonym for \fI+[no]search\fR .TP \fB+[no]aaonly\fR -Sets the "aa" flag in the query. +Sets the "aa" flag in the query\&. .TP \fB+[no]aaflag\fR -A synonym for \fI+[no]aaonly\fR. +A synonym for \fI+[no]aaonly\fR\&. .TP \fB+[no]adflag\fR -Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The AD bit -currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in queries, -but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for -completeness. +Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query\&. The AD bit currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in queries, but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for completeness\&. .TP \fB+[no]cdflag\fR -Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query. This -requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of responses. +Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query\&. This requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of responses\&. .TP \fB+[no]cl\fR -Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record. +Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record\&. .TP \fB+[no]ttlid\fR -Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record. +Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record\&. .TP \fB+[no]recurse\fR -Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the query. -This bit is set by default, which means \fBdig\fR -normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically disabled -when the \fI+nssearch\fR or -\fI+trace\fR query options are used. +Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the query\&. This bit is set by default, which means \fBdig\fR normally sends recursive queries\&. Recursion is automatically disabled when the \fI+nssearch\fR or \fI+trace\fR query options are used\&. .TP \fB+[no]nssearch\fR -When this option is set, \fBdig\fR attempts to find the -authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name being -looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has for the -zone. +When this option is set, \fBdig\fR attempts to find the authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name being looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has for the zone\&. .TP \fB+[no]trace\fR -Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers for -the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When -tracing is enabled, \fBdig\fR makes iterative queries to -resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from the -root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used to -resolve the lookup. +Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers for the name being looked up\&. Tracing is disabled by default\&. When tracing is enabled, \fBdig\fR makes iterative queries to resolve the name being looked up\&. It will follow referrals from the root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used to resolve the lookup\&. .TP \fB+[no]cmd\fR -toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output identifying -the version of \fBdig\fR and the query options that have -been applied. This comment is printed by default. +toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output identifying the version of \fBdig\fR and the query options that have been applied\&. This comment is printed by default\&. .TP \fB+[no]short\fR -Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a -verbose form. +Provide a terse answer\&. The default is to print the answer in a verbose form\&. .TP \fB+[no]identify\fR -Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that supplied the -answer when the \fI+short\fR option is enabled. If -short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the -source address and port number of the server that provided the answer. +Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that supplied the answer when the \fI+short\fR option is enabled\&. If short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the source address and port number of the server that provided the answer\&. .TP \fB+[no]comments\fR -Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default is to -print comments. +Toggle the display of comment lines in the output\&. The default is to print comments\&. .TP \fB+[no]stats\fR -This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the query -was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default behaviour is -to print the query statistics. +This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the query was made, the size of the reply and so on\&. The default behaviour is to print the query statistics\&. .TP \fB+[no]qr\fR -Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. -By default, the query is not printed. +Print [do not print] the query as it is sent\&. By default, the query is not printed\&. .TP \fB+[no]question\fR -Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an answer is -returned. The default is to print the question section as a comment. +Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an answer is returned\&. The default is to print the question section as a comment\&. .TP \fB+[no]answer\fR -Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The default -is to display it. +Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply\&. The default is to display it\&. .TP \fB+[no]authority\fR -Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The -default is to display it. +Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply\&. The default is to display it\&. .TP \fB+[no]additional\fR -Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply. -The default is to display it. +Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply\&. The default is to display it\&. .TP \fB+[no]all\fR -Set or clear all display flags. +Set or clear all display flags\&. .TP \fB+time=T\fR -Sets the timeout for a query to -\fIT\fR seconds. The default time out is 5 seconds. -An attempt to set \fIT\fR to less than 1 will result -in a query timeout of 1 second being applied. +Sets the timeout for a query to \fIT\fR seconds\&. The default time out is 5 seconds\&. An attempt to set \fIT\fR to less than 1 will result in a query timeout of 1 second being applied\&. .TP \fB+tries=T\fR -Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to -\fIT\fR instead of the default, 3. If -\fIT\fR is less than or equal to zero, the number of -tries is silently rounded up to 1. +Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to \fIT\fR instead of the default, 3\&. If \fIT\fR is less than or equal to zero, the number of tries is silently rounded up to 1\&. .TP \fB+retry=T\fR -Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to -\fIT\fR instead of the default, 2. Unlike -\fI+tries\fR, this does not include the initial -query. +Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to \fIT\fR instead of the default, 2\&. Unlike \fI+tries\fR, this does not include the initial query\&. .TP \fB+ndots=D\fR -Set the number of dots that have to appear in -\fIname\fR to \fID\fR for it to be -considered absolute. The default value is that defined using the -ndots statement in \fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR, or 1 if no -ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as -relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the -\fBsearch\fR or \fBdomain\fR directive in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR. +Set the number of dots that have to appear in \fIname\fR to \fID\fR for it to be considered absolute\&. The default value is that defined using the ndots statement in \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR, or 1 if no ndots statement is present\&. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the \fBsearch\fR or \fBdomain\fR directive in \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR\&. .TP \fB+bufsize=B\fR -Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to -\fIB\fR bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes of this -buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside this range are -rounded up or down appropriately. +Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to \fIB\fR bytes\&. The maximum and minimum sizes of this buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively\&. Values outside this range are rounded up or down appropriately\&. .TP \fB+[no]multiline\fR -Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line -format with human-readable comments. The default is to print -each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing -of the \fBdig\fR output. +Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi\-line format with human\-readable comments\&. The default is to print each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing of the \fBdig\fR output\&. .TP \fB+[no]fail\fR -Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The default is -to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub resolver -behaviour. +Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL\&. The default is to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub resolver behaviour\&. .TP \fB+[no]besteffort\fR -Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed. -The default is to not display malformed answers. +Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed\&. The default is to not display malformed answers\&. .TP \fB+[no]dnssec\fR -Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit (DO) -in the OPT record in the additional section of the query. +Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit (DO) in the OPT record in the additional section of the query\&. .TP \fB+[no]sigchase\fR -Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with --DDIG_SIGCHASE. +Chase DNSSEC signature chains\&. Requires dig be compiled with \-DDIG_SIGCHASE\&. .TP -\fB+trusted-key=####\fR -Specify a trusted key to be used with \fB+sigchase\fR. -Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE. +\fB+trusted\-key=####\fR +Specify a trusted key to be used with \fB+sigchase\fR\&. Requires dig be compiled with \-DDIG_SIGCHASE\&. .TP \fB+[no]topdown\fR -When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top down validation. -Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE. +When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top down validation\&. Requires dig be compiled with \-DDIG_SIGCHASE\&. .SH "MULTIPLE QUERIES" .PP -The BIND 9 implementation of \fBdig \fR supports -specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to -supporting the \fB-f\fR batch file option). Each of those -queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query -options. +The BIND 9 implementation of \fBdig \fR supports specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to supporting the \fB\-f\fR batch file option)\&. Each of those queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query options\&. .PP -In this case, each \fIquery\fR argument represent an -individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each -consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be -looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that -should be applied to that query. +In this case, each \fIquery\fR argument represent an individual query in the command\-line syntax described above\&. Each consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that should be applied to that query\&. .PP -A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries, -can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the -first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options -supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except -the \fB+[no]cmd\fR option) can be -overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example: -.sp +A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries, can also be supplied\&. These global query options must precede the first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options supplied on the command line\&. Any global query options (except the \fB+[no]cmd\fR option) can be overridden by a query\-specific set of query options\&. For example: .nf -dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr -.sp +dig +qr www\&.isc\&.org any \-x 127\&.0\&.0\&.1 isc\&.org ns +noqr .fi -shows how \fBdig\fR could be used from the command line -to make three lookups: an ANY query for www.isc.org, a -reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of -isc.org. -A global query option of \fI+qr\fR is applied, so -that \fBdig\fR shows the initial query it made for each -lookup. The final query has a local query option of -\fI+noqr\fR which means that \fBdig\fR -will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for -isc.org. + shows how \fBdig\fR could be used from the command line to make three lookups: an ANY query for www\&.isc\&.org, a reverse lookup of 127\&.0\&.0\&.1 and a query for the NS records of isc\&.org\&. A global query option of \fI+qr\fR is applied, so that \fBdig\fR shows the initial query it made for each lookup\&. The final query has a local query option of \fI+noqr\fR which means that \fBdig\fR will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for isc\&.org\&. .SH "FILES" .PP -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR +\fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR .PP -\fI${HOME}/.digrc\fR +\fI${HOME}/\&.digrc\fR .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBhost\fR(1), -\fBnamed\fR(8), -\fBdnssec-keygen\fR(8), -\fIRFC1035\fR. +\fBhost\fR(1), \fBnamed\fR(8), \fBdnssec\-keygen\fR(8), RFC1035\&. .SH "BUGS" .PP -There are probably too many query options. +There are probably too many query options\&. diff --git a/bin/dig/dig.html b/bin/dig/dig.html index 714bc5b342..0f55b1a1b8 100644 --- a/bin/dig/dig.html +++ b/bin/dig/dig.html @@ -1,1190 +1,580 @@ + + + +dig + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

dig — DNS lookup utility

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

dig [@server] [-b address] [-c class] [-f filename] [-k filename] [-p port#] [-t type] [-x addr] [-y name:key] [-4] [-6] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]

+

dig [-h]

+

dig [global-queryopt...] [query...]

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

dig + (domain information groper) is a flexible tool + for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and + displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that + were queried. Most DNS administrators use dig to + troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and + clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality + than dig. +

+

+ Although dig is normally used with + command-line + arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup + requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments + and options is printed when the -h option is given. + Unlike earlier versions, the BIND9 implementation of + dig allows multiple lookups to be issued + from the + command line. +

+

+ Unless it is told to query a specific name server, + dig will try each of the servers listed + in + /etc/resolv.conf. +

+

+ When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an + NS query for "." (the root). +

+

+ It is possible to set per-user defaults for dig via + ${HOME}/.digrc. This file is read and + any options in it + are applied before the command line arguments. +

+
+
+

SIMPLE USAGE

+

+ A typical invocation of dig looks like: +

+
 dig @server name type
+

+ where: - +

+
+
server
+

+ is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can + be an IPv4 + address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6 + address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied + server argument is a + hostname, + dig resolves that name before + querying that name + server. If no server + argument is provided, + dig consults /etc/resolv.conf + and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the + name + server that responds is displayed. +

+
name
+

+ is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up. +

+
type
+

+ indicates what type of query is required — + ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc. + type can be any valid query + type. If no + type argument is supplied, + dig will perform a lookup for an + A record. +

+
+

+

+
+
+

OPTIONS

+

+ The -b option sets the source IP address of the query + to address. This must be a valid + address on + one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional + port + may be specified by appending "#<port>" +

+

+ The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the + -c option. class is + any valid + class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for CHAOSNET records. +

+

+ The -f option makes dig + operate + in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the + file filename. The file contains a + number of + queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organised in + the same way they would be presented as queries to + dig using the command-line interface. +

+

+ If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the + -p option is used. port# is + the port number that dig will send its + queries + instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used + to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries + on a non-standard port number. +

+

+ The -4 option forces dig + to only + use IPv4 query transport. The -6 option forces + dig to only use IPv6 query transport. +

+

+ The -t option sets the query type to + type. It can be any valid query type + which is + supported in BIND9. The default query type "A", unless the + -x option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup. + A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When + an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, + type is set to ixfr=N. + The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone + since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was + N. +

+

+ Reverse lookups - mapping addresses to names - are simplified by the + -x option. addr is + an IPv4 + address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address. + When this option is used, there is no need to provide the + name, class and + type arguments. dig + automatically performs a lookup for a name like + 11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa and sets the + query type and + class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are + looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain. + To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain + specify the -i option. Bit string labels (RFC2874) + are now experimental and are not attempted. +

+

+ To sign the DNS queries sent by dig and + their + responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file + using the -k option. You can also specify the TSIG + key itself on the command line using the -y option; + name is the name of the TSIG key and + key is the actual key. The key is a + base-64 + encoded string, typically generated by + dnssec-keygen(8). - -dig

dig

Name

dig -- DNS lookup utility

Synopsis

dig [@server] [-b address] [-c class] [-f filename] [-k filename] [-p port#] [-t type] [-x addr] [-y name:key] [-4] [-6] [name] [type] [class] [queryopt...]

dig [-h]

dig [global-queryopt...] [query...]

DESCRIPTION

dig (domain information groper) is a flexible tool -for interrogating DNS name servers. It performs DNS lookups and -displays the answers that are returned from the name server(s) that -were queried. Most DNS administrators use dig to -troubleshoot DNS problems because of its flexibility, ease of use and -clarity of output. Other lookup tools tend to have less functionality -than dig.

Although dig is normally used with command-line -arguments, it also has a batch mode of operation for reading lookup -requests from a file. A brief summary of its command-line arguments -and options is printed when the -h option is given. -Unlike earlier versions, the BIND9 implementation of -dig allows multiple lookups to be issued from the -command line.

Unless it is told to query a specific name server, -dig will try each of the servers listed in -/etc/resolv.conf.

When no command line arguments or options are given, will perform an -NS query for "." (the root).

It is possible to set per-user defaults for dig via -${HOME}/.digrc. This file is read and any options in it -are applied before the command line arguments.

SIMPLE USAGE

A typical invocation of dig looks like: -

 dig @server name type
where: + Caution should be taken when using the -y option on + multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from + ps(1) + or in the shell's history file. When + using TSIG authentication with dig, the name + server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is + being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate + key and server statements in + named.conf. +

+
+
+

QUERY OPTIONS

+

dig + provides a number of query options which affect + the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of + these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which + sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout + and retry strategies. +

+

+ Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign + (+). Some keywords set or reset an + option. These may be preceded + by the string no to negate the meaning of + that keyword. Other + keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They + have the form +keyword=value. + The query options are: -

server

is the name or IP address of the name server to query. This can be an IPv4 -address in dotted-decimal notation or an IPv6 -address in colon-delimited notation. When the supplied -server argument is a hostname, -dig resolves that name before querying that name -server. If no server argument is provided, -dig consults /etc/resolv.conf -and queries the name servers listed there. The reply from the name -server that responds is displayed.

name

is the name of the resource record that is to be looked up.

type

indicates what type of query is required — -ANY, A, MX, SIG, etc. -type can be any valid query type. If no -type argument is supplied, -dig will perform a lookup for an A record.

OPTIONS

The -b option sets the source IP address of the query -to address. This must be a valid address on -one of the host's network interfaces or "0.0.0.0" or "::". An optional port -may be specified by appending "#<port>"

The default query class (IN for internet) is overridden by the --c option. class is any valid -class, such as HS for Hesiod records or CH for CHAOSNET records.

The -f option makes dig operate -in batch mode by reading a list of lookup requests to process from the -file filename. The file contains a number of -queries, one per line. Each entry in the file should be organised in -the same way they would be presented as queries to -dig using the command-line interface.

If a non-standard port number is to be queried, the --p option is used. port# is -the port number that dig will send its queries -instead of the standard DNS port number 53. This option would be used -to test a name server that has been configured to listen for queries -on a non-standard port number.

The -4 option forces dig to only -use IPv4 query transport. The -6 option forces -dig to only use IPv6 query transport.

The -t option sets the query type to -type. It can be any valid query type which is -supported in BIND9. The default query type "A", unless the --x option is supplied to indicate a reverse lookup. -A zone transfer can be requested by specifying a type of AXFR. When -an incremental zone transfer (IXFR) is required, -type is set to ixfr=N. -The incremental zone transfer will contain the changes made to the zone -since the serial number in the zone's SOA record was -N.

Reverse lookups - mapping addresses to names - are simplified by the --x option. addr is an IPv4 -address in dotted-decimal notation, or a colon-delimited IPv6 address. -When this option is used, there is no need to provide the -name, class and -type arguments. dig -automatically performs a lookup for a name like -11.12.13.10.in-addr.arpa and sets the query type and -class to PTR and IN respectively. By default, IPv6 addresses are -looked up using nibble format under the IP6.ARPA domain. -To use the older RFC1886 method using the IP6.INT domain -specify the -i option. Bit string labels (RFC2874) -are now experimental and are not attempted.

To sign the DNS queries sent by dig and their -responses using transaction signatures (TSIG), specify a TSIG key file -using the -k option. You can also specify the TSIG -key itself on the command line using the -y option; -name is the name of the TSIG key and -key is the actual key. The key is a base-64 -encoded string, typically generated by dnssec-keygen(8). +

+
+
+[no]tcp
+

+ Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default + behaviour is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is + requested, in + which case a TCP connection is used. +

+
+[no]vc
+

+ Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate + syntax to +[no]tcp is + provided for backwards + compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit". +

+
+[no]ignore
+

+ Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP. + By + default, TCP retries are performed. +

+
+domain=somename
+

+ Set the search list to contain the single domain + somename, as if specified in + a + domain directive in + /etc/resolv.conf, and enable + search list + processing as if the +search + option were given. +

+
+[no]search
+

+ Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or + domain + directive in resolv.conf (if + any). + The search list is not used by default. +

+
+[no]defname
+

+ Deprecated, treated as a synonym for +[no]search +

+
+[no]aaonly
+

+ Sets the "aa" flag in the query. +

+
+[no]aaflag
+

+ A synonym for +[no]aaonly. +

+
+[no]adflag
+

+ Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The + AD bit + currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in + queries, + but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for + completeness. +

+
+[no]cdflag
+

+ Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query. + This + requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of + responses. +

+
+[no]cl
+

+ Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record. +

+
+[no]ttlid
+

+ Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record. +

+
+[no]recurse
+

+ Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the + query. + This bit is set by default, which means dig + normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically + disabled + when the +nssearch or + +trace query options are + used. +

+
+[no]nssearch
+

+ When this option is set, dig + attempts to find the + authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name + being + looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has + for the + zone. +

+
+[no]trace
+

+ Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers + for + the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When + tracing is enabled, dig makes + iterative queries to + resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from + the + root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used + to + resolve the lookup. +

+
+[no]cmd
+

+ toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output + identifying + the version of dig and the query + options that have + been applied. This comment is printed by default. +

+
+[no]short
+

+ Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a + verbose form. +

+
+[no]identify
+

+ Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that + supplied the + answer when the +short option + is enabled. If + short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the + source address and port number of the server that provided the + answer. +

+
+[no]comments
+

+ Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default + is to + print comments. +

+
+[no]stats
+

+ This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the + query + was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default + behaviour is + to print the query statistics. +

+
+[no]qr
+

+ Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. + By default, the query is not printed. +

+
+[no]question
+

+ Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an + answer is + returned. The default is to print the question section as a + comment. +

+
+[no]answer
+

+ Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The + default + is to display it. +

+
+[no]authority
+

+ Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The + default is to display it. +

+
+[no]additional
+

+ Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply. + The default is to display it. +

+
+[no]all
+

+ Set or clear all display flags. +

+
+time=T
+

-Caution should be taken when using the -y option on -multi-user systems as the key can be visible in the output from -ps(1) or in the shell's history file. When -using TSIG authentication with dig, the name -server that is queried needs to know the key and algorithm that is -being used. In BIND, this is done by providing appropriate -key and server statements in -named.conf.

QUERY OPTIONS

dig provides a number of query options which affect -the way in which lookups are made and the results displayed. Some of -these set or reset flag bits in the query header, some determine which -sections of the answer get printed, and others determine the timeout -and retry strategies.

Each query option is identified by a keyword preceded by a plus sign -(+). Some keywords set or reset an option. These may be preceded -by the string no to negate the meaning of that keyword. Other -keywords assign values to options like the timeout interval. They -have the form +keyword=value. -The query options are: + Sets the timeout for a query to + T seconds. The default time + out is 5 seconds. + An attempt to set T to less + than 1 will result + in a query timeout of 1 second being applied. +

+
+tries=T
+

+ Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to + T instead of the default, 3. + If + T is less than or equal to + zero, the number of + tries is silently rounded up to 1. +

+
+retry=T
+

+ Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to + T instead of the default, 2. + Unlike + +tries, this does not include + the initial + query. +

+
+ndots=D
+

+ Set the number of dots that have to appear in + name to D for it to be + considered absolute. The default value is that defined using + the + ndots statement in /etc/resolv.conf, or 1 if no + ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are + interpreted as + relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in + the + search or domain directive in + /etc/resolv.conf. +

+
+bufsize=B
+

+ Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to + B bytes. The maximum and + minimum sizes of this + buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside this range + are + rounded up or down appropriately. +

+
+[no]multiline
+

+ Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line + format with human-readable comments. The default is to print + each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing + of the dig output. +

+
+[no]fail
+

+ Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The + default is + to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub + resolver + behaviour. +

+
+[no]besteffort
+

+ Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed. + The default is to not display malformed answers. +

+
+[no]dnssec
+

+ Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit + (DO) + in the OPT record in the additional section of the query. +

+
+[no]sigchase
+

+ Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with + -DDIG_SIGCHASE. +

+
+trusted-key=####
+

+ Specify a trusted key to be used with + +sigchase. + Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE. +

+
+[no]topdown
+

+ When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top down + validation. + Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE. +

+
+

-

+[no]tcp

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. The default -behaviour is to use UDP unless an AXFR or IXFR query is requested, in -which case a TCP connection is used.

+[no]vc

Use [do not use] TCP when querying name servers. This alternate -syntax to +[no]tcp is provided for backwards -compatibility. The "vc" stands for "virtual circuit".

+[no]ignore

Ignore truncation in UDP responses instead of retrying with TCP. By -default, TCP retries are performed.

+domain=somename

Set the search list to contain the single domain -somename, as if specified in a -domain directive in -/etc/resolv.conf, and enable search list -processing as if the +search option were given.

+[no]search

Use [do not use] the search list defined by the searchlist or domain -directive in resolv.conf (if any). -The search list is not used by default.

+[no]defname

Deprecated, treated as a synonym for +[no]search

+[no]aaonly

Sets the "aa" flag in the query.

+[no]aaflag

A synonym for +[no]aaonly.

+[no]adflag

Set [do not set] the AD (authentic data) bit in the query. The AD bit -currently has a standard meaning only in responses, not in queries, -but the ability to set the bit in the query is provided for -completeness.

+[no]cdflag

Set [do not set] the CD (checking disabled) bit in the query. This -requests the server to not perform DNSSEC validation of responses.

+[no]cl

Display [do not display] the CLASS when printing the record.

+[no]ttlid

Display [do not display] the TTL when printing the record.

+[no]recurse

Toggle the setting of the RD (recursion desired) bit in the query. -This bit is set by default, which means dig -normally sends recursive queries. Recursion is automatically disabled -when the +nssearch or -+trace query options are used.

+[no]nssearch

When this option is set, dig attempts to find the -authoritative name servers for the zone containing the name being -looked up and display the SOA record that each name server has for the -zone.

+[no]trace

Toggle tracing of the delegation path from the root name servers for -the name being looked up. Tracing is disabled by default. When -tracing is enabled, dig makes iterative queries to -resolve the name being looked up. It will follow referrals from the -root servers, showing the answer from each server that was used to -resolve the lookup.

+[no]cmd

toggles the printing of the initial comment in the output identifying -the version of dig and the query options that have -been applied. This comment is printed by default.

+[no]short

Provide a terse answer. The default is to print the answer in a -verbose form.

+[no]identify

Show [or do not show] the IP address and port number that supplied the -answer when the +short option is enabled. If -short form answers are requested, the default is not to show the -source address and port number of the server that provided the answer.

+[no]comments

Toggle the display of comment lines in the output. The default is to -print comments.

+[no]stats

This query option toggles the printing of statistics: when the query -was made, the size of the reply and so on. The default behaviour is -to print the query statistics.

+[no]qr

Print [do not print] the query as it is sent. -By default, the query is not printed.

+[no]question

Print [do not print] the question section of a query when an answer is -returned. The default is to print the question section as a comment.

+[no]answer

Display [do not display] the answer section of a reply. The default -is to display it.

+[no]authority

Display [do not display] the authority section of a reply. The -default is to display it.

+[no]additional

Display [do not display] the additional section of a reply. -The default is to display it.

+[no]all

Set or clear all display flags.

+time=T

Sets the timeout for a query to -T seconds. The default time out is 5 seconds. -An attempt to set T to less than 1 will result -in a query timeout of 1 second being applied.

+tries=T

Sets the number of times to try UDP queries to server to -T instead of the default, 3. If -T is less than or equal to zero, the number of -tries is silently rounded up to 1.

+retry=T

Sets the number of times to retry UDP queries to server to -T instead of the default, 2. Unlike -+tries, this does not include the initial -query.

+ndots=D

Set the number of dots that have to appear in -name to D for it to be -considered absolute. The default value is that defined using the -ndots statement in /etc/resolv.conf, or 1 if no -ndots statement is present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as -relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the -search or domain directive in -/etc/resolv.conf.

+bufsize=B

Set the UDP message buffer size advertised using EDNS0 to -B bytes. The maximum and minimum sizes of this -buffer are 65535 and 0 respectively. Values outside this range are -rounded up or down appropriately.

+[no]multiline

Print records like the SOA records in a verbose multi-line -format with human-readable comments. The default is to print -each record on a single line, to facilitate machine parsing -of the dig output.

+[no]fail

Do not try the next server if you receive a SERVFAIL. The default is -to not try the next server which is the reverse of normal stub resolver -behaviour.

+[no]besteffort

Attempt to display the contents of messages which are malformed. -The default is to not display malformed answers.

+[no]dnssec

Requests DNSSEC records be sent by setting the DNSSEC OK bit (DO) -in the OPT record in the additional section of the query.

+[no]sigchase

Chase DNSSEC signature chains. Requires dig be compiled with --DDIG_SIGCHASE.

+trusted-key=####

Specify a trusted key to be used with +sigchase. -Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

+[no]topdown

When chasing DNSSEC signature chains perform a top down validation. -Requires dig be compiled with -DDIG_SIGCHASE.

MULTIPLE QUERIES

The BIND 9 implementation of dig supports -specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to -supporting the -f batch file option). Each of those -queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query -options.

In this case, each query argument represent an -individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each -consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be -looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that -should be applied to that query.

A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries, -can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the -first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options -supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except -the +[no]cmd option) can be -overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example: -

dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
-shows how dig could be used from the command line -to make three lookups: an ANY query for www.isc.org, a -reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of -isc.org. +

+
+
+

MULTIPLE QUERIES

+

+ The BIND 9 implementation of dig + supports + specifying multiple queries on the command line (in addition to + supporting the -f batch file option). Each of those + queries can be supplied with its own set of flags, options and query + options. +

+

+ In this case, each query argument + represent an + individual query in the command-line syntax described above. Each + consists of any of the standard options and flags, the name to be + looked up, an optional query type and class and any query options that + should be applied to that query. +

+

+ A global set of query options, which should be applied to all queries, + can also be supplied. These global query options must precede the + first tuple of name, class, type, options, flags, and query options + supplied on the command line. Any global query options (except + the +[no]cmd option) can be + overridden by a query-specific set of query options. For example: +

+
+dig +qr www.isc.org any -x 127.0.0.1 isc.org ns +noqr
+
+

+ shows how dig could be used from the + command line + to make three lookups: an ANY query for www.isc.org, a + reverse lookup of 127.0.0.1 and a query for the NS records of + isc.org. -A global query option of +qr is applied, so -that dig shows the initial query it made for each -lookup. The final query has a local query option of -+noqr which means that dig -will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for -isc.org.

FILES

/etc/resolv.conf

${HOME}/.digrc

SEE ALSO

host(1), -named(8), -dnssec-keygen(8), -RFC1035.

BUGS

There are probably too many query options.

+ A global query option of +qr is + applied, so + that dig shows the initial query it made + for each + lookup. The final query has a local query option of + +noqr which means that dig + will not print the initial query when it looks up the NS records for + isc.org. +

+
+
+

FILES

+

/etc/resolv.conf +

+

${HOME}/.digrc +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

host(1), + named(8), + dnssec-keygen(8), + RFC1035. +

+
+
+

BUGS

+

+ There are probably too many query options. +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/dig/host.1 b/bin/dig/host.1 index ab27d24edd..8120c895fe 100644 --- a/bin/dig/host.1 +++ b/bin/dig/host.1 @@ -1,140 +1,81 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2002 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: host.1,v 1.18 2004/11/11 02:06:28 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "HOST" "1" "Jun 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "HOST" 1 "Jun 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME host \- DNS lookup utility -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBhost\fR [ \fB-aCdlnrTwv\fR ] [ \fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR ] [ \fB-N \fIndots\fB\fR ] [ \fB-R \fInumber\fB\fR ] [ \fB-t \fItype\fB\fR ] [ \fB-W \fIwait\fB\fR ] [ \fB-m \fIflag\fB\fR ] [ \fB-4\fR ] [ \fB-6\fR ] \fBname\fR [ \fBserver\fR ] +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 5 +\fBhost\fR [\fB\-aCdlnrTwv\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fIclass\fR\fR] [\fB\-N\ \fIndots\fR\fR] [\fB\-R\ \fInumber\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fItype\fR\fR] [\fB\-W\ \fIwait\fR\fR] [\fB\-m\ \fIflag\fR\fR] [\fB\-4\fR] [\fB\-6\fR] {name} [server] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBhost\fR -is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups. -It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. -When no arguments or options are given, -\fBhost\fR -prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options. -.PP -\fIname\fR is the domain name that is to be looked -up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited -IPv6 address, in which case \fBhost\fR will by default -perform a reverse lookup for that address. -\fIserver\fR is an optional argument which is either -the name or IP address of the name server that \fBhost\fR -should query instead of the server or servers listed in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR. -.PP -The \fB-a\fR (all) option is equivalent to setting the -\fB-v\fR option and asking \fBhost\fR to make -a query of type ANY. -.PP -When the \fB-C\fR option is used, \fBhost\fR -will attempt to display the SOA records for zone -\fIname\fR from all the listed authoritative name -servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS -records that are found for the zone. -.PP -The \fB-c\fR option instructs to make a DNS query of class -\fIclass\fR. This can be used to lookup Hesiod or -Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet). -.PP -Verbose output is generated by \fBhost\fR when the -\fB-d\fR or \fB-v\fR option is used. The two -options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards -compatibility. In previous versions, the \fB-d\fR option -switched on debugging traces and \fB-v\fR enabled verbose -output. -.PP -List mode is selected by the \fB-l\fR option. This makes -\fBhost\fR perform a zone transfer for zone -\fIname\fR. Transfer the zone printing out the NS, PTR -and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with \fB-a\fR -all records will be printed. -.PP -The \fB-i\fR -option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should -use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886. -The default is to use IP6.ARPA. -.PP -The \fB-N\fR option sets the number of dots that have to be -in \fIname\fR for it to be considered absolute. The -default value is that defined using the ndots statement in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR, or 1 if no ndots statement is -present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and -will be searched for in the domains listed in the \fBsearch\fR -or \fBdomain\fR directive in -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR. -.PP -The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the -\fB-R\fR option. \fInumber\fR indicates -how many times \fBhost\fR will repeat a query that does -not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If -\fInumber\fR is negative or zero, the number of -retries will default to 1. -.PP -Non-recursive queries can be made via the \fB-r\fR option. -Setting this option clears the \fBRD\fR \(em recursion -desired \(em bit in the query which \fBhost\fR makes. -This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not -attempt to resolve \fIname\fR. The -\fB-r\fR option enables \fBhost\fR to mimic -the behaviour of a name server by making non-recursive queries and -expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually -referrals to other name servers. -.PP -By default \fBhost\fR uses UDP when making queries. The -\fB-T\fR option makes it use a TCP connection when querying -the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that -require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests. -.PP -The \fB-4\fR option forces \fBhost\fR to only -use IPv4 query transport. The \fB-6\fR option forces -\fBhost\fR to only use IPv6 query transport. -.PP -The \fB-t\fR option is used to select the query type. -\fItype\fR can be any recognised query type: CNAME, -NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified, -\fBhost\fR automatically selects an appropriate query -type. By default it looks for A records, but if the -\fB-C\fR option was given, queries will be made for SOA -records, and if \fIname\fR is a dotted-decimal IPv4 -address or colon-delimited IPv6 address, \fBhost\fR will -query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting -serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the -starting serial number (e.g. -t IXFR=12345678). -.PP -The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the -\fB-W\fR and \fB-w\fR options. The -\fB-W\fR option makes \fBhost\fR wait for -\fIwait\fR seconds. If \fIwait\fR -is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the -\fB-w\fR option is used, \fBhost\fR will -effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response -will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum -value for an integer quantity. -.PP -The \fB-m\fR can be used to set the memory usage debugging flags -\fIrecord\fR, \fIusage\fR and -\fItrace\fR. +\fBhost\fR is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups\&. It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa\&. When no arguments or options are given, \fBhost\fR prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options\&. +.PP +\fIname\fR is the domain name that is to be looked up\&. It can also be a dotted\-decimal IPv4 address or a colon\-delimited IPv6 address, in which case \fBhost\fR will by default perform a reverse lookup for that address\&. \fIserver\fR is an optional argument which is either the name or IP address of the name server that \fBhost\fR should query instead of the server or servers listed in \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR\&. +.PP +The \fB\-a\fR (all) option is equivalent to setting the \fB\-v\fR option and asking \fBhost\fR to make a query of type ANY\&. +.PP +When the \fB\-C\fR option is used, \fBhost\fR will attempt to display the SOA records for zone \fIname\fR from all the listed authoritative name servers for that zone\&. The list of name servers is defined by the NS records that are found for the zone\&. +.PP +The \fB\-c\fR option instructs to make a DNS query of class \fIclass\fR\&. This can be used to lookup Hesiod or Chaosnet class resource records\&. The default class is IN (Internet)\&. +.PP +Verbose output is generated by \fBhost\fR when the \fB\-d\fR or \fB\-v\fR option is used\&. The two options are equivalent\&. They have been provided for backwards compatibility\&. In previous versions, the \fB\-d\fR option switched on debugging traces and \fB\-v\fR enabled verbose output\&. +.PP +List mode is selected by the \fB\-l\fR option\&. This makes \fBhost\fR perform a zone transfer for zone \fIname\fR\&. Transfer the zone printing out the NS, PTR and address records (A/AAAA)\&. If combined with \fB\-a\fR all records will be printed\&. +.PP +The \fB\-i\fR option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should use the IP6\&.INT domain as defined in RFC1886\&. The default is to use IP6\&.ARPA\&. +.PP +The \fB\-N\fR option sets the number of dots that have to be in \fIname\fR for it to be considered absolute\&. The default value is that defined using the ndots statement in \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR, or 1 if no ndots statement is present\&. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and will be searched for in the domains listed in the \fBsearch\fR or \fBdomain\fR directive in \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR\&. +.PP +The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the \fB\-R\fR option\&. \fInumber\fR indicates how many times \fBhost\fR will repeat a query that does not get answered\&. The default number of retries is 1\&. If \fInumber\fR is negative or zero, the number of retries will default to 1\&. +.PP +Non\-recursive queries can be made via the \fB\-r\fR option\&. Setting this option clears the \fBRD\fR -- recursion desired -- bit in the query which \fBhost\fR makes\&. This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not attempt to resolve \fIname\fR\&. The \fB\-r\fR option enables \fBhost\fR to mimic the behaviour of a name server by making non\-recursive queries and expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually referrals to other name servers\&. +.PP +By default \fBhost\fR uses UDP when making queries\&. The \fB\-T\fR option makes it use a TCP connection when querying the name server\&. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests\&. +.PP +The \fB\-4\fR option forces \fBhost\fR to only use IPv4 query transport\&. The \fB\-6\fR option forces \fBhost\fR to only use IPv6 query transport\&. +.PP +The \fB\-t\fR option is used to select the query type\&. \fItype\fR can be any recognised query type: CNAME, NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc\&. When no query type is specified, \fBhost\fR automatically selects an appropriate query type\&. By default it looks for A records, but if the \fB\-C\fR option was given, queries will be made for SOA records, and if \fIname\fR is a dotted\-decimal IPv4 address or colon\-delimited IPv6 address, \fBhost\fR will query for PTR records\&. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the starting serial number (e\&.g\&. \-t IXFR=12345678)\&. +.PP +The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the \fB\-W\fR and \fB\-w\fR options\&. The \fB\-W\fR option makes \fBhost\fR wait for \fIwait\fR seconds\&. If \fIwait\fR is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second\&. When the \fB\-w\fR option is used, \fBhost\fR will effectively wait forever for a reply\&. The time to wait for a response will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum value for an integer quantity\&. +.PP +The \fB\-m\fR can be used to set the memory usage debugging flags \fIrecord\fR, \fIusage\fR and \fItrace\fR\&. .SH "FILES" .PP -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR +\fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBdig\fR(1), -\fBnamed\fR(8). +\fBdig\fR(1), \fBnamed\fR(8)\&. diff --git a/bin/dig/host.html b/bin/dig/host.html index d227ad9507..cc524b5af6 100644 --- a/bin/dig/host.html +++ b/bin/dig/host.html @@ -1,468 +1,191 @@ - - - - -host

host

Name

host -- DNS lookup utility

Synopsis

host [-aCdlnrTwv] [-c class] [-N ndots] [-R number] [-t type] [-W wait] [-m flag] [-4] [-6] {name} [server]

DESCRIPTION

host -is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups. -It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. -When no arguments or options are given, -host -prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.

name is the domain name that is to be looked -up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited -IPv6 address, in which case host will by default -perform a reverse lookup for that address. -server is an optional argument which is either -the name or IP address of the name server that host -should query instead of the server or servers listed in -/etc/resolv.conf.

The -a (all) option is equivalent to setting the --v option and asking host to make -a query of type ANY.

When the -C option is used, host -will attempt to display the SOA records for zone -name from all the listed authoritative name -servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS -records that are found for the zone.

The -c option instructs to make a DNS query of class -class. This can be used to lookup Hesiod or -Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).

Verbose output is generated by host when the --d or -v option is used. The two -options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards -compatibility. In previous versions, the -d option -switched on debugging traces and -v enabled verbose -output.

List mode is selected by the -l option. This makes -host perform a zone transfer for zone -name. Transfer the zone printing out the NS, PTR -and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with -a -all records will be printed.

The -i -option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should -use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886. -The default is to use IP6.ARPA.

The -N option sets the number of dots that have to be -in name for it to be considered absolute. The -default value is that defined using the ndots statement in -/etc/resolv.conf, or 1 if no ndots statement is -present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and -will be searched for in the domains listed in the search -or domain directive in -/etc/resolv.conf.

The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the --R option. number indicates -how many times host will repeat a query that does -not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If -number is negative or zero, the number of -retries will default to 1.

Non-recursive queries can be made via the -r option. -Setting this option clears the RD — recursion -desired — bit in the query which host makes. -This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not -attempt to resolve name. The --r option enables host to mimic -the behaviour of a name server by making non-recursive queries and -expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually -referrals to other name servers.

By default host uses UDP when making queries. The --T option makes it use a TCP connection when querying -the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that -require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.

The -4 option forces host to only -use IPv4 query transport. The -6 option forces -host to only use IPv6 query transport.

The -t option is used to select the query type. -type can be any recognised query type: CNAME, -NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified, -host automatically selects an appropriate query -type. By default it looks for A records, but if the --C option was given, queries will be made for SOA -records, and if name is a dotted-decimal IPv4 -address or colon-delimited IPv6 address, host will -query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting -serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the -starting serial number (e.g. -t IXFR=12345678).

The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the --W and -w options. The --W option makes host wait for -wait seconds. If wait -is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the --w option is used, host will -effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response -will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum -value for an integer quantity.

The -m can be used to set the memory usage debugging flags -record, usage and -trace.

FILES

/etc/resolv.conf

SEE ALSO

dig(1), -named(8).

+ + + +host + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

host — DNS lookup utility

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

host [-aCdlnrTwv] [-c class] [-N ndots] [-R number] [-t type] [-W wait] [-m flag] [-4] [-6] {name} [server]

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

host + is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups. + It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa. + When no arguments or options are given, + host + prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options. +

+

name is the domain name that is to be + looked + up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited + IPv6 address, in which case host will by + default + perform a reverse lookup for that address. + server is an optional argument which + is either + the name or IP address of the name server that host + should query instead of the server or servers listed in + /etc/resolv.conf. +

+

+ The -a (all) option is equivalent to setting the + -v option and asking host to make + a query of type ANY. +

+

+ When the -C option is used, host + will attempt to display the SOA records for zone + name from all the listed + authoritative name + servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS + records that are found for the zone. +

+

+ The -c option instructs to make a DNS query of class + class. This can be used to lookup + Hesiod or + Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet). +

+

+ Verbose output is generated by host when + the + -d or -v option is used. The two + options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards + compatibility. In previous versions, the -d option + switched on debugging traces and -v enabled verbose + output. +

+

+ List mode is selected by the -l option. This makes + host perform a zone transfer for zone + name. Transfer the zone printing out + the NS, PTR + and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with -a + all records will be printed. +

+

+ The -i + option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should + use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886. + The default is to use IP6.ARPA. +

+

+ The -N option sets the number of dots that have to be + in name for it to be considered + absolute. The + default value is that defined using the ndots statement in + /etc/resolv.conf, or 1 if no ndots + statement is + present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and + will be searched for in the domains listed in the search + or domain directive in + /etc/resolv.conf. +

+

+ The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the + -R option. number + indicates + how many times host will repeat a query + that does + not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If + number is negative or zero, the + number of + retries will default to 1. +

+

+ Non-recursive queries can be made via the -r option. + Setting this option clears the RD — recursion + desired — bit in the query which host makes. + This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not + attempt to resolve name. The + -r option enables host + to mimic + the behaviour of a name server by making non-recursive queries and + expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually + referrals to other name servers. +

+

+ By default host uses UDP when making + queries. The + -T option makes it use a TCP connection when querying + the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that + require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests. +

+

+ The -4 option forces host to only + use IPv4 query transport. The -6 option forces + host to only use IPv6 query transport. +

+

+ The -t option is used to select the query type. + type can be any recognised query + type: CNAME, + NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified, + host automatically selects an appropriate + query + type. By default it looks for A records, but if the + -C option was given, queries will be made for SOA + records, and if name is a + dotted-decimal IPv4 + address or colon-delimited IPv6 address, host will + query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting + serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the + starting serial number (e.g. -t IXFR=12345678). +

+

+ The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the + -W and -w options. The + -W option makes host + wait for + wait seconds. If wait + is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the + -w option is used, host + will + effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response + will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum + value for an integer quantity. +

+

+ The -m can be used to set the memory usage debugging + flags + record, usage and + trace. +

+
+
+

FILES

+

/etc/resolv.conf +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

dig(1), + named(8). +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/dig/nslookup.1 b/bin/dig/nslookup.1 index 370715a81c..7c1b156b0e 100644 --- a/bin/dig/nslookup.1 +++ b/bin/dig/nslookup.1 @@ -1,76 +1,71 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: nslookup.1,v 1.2 2004/08/21 09:49:57 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "NSLOOKUP" "1" "Jun 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "NSLOOKUP" 1 "Jun 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME nslookup \- query Internet name servers interactively -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBnslookup\fR [ \fB-option\fR ] [ \fBname | -\fR ] [ \fBserver\fR ] +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 9 +\fBnslookup\fR [\fB\-option\fR] [name\ |\ \-] [server] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBNslookup\fR -is a program to query Internet domain name servers. \fBNslookup\fR -has two modes: interactive and non-interactive. Interactive mode allows -the user to query name servers for information about various hosts and -domains or to print a list of hosts in a domain. Non-interactive mode is -used to print just the name and requested information for a host or -domain. +\fBNslookup\fR is a program to query Internet domain name servers\&. \fBNslookup\fR has two modes: interactive and non\-interactive\&. Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers for information about various hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts in a domain\&. Non\-interactive mode is used to print just the name and requested information for a host or domain\&. .SH "ARGUMENTS" .PP -Interactive mode is entered in the following cases: -.IP 1. +Interactive mode is entered in the following cases: +.TP 3 +1. when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used) -.IP 2. -when the first argument is a hyphen (-) and the second argument is -the host name or Internet address of a name server. -.PP -Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address of the -host to be looked up is given as the first argument. The optional second -argument specifies the host name or address of a name server. +.TP +2. +when the first argument is a hyphen (\-) and the second argument is the host name or Internet address of a name server\&. +.LP .PP -Options can also be specified on the command line if they precede the -arguments and are prefixed with a hyphen. For example, to -change the default query type to host information, and the initial timeout to 10 seconds, type: +Non\-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address of the host to be looked up is given as the first argument\&. The optional second argument specifies the host name or address of a name server\&. .PP -.sp -.nf -nslookup -query=hinfo -timeout=10 -.sp -.fi +Options can also be specified on the command line if they precede the arguments and are prefixed with a hyphen\&. For example, to change the default query type to host information, and the initial timeout to 10 seconds, type: .IP .nf nslookup \-query=hinfo \-timeout=10 .fi .SH "INTERACTIVE COMMANDS" .TP -\fBhost [server]\fR -Look up information for host using the current default server or -using server, if specified. If host is an Internet address and -the query type is A or PTR, the name of the host is returned. -If host is a name and does not have a trailing period, the -search list is used to qualify the name. - -To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to -the name. -.TP -\fBserver \fIdomain\fB\fR -.TP -\fBlserver \fIdomain\fB\fR -Change the default server to \fIdomain\fR; lserver uses the initial -server to look up information about \fIdomain\fR, while server uses -the current default server. If an authoritative answer can't be -found, the names of servers that might have the answer are -returned. +host [server] +Look up information for host using the current default server or using server, if specified\&. If host is an Internet address and the query type is A or PTR, the name of the host is returned\&. If host is a name and does not have a trailing period, the search list is used to qualify the name\&. +To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to the name\&. +.TP +\fBserver\fR \fIdomain\fR +.TP +\fBlserver\fR \fIdomain\fR +Change the default server to \fIdomain\fR; \fBlserver\fR uses the initial server to look up information about \fIdomain\fR, while \fBserver\fR uses the current default server\&. If an authoritative answer can't be found, the names of servers that might have the answer are returned\&. .TP \fBroot\fR not implemented @@ -91,20 +86,17 @@ not implemented not implemented .TP \fBexit\fR -Exits the program. +Exits the program\&. .TP -\fBset \fIkeyword[=value]\fB\fR -This command is used to change state information that affects -the lookups. Valid keywords are: +\fBset\fR \fIkeyword[=value]\fR +This command is used to change state information that affects the lookups\&. Valid keywords are: .RS .TP \fBall\fR -Prints the current values of the frequently used -options to \fBset\fR. Information about the current default -server and host is also printed. +Prints the current values of the frequently used options to \fBset\fR\&. Information about the current default server and host is also printed\&. .TP -\fBclass=\fIvalue\fB\fR -Change the query class to one of: +\fBclass=\fR\fIvalue\fR +Change the query class to one of: .RS .TP \fBIN\fR @@ -119,74 +111,56 @@ the Hesiod class \fBANY\fR wildcard .RE -.PP -The class specifies the protocol group of the information. - +.IP + The class specifies the protocol group of the information\&. (Default = IN; abbreviation = cl) .TP -\fB\fI[no]\fBdebug\fR -Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is -printed about the packet sent to the server and the -resulting answer. - +\fB \fI[no]\fRdebug\fR +Turn debugging mode on\&. A lot more information is printed about the packet sent to the server and the resulting answer\&. (Default = nodebug; abbreviation = [no]deb) .TP -\fB\fI[no]\fBd2\fR -Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is -printed about the packet sent to the server and the -resulting answer. - +\fB \fI[no]\fRd2\fR +Turn debugging mode on\&. A lot more information is printed about the packet sent to the server and the resulting answer\&. (Default = nod2) .TP -\fBdomain=\fIname\fB\fR -Sets the search list to \fIname\fR. +\fBdomain=\fR\fIname\fR +Sets the search list to \fIname\fR\&. .TP -\fB\fI[no]\fBsearch\fR -If the lookup request contains at least one period but -doesn't end with a trailing period, append the domain -names in the domain search list to the request until an -answer is received. - +\fB \fI[no]\fRsearch\fR +If the lookup request contains at least one period but doesn't end with a trailing period, append the domain names in the domain search list to the request until an answer is received\&. (Default = search) .TP -\fBport=\fIvalue\fB\fR -Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to \fIvalue\fR. - +\fBport=\fR\fIvalue\fR +Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to \fIvalue\fR\&. (Default = 53; abbreviation = po) .TP -\fBquerytype=\fIvalue\fB\fR +\fBquerytype=\fR\fIvalue\fR .TP -\fBtype=\fIvalue\fB\fR -Change the top of the information query. - +\fBtype=\fR\fIvalue\fR +Change the top of the information query\&. (Default = A; abbreviations = q, ty) .TP -\fB\fI[no]\fBrecurse\fR -Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the -information. - +\fB \fI[no]\fRrecurse\fR +Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the information\&. (Default = recurse; abbreviation = [no]rec) .TP -\fBretry=\fInumber\fB\fR -Set the number of retries to number. +\fBretry=\fR\fInumber\fR +Set the number of retries to number\&. .TP -\fBtimeout=\fInumber\fB\fR -Change the initial timeout interval for waiting for a -reply to number seconds. +\fBtimeout=\fR\fInumber\fR +Change the initial timeout interval for waiting for a reply to number seconds\&. .TP -\fB\fI[no]\fBvc\fR -Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server. - +\fB \fI[no]\fRvc\fR +Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server\&. (Default = novc) .RE +.IP .SH "FILES" .PP -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR +\fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBdig\fR(1), -\fBhost\fR(1), -\fBnamed\fR(8). +\fBdig\fR(1), \fBhost\fR(1), \fBnamed\fR(8)\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP Andrew Cherenson diff --git a/bin/dig/nslookup.html b/bin/dig/nslookup.html index b043964bc0..c7286e11e0 100644 --- a/bin/dig/nslookup.html +++ b/bin/dig/nslookup.html @@ -1,655 +1,296 @@ + + + +nslookup + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

nslookup — query Internet name servers interactively

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

nslookup [-option] [name | -] [server]

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

Nslookup + is a program to query Internet domain name servers. Nslookup + has two modes: interactive and non-interactive. Interactive mode allows + the user to query name servers for information about various hosts and + domains or to print a list of hosts in a domain. Non-interactive mode + is + used to print just the name and requested information for a host or + domain. +

+
+
+

ARGUMENTS

+

+ Interactive mode is entered in the following cases: +

+
    +

  1. + when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used) +

    2. +

  2. + when the first argument is a hyphen (-) and the second argument is + the host name or Internet address of a name server. +

    3. +
+

+

+

+ Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address of the + host to be looked up is given as the first argument. The optional second + argument specifies the host name or address of a name server. +

+

+ Options can also be specified on the command line if they precede the + arguments and are prefixed with a hyphen. For example, to + change the default query type to host information, and the initial + timeout to 10 seconds, type: +

+
+nslookup -query=hinfo  -timeout=10
+
+

+

+
+
+

INTERACTIVE COMMANDS

+
+
host [server]
+
+

+ Look up information for host using the current default server or + using server, if specified. If host is an Internet address and + the query type is A or PTR, the name of the host is returned. + If host is a name and does not have a trailing period, the + search list is used to qualify the name. +

+

+ To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to + the name. +

+
+
server domain
+

+
lserver domain
+

+ Change the default server to domain; lserver uses the initial + server to look up information about domain, while server uses + the current default server. If an authoritative answer can't be + found, the names of servers that might have the answer are + returned. +

+
root
+

+ not implemented +

+
finger
+

+ not implemented +

+
ls
+

+ not implemented +

+
view
+

+ not implemented +

+
help
+

+ not implemented +

+
?
+

+ not implemented +

+
exit
+

+ Exits the program. +

+
set + keyword[=value]
+
+

+ This command is used to change state information that affects + the lookups. Valid keywords are: +

+
+
all
+

+ Prints the current values of the frequently used + options to set. + Information about the current default + server and host is also printed. +

+
class=value
+
+

+ Change the query class to one of: +

+
+
IN
+

+ the Internet class +

+
CH
+

+ the Chaos class +

+
HS
+

+ the Hesiod class +

+
ANY
+

+ wildcard +

+
+

+ The class specifies the protocol group of the information. - - - -nslookup

nslookup

Name

nslookup -- query Internet name servers interactively

Synopsis

nslookup [-option] [name | -] [server]

DESCRIPTION

Nslookup -is a program to query Internet domain name servers. Nslookup -has two modes: interactive and non-interactive. Interactive mode allows -the user to query name servers for information about various hosts and -domains or to print a list of hosts in a domain. Non-interactive mode is -used to print just the name and requested information for a host or -domain.

ARGUMENTS

Interactive mode is entered in the following cases: -

  1. when no arguments are given (the default name server will be used)

  2. when the first argument is a hyphen (-) and the second argument is -the host name or Internet address of a name server.

Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address of the -host to be looked up is given as the first argument. The optional second -argument specifies the host name or address of a name server.

Options can also be specified on the command line if they precede the -arguments and are prefixed with a hyphen. For example, to -change the default query type to host information, and the initial timeout to 10 seconds, type: -

nslookup -query=hinfo  -timeout=10

INTERACTIVE COMMANDS

host [server]

Look up information for host using the current default server or -using server, if specified. If host is an Internet address and -the query type is A or PTR, the name of the host is returned. -If host is a name and does not have a trailing period, the -search list is used to qualify the name.

To look up a host not in the current domain, append a period to -the name.

server domain

lserver domain

Change the default server to domain; lserver uses the initial -server to look up information about domain, while server uses -the current default server. If an authoritative answer can't be -found, the names of servers that might have the answer are -returned.

root

not implemented

finger

not implemented

ls

not implemented

view

not implemented

help

not implemented

?

not implemented

exit

Exits the program.

set keyword[=value]

This command is used to change state information that affects -the lookups. Valid keywords are: -

all

Prints the current values of the frequently used - options to set. Information about the current default - server and host is also printed. -

class=value

Change the query class to one of: -

IN

the Internet class

CH

the Chaos class

HS

the Hesiod class

ANY

wildcard

- The class specifies the protocol group of the information. -

(Default = IN; abbreviation = cl) -

[no]debug

Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is - printed about the packet sent to the server and the - resulting answer. -

(Default = nodebug; abbreviation = [no]deb) -

[no]d2

Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is - printed about the packet sent to the server and the - resulting answer. -

(Default = nod2) -

domain=name

Sets the search list to name. -

[no]search

If the lookup request contains at least one period but - doesn't end with a trailing period, append the domain - names in the domain search list to the request until an - answer is received. -

(Default = search) -

port=value

Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to value. -

(Default = 53; abbreviation = po) -

querytype=value

type=value

Change the top of the information query. -

(Default = A; abbreviations = q, ty) -

[no]recurse

Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the - information. -

(Default = recurse; abbreviation = [no]rec) -

retry=number

Set the number of retries to number. -

timeout=number

Change the initial timeout interval for waiting for a - reply to number seconds. -

[no]vc

Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the server. -

(Default = novc) -

FILES

/etc/resolv.conf

SEE ALSO

dig(1), -host(1), -named(8).

Author

Andrew Cherenson

+

+

+ (Default = IN; abbreviation = cl) +

+
+
+ [no]debug
+
+

+ Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is + printed about the packet sent to the server and the + resulting answer. +

+

+ (Default = nodebug; abbreviation = [no]deb) +

+
+
+ [no]d2
+
+

+ Turn debugging mode on. A lot more information is + printed about the packet sent to the server and the + resulting answer. +

+

+ (Default = nod2) +

+
+
domain=name
+

+ Sets the search list to name. +

+
+ [no]search
+
+

+ If the lookup request contains at least one period but + doesn't end with a trailing period, append the domain + names in the domain search list to the request until an + answer is received. +

+

+ (Default = search) +

+
+
port=value
+
+

+ Change the default TCP/UDP name server port to value. +

+

+ (Default = 53; abbreviation = po) +

+
+
querytype=value
+

+
type=value
+
+

+ Change the top of the information query. +

+

+ (Default = A; abbreviations = q, ty) +

+
+
+ [no]recurse
+
+

+ Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not + have the + information. +

+

+ (Default = recurse; abbreviation = [no]rec) +

+
+
retry=number
+

+ Set the number of retries to number. +

+
timeout=number
+

+ Change the initial timeout interval for waiting for a + reply to number seconds. +

+
+ [no]vc
+
+

+ Always use a virtual circuit when sending requests to the + server. +

+

+ (Default = novc) +

+
+
+

+

+
+
+
+
+

FILES

+

/etc/resolv.conf +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

dig(1), + host(1), + named(8). +

+
+
+

Author

+

+ Andrew Cherenson +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.8 b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.8 index 892c7b3e3e..a6150d06d3 100644 --- a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.8 +++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.8 @@ -1,174 +1,128 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: dnssec-keygen.8,v 1.28 2005/04/07 03:49:55 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "DNSSEC-KEYGEN" "8" "June 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "DNSSEC-KEYGEN" 8 "June 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME dnssec-keygen \- DNSSEC key generation tool -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBdnssec-keygen\fR \fB-a \fIalgorithm\fB\fR \fB-b \fIkeysize\fB\fR \fB-n \fInametype\fB\fR [ \fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR ] [ \fB-e\fR ] [ \fB-f \fIflag\fB\fR ] [ \fB-g \fIgenerator\fB\fR ] [ \fB-h\fR ] [ \fB-k\fR ] [ \fB-p \fIprotocol\fB\fR ] [ \fB-r \fIrandomdev\fB\fR ] [ \fB-s \fIstrength\fB\fR ] [ \fB-t \fItype\fB\fR ] [ \fB-v \fIlevel\fB\fR ] \fBname\fR +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 14 +\fBdnssec\-keygen\fR {\-a\ \fIalgorithm\fR} {\-b\ \fIkeysize\fR} {\-n\ \fInametype\fR} [\fB\-c\ \fIclass\fR\fR] [\fB\-e\fR] [\fB\-f\ \fIflag\fR\fR] [\fB\-g\ \fIgenerator\fR\fR] [\fB\-h\fR] [\fB\-k\fR] [\fB\-p\ \fIprotocol\fR\fR] [\fB\-r\ \fIrandomdev\fR\fR] [\fB\-s\ \fIstrength\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fItype\fR\fR] [\fB\-v\ \fIlevel\fR\fR] {name} .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBdnssec-keygen\fR generates keys for DNSSEC -(Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535 and RFC . It can also generate -keys for use with TSIG (Transaction Signatures), as -defined in RFC 2845. +\fBdnssec\-keygen\fR generates keys for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535 and RFC \&. It can also generate keys for use with TSIG (Transaction Signatures), as defined in RFC 2845\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .TP -\fB-a \fIalgorithm\fB\fR -Selects the cryptographic algorithm. The value of -\fBalgorithm\fR must be one of RSAMD5 (RSA) or RSASHA1, -DSA, DH (Diffie Hellman), or HMAC-MD5. These values -are case insensitive. - -Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement algorithm, -and DSA is recommended. For TSIG, HMAC-MD5 is mandatory. - -Note 2: HMAC-MD5 and DH automatically set the -k flag. -.TP -\fB-b \fIkeysize\fB\fR -Specifies the number of bits in the key. The choice of key -size depends on the algorithm used. RSAMD5 / RSASHA1 keys must be between -512 and 2048 bits. Diffie Hellman keys must be between -128 and 4096 bits. DSA keys must be between 512 and 1024 -bits and an exact multiple of 64. HMAC-MD5 keys must be -between 1 and 512 bits. -.TP -\fB-n \fInametype\fB\fR -Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of -\fBnametype\fR must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC -zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with a host (KEY)), -USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY). These values are -case insensitive. -.TP -\fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR -Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have -the specified class. If not specified, class IN is used. -.TP -\fB-e\fR -If generating an RSAMD5/RSASHA1 key, use a large exponent. -.TP -\fB-f \fIflag\fB\fR -Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record. -The only recognized flag is KSK (Key Signing Key) DNSKEY. -.TP -\fB-g \fIgenerator\fB\fR -If generating a Diffie Hellman key, use this generator. -Allowed values are 2 and 5. If no generator -is specified, a known prime from RFC 2539 will be used -if possible; otherwise the default is 2. -.TP -\fB-h\fR -Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to -\fBdnssec-keygen\fR. -.TP -\fB-k\fR -Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records. -.TP -\fB-p \fIprotocol\fB\fR -Sets the protocol value for the generated key. The protocol -is a number between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC). -Other possible values for this argument are listed in -RFC 2535 and its successors. -.TP -\fB-r \fIrandomdev\fB\fR -Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating -system does not provide a \fI/dev/random\fR -or equivalent device, the default source of randomness -is keyboard input. \fIrandomdev\fR specifies -the name of a character device or file containing random -data to be used instead of the default. The special value -\fIkeyboard\fR indicates that keyboard -input should be used. -.TP -\fB-s \fIstrength\fB\fR -Specifies the strength value of the key. The strength is -a number between 0 and 15, and currently has no defined -purpose in DNSSEC. -.TP -\fB-t \fItype\fB\fR -Indicates the use of the key. \fBtype\fR must be -one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default -is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate -data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data. -.TP -\fB-v \fIlevel\fB\fR -Sets the debugging level. +\-a \fIalgorithm\fR +Selects the cryptographic algorithm\&. The value of \fBalgorithm\fR must be one of RSAMD5 (RSA) or RSASHA1, DSA, DH (Diffie Hellman), or HMAC\-MD5\&. These values are case insensitive\&. +Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement algorithm, and DSA is recommended\&. For TSIG, HMAC\-MD5 is mandatory\&. +Note 2: HMAC\-MD5 and DH automatically set the \-k flag\&. +.TP +\-b \fIkeysize\fR +Specifies the number of bits in the key\&. The choice of key size depends on the algorithm used\&. RSAMD5 / RSASHA1 keys must be between 512 and 2048 bits\&. Diffie Hellman keys must be between 128 and 4096 bits\&. DSA keys must be between 512 and 1024 bits and an exact multiple of 64\&. HMAC\-MD5 keys must be between 1 and 512 bits\&. +.TP +\-n \fInametype\fR +Specifies the owner type of the key\&. The value of \fBnametype\fR must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with a host (KEY)), USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY)\&. These values are case insensitive\&. +.TP +\-c \fIclass\fR +Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have the specified class\&. If not specified, class IN is used\&. +.TP +\-e +If generating an RSAMD5/RSASHA1 key, use a large exponent\&. +.TP +\-f \fIflag\fR +Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record\&. The only recognized flag is KSK (Key Signing Key) DNSKEY\&. +.TP +\-g \fIgenerator\fR +If generating a Diffie Hellman key, use this generator\&. Allowed values are 2 and 5\&. If no generator is specified, a known prime from RFC 2539 will be used if possible; otherwise the default is 2\&. +.TP +\-h +Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to \fBdnssec\-keygen\fR\&. +.TP +\-k +Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records\&. +.TP +\-p \fIprotocol\fR +Sets the protocol value for the generated key\&. The protocol is a number between 0 and 255\&. The default is 3 (DNSSEC)\&. Other possible values for this argument are listed in RFC 2535 and its successors\&. +.TP +\-r \fIrandomdev\fR +Specifies the source of randomness\&. If the operating system does not provide a \fI/dev/random\fR or equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard input\&. \fIrandomdev\fR specifies the name of a character device or file containing random data to be used instead of the default\&. The special value \fIkeyboard\fR indicates that keyboard input should be used\&. +.TP +\-s \fIstrength\fR +Specifies the strength value of the key\&. The strength is a number between 0 and 15, and currently has no defined purpose in DNSSEC\&. +.TP +\-t \fItype\fR +Indicates the use of the key\&. \fBtype\fR must be one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF\&. The default is AUTHCONF\&. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data\&. +.TP +\-v \fIlevel\fR +Sets the debugging level\&. .SH "GENERATED KEYS" .PP -When \fBdnssec-keygen\fR completes successfully, -it prints a string of the form \fIKnnnn.+aaa+iiiii\fR -to the standard output. This is an identification string for -the key it has generated. These strings can be used as arguments -to \fBdnssec-makekeyset\fR. -.TP 0.2i +When \fBdnssec\-keygen\fR completes successfully, it prints a string of the form \fIKnnnn\&.+aaa+iiiii\fR to the standard output\&. This is an identification string for the key it has generated\&. These strings can be used as arguments to \fBdnssec\-makekeyset\fR\&. +.TP 3 \(bu -\fInnnn\fR is the key name. -.TP 0.2i +\fInnnn\fR is the key name\&. +.TP \(bu -\fIaaa\fR is the numeric representation of the -algorithm. -.TP 0.2i +\fIaaa\fR is the numeric representation of the algorithm\&. +.TP \(bu -\fIiiiii\fR is the key identifier (or footprint). -.PP -\fBdnssec-keygen\fR creates two file, with names based -on the printed string. \fIKnnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key\fR -contains the public key, and -\fIKnnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private\fR contains the private -key. -.PP -.PP -The \fI.key\fR file contains a DNS KEY record that -can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE -statement). -.PP +\fIiiiii\fR is the key identifier (or footprint)\&. +.LP .PP -The \fI.private\fR file contains algorithm specific -fields. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have -general read permission. +\fBdnssec\-keygen\fR creates two file, with names based on the printed string\&. \fIKnnnn\&.+aaa+iiiii\&.key\fR contains the public key, and \fIKnnnn\&.+aaa+iiiii\&.private\fR contains the private key\&. .PP +The \fI\&.key\fR file contains a DNS KEY record that can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE statement)\&. .PP -Both \fI.key\fR and \fI.private\fR -files are generated for symmetric encryption algorithm such as -HMAC-MD5, even though the public and private key are equivalent. +The \fI\&.private\fR file contains algorithm specific fields\&. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have general read permission\&. .PP +Both \fI\&.key\fR and \fI\&.private\fR files are generated for symmetric encryption algorithm such as HMAC\-MD5, even though the public and private key are equivalent\&. .SH "EXAMPLE" .PP -To generate a 768-bit DSA key for the domain -\fBexample.com\fR, the following command would be -issued: +To generate a 768\-bit DSA key for the domain \fBexample\&.com\fR, the following command would be issued: .PP -\fBdnssec-keygen -a DSA -b 768 -n ZONE example.com\fR +\fBdnssec\-keygen \-a DSA \-b 768 \-n ZONE example\&.com\fR .PP The command would print a string of the form: .PP -\fBKexample.com.+003+26160\fR +\fBKexample\&.com\&.+003+26160\fR .PP -In this example, \fBdnssec-keygen\fR creates -the files \fIKexample.com.+003+26160.key\fR and -\fIKexample.com.+003+26160.private\fR +In this example, \fBdnssec\-keygen\fR creates the files \fIKexample\&.com\&.+003+26160\&.key\fR and \fIKexample\&.com\&.+003+26160\&.private\fR .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBdnssec-signzone\fR(8), -\fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR, -\fIRFC 2535\fR, -\fIRFC 2845\fR, -\fIRFC 2539\fR. +\fBdnssec\-signzone\fR(8), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, RFC 2535, RFC 2845, RFC 2539\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP -Internet Systems Consortium +Internet Systems Consortium diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.html b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.html index e73a9515bd..5657ff10ea 100644 --- a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.html +++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-keygen.html @@ -1,588 +1,232 @@ - - - - -dnssec-keygen

dnssec-keygen

Name

dnssec-keygen -- DNSSEC key generation tool

Synopsis

dnssec-keygen {-a algorithm} {-b keysize} {-n nametype} [-c class] [-e] [-f flag] [-g generator] [-h] [-k] [-p protocol] [-r randomdev] [-s strength] [-t type] [-v level] {name}

DESCRIPTION

dnssec-keygen generates keys for DNSSEC - (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535 and RFC <TBA\>. It can also generate - keys for use with TSIG (Transaction Signatures), as - defined in RFC 2845. -

OPTIONS

-a algorithm

Selects the cryptographic algorithm. The value of - algorithm must be one of RSAMD5 (RSA) or RSASHA1, - DSA, DH (Diffie Hellman), or HMAC-MD5. These values - are case insensitive. -

Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement algorithm, - and DSA is recommended. For TSIG, HMAC-MD5 is mandatory. -

Note 2: HMAC-MD5 and DH automatically set the -k flag. -

-b keysize

Specifies the number of bits in the key. The choice of key - size depends on the algorithm used. RSAMD5 / RSASHA1 keys must be between - 512 and 2048 bits. Diffie Hellman keys must be between - 128 and 4096 bits. DSA keys must be between 512 and 1024 - bits and an exact multiple of 64. HMAC-MD5 keys must be - between 1 and 512 bits. -

-n nametype

Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of - nametype must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC - zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with a host (KEY)), - USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY). These values are - case insensitive. -

-c class

Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have - the specified class. If not specified, class IN is used. -

-e

If generating an RSAMD5/RSASHA1 key, use a large exponent. -

-f flag

Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record. - The only recognized flag is KSK (Key Signing Key) DNSKEY. -

-g generator

If generating a Diffie Hellman key, use this generator. - Allowed values are 2 and 5. If no generator - is specified, a known prime from RFC 2539 will be used - if possible; otherwise the default is 2. -

-h

Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to - dnssec-keygen. -

-k

Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records. -

-p protocol

Sets the protocol value for the generated key. The protocol - is a number between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC). - Other possible values for this argument are listed in - RFC 2535 and its successors. -

-r randomdev

Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating - system does not provide a /dev/random - or equivalent device, the default source of randomness - is keyboard input. randomdev specifies - the name of a character device or file containing random - data to be used instead of the default. The special value - keyboard indicates that keyboard - input should be used. -

-s strength

Specifies the strength value of the key. The strength is - a number between 0 and 15, and currently has no defined - purpose in DNSSEC. -

-t type

Indicates the use of the key. type must be - one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default - is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate - data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data. -

-v level

Sets the debugging level. -

GENERATED KEYS

When dnssec-keygen completes successfully, - it prints a string of the form Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii - to the standard output. This is an identification string for - the key it has generated. These strings can be used as arguments - to dnssec-makekeyset. -

  • nnnn is the key name. -

  • aaa is the numeric representation of the + + + +dnssec-keygen + + +

    +
    +
    +

    Name

    +

    dnssec-keygen — DNSSEC key generation tool

    +
    +
    +

    Synopsis

    +

    dnssec-keygen {-a algorithm} {-b keysize} {-n nametype} [-c class] [-e] [-f flag] [-g generator] [-h] [-k] [-p protocol] [-r randomdev] [-s strength] [-t type] [-v level] {name}

    +
    +
    +

    DESCRIPTION

    +

    dnssec-keygen + generates keys for DNSSEC (Secure DNS), as defined in RFC 2535 + and RFC <TBA\>. It can also generate keys for use with + TSIG (Transaction Signatures), as defined in RFC 2845. +

    +
    +
    +

    OPTIONS

    +
    +
    -a algorithm
    +
    +

    + Selects the cryptographic algorithm. The value of + algorithm must be one of RSAMD5 (RSA) or RSASHA1, + DSA, DH (Diffie Hellman), or HMAC-MD5. These values + are case insensitive. +

    +

    + Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement + algorithm, + and DSA is recommended. For TSIG, HMAC-MD5 is mandatory. +

    +

    + Note 2: HMAC-MD5 and DH automatically set the -k flag. +

    +
    +
    -b keysize
    +

    + Specifies the number of bits in the key. The choice of key + size depends on the algorithm used. RSAMD5 / RSASHA1 keys must be + between + 512 and 2048 bits. Diffie Hellman keys must be between + 128 and 4096 bits. DSA keys must be between 512 and 1024 + bits and an exact multiple of 64. HMAC-MD5 keys must be + between 1 and 512 bits. +

    +
    -n nametype
    +

    + Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of + nametype must either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC + zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY (for a key associated with + a host (KEY)), + USER (for a key associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY). + These values are + case insensitive. +

    +
    -c class
    +

    + Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have + the specified class. If not specified, class IN is used. +

    +
    -e
    +

    + If generating an RSAMD5/RSASHA1 key, use a large exponent. +

    +
    -f flag
    +

    + Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record. + The only recognized flag is KSK (Key Signing Key) DNSKEY. +

    +
    -g generator
    +

    + If generating a Diffie Hellman key, use this generator. + Allowed values are 2 and 5. If no generator + is specified, a known prime from RFC 2539 will be used + if possible; otherwise the default is 2. +

    +
    -h
    +

    + Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to + dnssec-keygen. +

    +
    -k
    +

    + Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records. +

    +
    -p protocol
    +

    + Sets the protocol value for the generated key. The protocol + is a number between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC). + Other possible values for this argument are listed in + RFC 2535 and its successors. +

    +
    -r randomdev
    +

    + Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating + system does not provide a /dev/random + or equivalent device, the default source of randomness + is keyboard input. randomdev + specifies + the name of a character device or file containing random + data to be used instead of the default. The special value + keyboard indicates that keyboard + input should be used. +

    +
    -s strength
    +

    + Specifies the strength value of the key. The strength is + a number between 0 and 15, and currently has no defined + purpose in DNSSEC. +

    +
    -t type
    +

    + Indicates the use of the key. type must be + one of AUTHCONF, NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default + is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers to the ability to authenticate + data, and CONF the ability to encrypt data. +

    +
    -v level
    +

    + Sets the debugging level. +

    +
    +
    +
    +

    GENERATED KEYS

    +

    + When dnssec-keygen completes + successfully, + it prints a string of the form Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii + to the standard output. This is an identification string for + the key it has generated. These strings can be used as arguments + to dnssec-makekeyset. +

    +
      +

    • nnnn is the key name. +

      • +

    • aaa is the numeric representation + of the algorithm. -

    • iiiii is the key identifier (or footprint). -

    dnssec-keygen creates two file, with names based - on the printed string. Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key - contains the public key, and - Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private contains the private - key. -

    The .key file contains a DNS KEY record that - can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE - statement). -

    The .private file contains algorithm specific - fields. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have - general read permission. -

    Both .key and .private - files are generated for symmetric encryption algorithm such as - HMAC-MD5, even though the public and private key are equivalent. -

    EXAMPLE

    To generate a 768-bit DSA key for the domain - example.com, the following command would be - issued: -

    dnssec-keygen -a DSA -b 768 -n ZONE example.com -

    The command would print a string of the form: -

    Kexample.com.+003+26160 -

    In this example, dnssec-keygen creates - the files Kexample.com.+003+26160.key and - Kexample.com.+003+26160.private -

    SEE ALSO

    dnssec-signzone(8), - BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, - RFC 2535, - RFC 2845, - RFC 2539. -

    AUTHOR

    Internet Systems Consortium -

    +

    • +

  • iiiii is the key identifier (or + footprint). +

    • +
+

dnssec-keygen + creates two file, with names based + on the printed string. Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key + contains the public key, and + Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private contains the + private + key. +

+

+ The .key file contains a DNS KEY record + that + can be inserted into a zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE + statement). +

+

+ The .private file contains algorithm + specific + fields. For obvious security reasons, this file does not have + general read permission. +

+

+ Both .key and .private + files are generated for symmetric encryption algorithm such as + HMAC-MD5, even though the public and private key are equivalent. +

+ +
+

EXAMPLE

+

+ To generate a 768-bit DSA key for the domain + example.com, the following command would be + issued: +

+

dnssec-keygen -a DSA -b 768 -n ZONE example.com +

+

+ The command would print a string of the form: +

+

Kexample.com.+003+26160 +

+

+ In this example, dnssec-keygen creates + the files Kexample.com.+003+26160.key + and + Kexample.com.+003+26160.private +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

dnssec-signzone(8), + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, + RFC 2535, + RFC 2845, + RFC 2539. +

+
+
+

AUTHOR

+

Internet Systems Consortium +

+
+ + diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.8 b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.8 index c0259956f0..246e198772 100644 --- a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.8 +++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.8 @@ -1,184 +1,126 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: dnssec-signzone.8,v 1.34 2005/03/23 04:27:45 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "DNSSEC-SIGNZONE" "8" "June 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "DNSSEC-SIGNZONE" 8 "June 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME dnssec-signzone \- DNSSEC zone signing tool -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBdnssec-signzone\fR [ \fB-a\fR ] [ \fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR ] [ \fB-d \fIdirectory\fB\fR ] [ \fB-e \fIend-time\fB\fR ] [ \fB-f \fIoutput-file\fB\fR ] [ \fB-g\fR ] [ \fB-h\fR ] [ \fB-k \fIkey\fB\fR ] [ \fB-l \fIdomain\fB\fR ] [ \fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR ] [ \fB-j \fIjitter\fB\fR ] [ \fB-n \fInthreads\fB\fR ] [ \fB-o \fIorigin\fB\fR ] [ \fB-p\fR ] [ \fB-r \fIrandomdev\fB\fR ] [ \fB-s \fIstart-time\fB\fR ] [ \fB-t\fR ] [ \fB-v \fIlevel\fB\fR ] [ \fB-z\fR ] \fBzonefile\fR [ \fBkey\fR\fI...\fR ] +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 16 +\fBdnssec\-signzone\fR [\fB\-a\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fIclass\fR\fR] [\fB\-d\ \fIdirectory\fR\fR] [\fB\-e\ \fIend\-time\fR\fR] [\fB\-f\ \fIoutput\-file\fR\fR] [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-h\fR] [\fB\-k\ \fIkey\fR\fR] [\fB\-l\ \fIdomain\fR\fR] [\fB\-i\ \fIinterval\fR\fR] [\fB\-j\ \fIjitter\fR\fR] [\fB\-n\ \fInthreads\fR\fR] [\fB\-o\ \fIorigin\fR\fR] [\fB\-p\fR] [\fB\-r\ \fIrandomdev\fR\fR] [\fB\-s\ \fIstart\-time\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\fR] [\fB\-v\ \fIlevel\fR\fR] [\fB\-z\fR] {zonefile} [key...] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBdnssec-signzone\fR signs a zone. It generates -NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the -zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone -(that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is -determined by the presence or absence of a -\fIkeyset\fR file for each child zone. +\fBdnssec\-signzone\fR signs a zone\&. It generates NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the zone\&. The security status of delegations from the signed zone (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is determined by the presence or absence of a \fIkeyset\fR file for each child zone\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .TP -\fB-a\fR -Verify all generated signatures. -.TP -\fB-c \fIclass\fB\fR -Specifies the DNS class of the zone. -.TP -\fB-k \fIkey\fB\fR -Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any -key flags. This option may be specified multiple times. -.TP -\fB-l \fIdomain\fB\fR -Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets. -The domain is appended to the name of the records. -.TP -\fB-d \fIdirectory\fB\fR -Look for \fIkeyset\fR files in -\fBdirectory\fR as the directory -.TP -\fB-g\fR -Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files. -Existing DS records will be removed. -.TP -\fB-s \fIstart-time\fB\fR -Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records -become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative -time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number -in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes -14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is -indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time. -If no \fBstart-time\fR is specified, the current -time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used. -.TP -\fB-e \fIend-time\fB\fR -Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records -expire. As with \fBstart-time\fR, an absolute -time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative -to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from -the start time. A time relative to the current time is -indicated with now+N. If no \fBend-time\fR is -specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default. -.TP -\fB-f \fIoutput-file\fB\fR -The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The -default is to append \fI.signed\fR to the -input file. -.TP -\fB-h\fR -Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to -\fBdnssec-signzone\fR. -.TP -\fB-i \fIinterval\fB\fR -When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records -may be resigned. The \fBinterval\fR option -specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current -time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the -cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered -to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced. - -The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference -between the signature end and start times. So if neither -\fBend-time\fR or \fBstart-time\fR -are specified, \fBdnssec-signzone\fR generates -signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle -interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records -are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be -replaced. -.TP -\fB\fR -When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all -RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires -simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e. -a previously signed zone is passed as input to the signer, -all expired signatures has to be regenerated at about the -same time. The \fBjitter\fR option specifies a -jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature -expire time, thus spreading incremental signature -regeneration over time. - -Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits -validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration, -i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time -from all caches there will be less congestion than if all -validators need to refetch at mostly the same time. -.TP -\fB-n \fIncpus\fB\fR -Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one -thread is started for each detected CPU. -.TP -\fB-o \fIorigin\fB\fR -The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file -is assumed to be the origin. -.TP -\fB-p\fR -Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster, -but less secure, than using real random data. This option -may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy -source is limited. -.TP -\fB-r \fIrandomdev\fB\fR -Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating -system does not provide a \fI/dev/random\fR -or equivalent device, the default source of randomness -is keyboard input. \fIrandomdev\fR specifies -the name of a character device or file containing random -data to be used instead of the default. The special value -\fIkeyboard\fR indicates that keyboard -input should be used. -.TP -\fB-t\fR -Print statistics at completion. -.TP -\fB-v \fIlevel\fB\fR -Sets the debugging level. -.TP -\fB-z\fR -Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. -.TP -\fBzonefile\fR -The file containing the zone to be signed. -Sets the debugging level. -.TP -\fBkey\fR -The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the -default all zone keys that have private key files in the -current directory. +\-a +Verify all generated signatures\&. +.TP +\-c \fIclass\fR +Specifies the DNS class of the zone\&. +.TP +\-k \fIkey\fR +Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any key flags\&. This option may be specified multiple times\&. +.TP +\-l \fIdomain\fR +Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets\&. The domain is appended to the name of the records\&. +.TP +\-d \fIdirectory\fR +Look for \fIkeyset\fR files in \fBdirectory\fR as the directory +.TP +\-g +Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files\&. Existing DS records will be removed\&. +.TP +\-s \fIstart\-time\fR +Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records become valid\&. This can be either an absolute or relative time\&. An absolute start time is indicated by a number in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000\&. A relative start time is indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time\&. If no \fBstart\-time\fR is specified, the current time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used\&. +.TP +\-e \fIend\-time\fR +Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records expire\&. As with \fBstart\-time\fR, an absolute time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation\&. A time relative to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from the start time\&. A time relative to the current time is indicated with now+N\&. If no \fBend\-time\fR is specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default\&. +.TP +\-f \fIoutput\-file\fR +The name of the output file containing the signed zone\&. The default is to append \fI\&.signed\fR to the input file\&. +.TP +\-h +Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to \fBdnssec\-signzone\fR\&. +.TP +\-i \fIinterval\fR +When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records may be resigned\&. The \fBinterval\fR option specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current time (in seconds)\&. If a RRSIG record expires after the cycle interval, it is retained\&. Otherwise, it is considered to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced\&. +The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference between the signature end and start times\&. So if neither \fBend\-time\fR or \fBstart\-time\fR are specified, \fBdnssec\-signzone\fR generates signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle interval of 7\&.5 days\&. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records are due to expire in less than 7\&.5 days, they would be replaced\&. +.TP +\-j \fIjitter\fR +When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires simultaneously\&. If the zone is incrementally signed, i\&.e\&. a previously signed zone is passed as input to the signer, all expired signatures has to be regenerated at about the same time\&. The \fBjitter\fR option specifies a jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature expire time, thus spreading incremental signature regeneration over time\&. +Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration, i\&.e\&. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time from all caches there will be less congestion than if all validators need to refetch at mostly the same time\&. +.TP +\-n \fIncpus\fR +Specifies the number of threads to use\&. By default, one thread is started for each detected CPU\&. +.TP +\-o \fIorigin\fR +The zone origin\&. If not specified, the name of the zone file is assumed to be the origin\&. +.TP +\-p +Use pseudo\-random data when signing the zone\&. This is faster, but less secure, than using real random data\&. This option may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy source is limited\&. +.TP +\-r \fIrandomdev\fR +Specifies the source of randomness\&. If the operating system does not provide a \fI/dev/random\fR or equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard input\&. \fIrandomdev\fR specifies the name of a character device or file containing random data to be used instead of the default\&. The special value \fIkeyboard\fR indicates that keyboard input should be used\&. +.TP +\-t +Print statistics at completion\&. +.TP +\-v \fIlevel\fR +Sets the debugging level\&. +.TP +\-z +Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign\&. +.TP +zonefile +The file containing the zone to be signed\&. Sets the debugging level\&. +.TP +key +The keys used to sign the zone\&. If no keys are specified, the default all zone keys that have private key files in the current directory\&. .SH "EXAMPLE" .PP -The following command signs the \fBexample.com\fR -zone with the DSA key generated in the \fBdnssec-keygen\fR -man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are -\fIkeyset\fR files associated with child zones, -they must be in the current directory. -\fBexample.com\fR, the following command would be -issued: +The following command signs the \fBexample\&.com\fR zone with the DSA key generated in the \fBdnssec\-keygen\fR man page\&. The zone's keys must be in the zone\&. If there are \fIkeyset\fR files associated with child zones, they must be in the current directory\&. \fBexample\&.com\fR, the following command would be issued: .PP -\fBdnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com Kexample.com.+003+26160\fR +\fBdnssec\-signzone \-o example\&.com db\&.example\&.com Kexample\&.com\&.+003+26160\fR .PP The command would print a string of the form: .PP -In this example, \fBdnssec-signzone\fR creates -the file \fIdb.example.com.signed\fR. This file -should be referenced in a zone statement in a -\fInamed.conf\fR file. +In this example, \fBdnssec\-signzone\fR creates the file \fIdb\&.example\&.com\&.signed\fR\&. This file should be referenced in a zone statement in a \fInamed\&.conf\fR file\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBdnssec-keygen\fR(8), -\fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR, -\fIRFC 2535\fR. +\fBdnssec\-keygen\fR(8), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, RFC 2535\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP -Internet Systems Consortium +Internet Systems Consortium diff --git a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html index 8725760f2b..e79108d06f 100644 --- a/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html +++ b/bin/dnssec/dnssec-signzone.html @@ -1,634 +1,244 @@ - - - - -dnssec-signzone

dnssec-signzone

Name

dnssec-signzone -- DNSSEC zone signing tool

Synopsis

dnssec-signzone [-a] [-c class] [-d directory] [-e end-time] [-f output-file] [-g] [-h] [-k key] [-l domain] [-i interval] [-j jitter] [-n nthreads] [-o origin] [-p] [-r randomdev] [-s start-time] [-t] [-v level] [-z] {zonefile} [key...]

DESCRIPTION

dnssec-signzone signs a zone. It generates - NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the - zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone - (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is - determined by the presence or absence of a - keyset file for each child zone. -

OPTIONS

-a

Verify all generated signatures. -

-c class

Specifies the DNS class of the zone. -

-k key

Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any - key flags. This option may be specified multiple times. -

-l domain

Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets. - The domain is appended to the name of the records. -

-d directory

Look for keyset files in - directory as the directory -

-g

Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files. - Existing DS records will be removed. -

-s start-time

Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records - become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative - time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number - in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes - 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is - indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time. - If no start-time is specified, the current - time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used. -

-e end-time

Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records - expire. As with start-time, an absolute - time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative - to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from - the start time. A time relative to the current time is - indicated with now+N. If no end-time is - specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default. -

-f output-file

The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The - default is to append .signed to the - input file. -

-h

Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to - dnssec-signzone. -

-i interval

When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records - may be resigned. The interval option - specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current - time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the - cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered - to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced. -

The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference - between the signature end and start times. So if neither - end-time or start-time - are specified, dnssec-signzone generates - signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle - interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records - are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be - replaced. -

When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all - RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires - simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e. - a previously signed zone is passed as input to the signer, - all expired signatures has to be regenerated at about the - same time. The jitter option specifies a - jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature - expire time, thus spreading incremental signature - regeneration over time. -

Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits - validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration, - i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time - from all caches there will be less congestion than if all - validators need to refetch at mostly the same time. -

-n ncpus

Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one - thread is started for each detected CPU. -

-o origin

The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file - is assumed to be the origin. -

-p

Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster, - but less secure, than using real random data. This option - may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy - source is limited. -

-r randomdev

Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating - system does not provide a /dev/random - or equivalent device, the default source of randomness - is keyboard input. randomdev specifies - the name of a character device or file containing random - data to be used instead of the default. The special value - keyboard indicates that keyboard - input should be used. -

-t

Print statistics at completion. -

-v level

Sets the debugging level. -

-z

Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. -

zonefile

The file containing the zone to be signed. - Sets the debugging level. -

key

The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the - default all zone keys that have private key files in the - current directory. -

EXAMPLE

The following command signs the example.com - zone with the DSA key generated in the dnssec-keygen - man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are - keyset files associated with child zones, - they must be in the current directory. - example.com, the following command would be - issued: -

dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com Kexample.com.+003+26160 -

The command would print a string of the form: -

In this example, dnssec-signzone creates - the file db.example.com.signed. This file - should be referenced in a zone statement in a - named.conf file. -

SEE ALSO

dnssec-keygen(8), - BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, - RFC 2535. -

AUTHOR

Internet Systems Consortium -

+ + + +dnssec-signzone + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

dnssec-signzone — DNSSEC zone signing tool

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

dnssec-signzone [-a] [-c class] [-d directory] [-e end-time] [-f output-file] [-g] [-h] [-k key] [-l domain] [-i interval] [-j jitter] [-n nthreads] [-o origin] [-p] [-r randomdev] [-s start-time] [-t] [-v level] [-z] {zonefile} [key...]

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

dnssec-signzone + signs a zone. It generates + NSEC and RRSIG records and produces a signed version of the + zone. The security status of delegations from the signed zone + (that is, whether the child zones are secure or not) is + determined by the presence or absence of a + keyset file for each child zone. +

+
+
+

OPTIONS

+
+
-a
+

+ Verify all generated signatures. +

+
-c class
+

+ Specifies the DNS class of the zone. +

+
-k key
+

+ Treat specified key as a key signing key ignoring any + key flags. This option may be specified multiple times. +

+
-l domain
+

+ Generate a DLV set in addition to the key (DNSKEY) and DS sets. + The domain is appended to the name of the records. +

+
-d directory
+

+ Look for keyset files in + directory as the directory +

+
-g
+

+ Generate DS records for child zones from keyset files. + Existing DS records will be removed. +

+
-s start-time
+

+ Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records + become valid. This can be either an absolute or relative + time. An absolute start time is indicated by a number + in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation; 20000530144500 denotes + 14:45:00 UTC on May 30th, 2000. A relative start time is + indicated by +N, which is N seconds from the current time. + If no start-time is specified, the current + time minus 1 hour (to allow for clock skew) is used. +

+
-e end-time
+

+ Specify the date and time when the generated RRSIG records + expire. As with start-time, an absolute + time is indicated in YYYYMMDDHHMMSS notation. A time relative + to the start time is indicated with +N, which is N seconds from + the start time. A time relative to the current time is + indicated with now+N. If no end-time is + specified, 30 days from the start time is used as a default. +

+
-f output-file
+

+ The name of the output file containing the signed zone. The + default is to append .signed to + the + input file. +

+
-h
+

+ Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to + dnssec-signzone. +

+
-i interval
+
+

+ When a previously signed zone is passed as input, records + may be resigned. The interval option + specifies the cycle interval as an offset from the current + time (in seconds). If a RRSIG record expires after the + cycle interval, it is retained. Otherwise, it is considered + to be expiring soon, and it will be replaced. +

+

+ The default cycle interval is one quarter of the difference + between the signature end and start times. So if neither + end-time or start-time + are specified, dnssec-signzone + generates + signatures that are valid for 30 days, with a cycle + interval of 7.5 days. Therefore, if any existing RRSIG records + are due to expire in less than 7.5 days, they would be + replaced. +

+
+
-j jitter
+
+

+ When signing a zone with a fixed signature lifetime, all + RRSIG records issued at the time of signing expires + simultaneously. If the zone is incrementally signed, i.e. + a previously signed zone is passed as input to the signer, + all expired signatures has to be regenerated at about the + same time. The jitter option specifies a + jitter window that will be used to randomize the signature + expire time, thus spreading incremental signature + regeneration over time. +

+

+ Signature lifetime jitter also to some extent benefits + validators and servers by spreading out cache expiration, + i.e. if large numbers of RRSIGs don't expire at the same time + from all caches there will be less congestion than if all + validators need to refetch at mostly the same time. +

+
+
-n ncpus
+

+ Specifies the number of threads to use. By default, one + thread is started for each detected CPU. +

+
-o origin
+

+ The zone origin. If not specified, the name of the zone file + is assumed to be the origin. +

+
-p
+

+ Use pseudo-random data when signing the zone. This is faster, + but less secure, than using real random data. This option + may be useful when signing large zones or when the entropy + source is limited. +

+
-r randomdev
+

+ Specifies the source of randomness. If the operating + system does not provide a /dev/random + or equivalent device, the default source of randomness + is keyboard input. randomdev + specifies + the name of a character device or file containing random + data to be used instead of the default. The special value + keyboard indicates that keyboard + input should be used. +

+
-t
+

+ Print statistics at completion. +

+
-v level
+

+ Sets the debugging level. +

+
-z
+

+ Ignore KSK flag on key when determining what to sign. +

+
zonefile
+

+ The file containing the zone to be signed. + Sets the debugging level. +

+
key
+

+ The keys used to sign the zone. If no keys are specified, the + default all zone keys that have private key files in the + current directory. +

+
+
+
+

EXAMPLE

+

+ The following command signs the example.com + zone with the DSA key generated in the dnssec-keygen + man page. The zone's keys must be in the zone. If there are + keyset files associated with child + zones, + they must be in the current directory. + example.com, the following command would be + issued: +

+

dnssec-signzone -o example.com db.example.com + Kexample.com.+003+26160 +

+

+ The command would print a string of the form: +

+

+ In this example, dnssec-signzone creates + the file db.example.com.signed. This + file + should be referenced in a zone statement in a + named.conf file. +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

dnssec-keygen(8), + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual, + RFC 2535. +

+
+
+

AUTHOR

+

Internet Systems Consortium +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/named/lwresd.8 b/bin/named/lwresd.8 index fe81df5b3d..4aa81c852d 100644 --- a/bin/named/lwresd.8 +++ b/bin/named/lwresd.8 @@ -1,140 +1,106 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: lwresd.8,v 1.18 2004/06/03 04:12:37 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "LWRESD" "8" "June 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "LWRESD" 8 "June 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME lwresd \- lightweight resolver daemon -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBlwresd\fR [ \fB-C \fIconfig-file\fB\fR ] [ \fB-d \fIdebug-level\fB\fR ] [ \fB-f\fR ] [ \fB-g\fR ] [ \fB-i \fIpid-file\fB\fR ] [ \fB-n \fI#cpus\fB\fR ] [ \fB-P \fIport\fB\fR ] [ \fB-p \fIport\fB\fR ] [ \fB-s\fR ] [ \fB-t \fIdirectory\fB\fR ] [ \fB-u \fIuser\fB\fR ] [ \fB-v\fR ] +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 7 +\fBlwresd\fR [\fB\-C\ \fIconfig\-file\fR\fR] [\fB\-d\ \fIdebug\-level\fR\fR] [\fB\-f\fR] [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-i\ \fIpid\-file\fR\fR] [\fB\-n\ \fI#cpus\fR\fR] [\fB\-P\ \fIport\fR\fR] [\fB\-p\ \fIport\fR\fR] [\fB\-s\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fIdirectory\fR\fR] [\fB\-u\ \fIuser\fR\fR] [\fB\-v\fR] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBlwresd\fR is the daemon providing name lookup -services to clients that use the BIND 9 lightweight resolver -library. It is essentially a stripped-down, caching-only name -server that answers queries using the BIND 9 lightweight -resolver protocol rather than the DNS protocol. +\fBlwresd\fR is the daemon providing name lookup services to clients that use the BIND 9 lightweight resolver library\&. It is essentially a stripped\-down, caching\-only name server that answers queries using the BIND 9 lightweight resolver protocol rather than the DNS protocol\&. .PP -\fBlwresd\fR listens for resolver queries on a -UDP port on the IPv4 loopback interface, 127.0.0.1. This -means that \fBlwresd\fR can only be used by -processes running on the local machine. By default UDP port -number 921 is used for lightweight resolver requests and -responses. +\fBlwresd\fR listens for resolver queries on a UDP port on the IPv4 loopback interface, 127\&.0\&.0\&.1\&. This means that \fBlwresd\fR can only be used by processes running on the local machine\&. By default UDP port number 921 is used for lightweight resolver requests and responses\&. .PP -Incoming lightweight resolver requests are decoded by the -server which then resolves them using the DNS protocol. When -the DNS lookup completes, \fBlwresd\fR encodes -the answers in the lightweight resolver format and returns -them to the client that made the request. +Incoming lightweight resolver requests are decoded by the server which then resolves them using the DNS protocol\&. When the DNS lookup completes, \fBlwresd\fR encodes the answers in the lightweight resolver format and returns them to the client that made the request\&. .PP -If \fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR contains any -\fBnameserver\fR entries, \fBlwresd\fR -sends recursive DNS queries to those servers. This is similar -to the use of forwarders in a caching name server. If no -\fBnameserver\fR entries are present, or if -forwarding fails, \fBlwresd\fR resolves the -queries autonomously starting at the root name servers, using -a built-in list of root server hints. +If \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR contains any \fBnameserver\fR entries, \fBlwresd\fR sends recursive DNS queries to those servers\&. This is similar to the use of forwarders in a caching name server\&. If no \fBnameserver\fR entries are present, or if forwarding fails, \fBlwresd\fR resolves the queries autonomously starting at the root name servers, using a built\-in list of root server hints\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .TP -\fB-C \fIconfig-file\fB\fR -Use \fIconfig-file\fR as the -configuration file instead of the default, -\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fR. +\-C \fIconfig\-file\fR +Use \fIconfig\-file\fR as the configuration file instead of the default, \fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR\&. .TP -\fB-d \fIdebug-level\fB\fR -Set the daemon's debug level to \fIdebug-level\fR. -Debugging traces from \fBlwresd\fR become -more verbose as the debug level increases. +\-d \fIdebug\-level\fR +Set the daemon's debug level to \fIdebug\-level\fR\&. Debugging traces from \fBlwresd\fR become more verbose as the debug level increases\&. .TP -\fB-f\fR -Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). +\-f +Run the server in the foreground (i\&.e\&. do not daemonize)\&. .TP -\fB-g\fR -Run the server in the foreground and force all logging -to \fIstderr\fR. +\-g +Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to \fIstderr\fR\&. .TP -\fB-n \fI#cpus\fB\fR -Create \fI#cpus\fR worker threads -to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, -\fBlwresd\fR will try to determine the -number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. -If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a -single worker thread will be created. +\-n \fI#cpus\fR +Create \fI#cpus\fR worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs\&. If not specified, \fBlwresd\fR will try to determine the number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU\&. If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created\&. .TP -\fB-P \fIport\fB\fR -Listen for lightweight resolver queries on port -\fIport\fR. If -not specified, the default is port 921. +\-P \fIport\fR +Listen for lightweight resolver queries on port \fIport\fR\&. If not specified, the default is port 921\&. .TP -\fB-p \fIport\fB\fR -Send DNS lookups to port \fIport\fR. If not -specified, the default is port 53. This provides a -way of testing the lightweight resolver daemon with a -name server that listens for queries on a non-standard -port number. +\-p \fIport\fR +Send DNS lookups to port \fIport\fR\&. If not specified, the default is port 53\&. This provides a way of testing the lightweight resolver daemon with a name server that listens for queries on a non\-standard port number\&. .TP -\fB-s\fR -Write memory usage statistics to \fIstdout\fR -on exit. -.sp +\-s +Write memory usage statistics to \fIstdout\fR on exit\&. .RS .B "Note:" -This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers -and may be removed or changed in a future release. +This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release\&. .RE -.sp .TP -\fB-t \fIdirectory\fB\fR -\fBchroot()\fR to \fIdirectory\fR after -processing the command line arguments, but before -reading the configuration file. -.sp +\-t \fIdirectory\fR +\fBchroot()\fR to \fIdirectory\fR after processing the command line arguments, but before reading the configuration file\&. .RS .B "Warning:" -This option should be used in conjunction with the -\fB-u\fR option, as chrooting a process -running as root doesn't enhance security on most -systems; the way \fBchroot()\fR is -defined allows a process with root privileges to -escape a chroot jail. +This option should be used in conjunction with the \fB\-u\fR option, as chrooting a process running as root doesn't enhance security on most systems; the way \fBchroot()\fR is defined allows a process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail\&. .RE -.sp .TP -\fB-u \fIuser\fB\fR -\fBsetuid()\fR to \fIuser\fR after completing -privileged operations, such as creating sockets that -listen on privileged ports. +\-u \fIuser\fR +\fBsetuid()\fR to \fIuser\fR after completing privileged operations, such as creating sockets that listen on privileged ports\&. .TP -\fB-v\fR -Report the version number and exit. +\-v +Report the version number and exit\&. .SH "FILES" .TP -\fB\fI/etc/resolv.conf\fB\fR -The default configuration file. +\fI/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR +The default configuration file\&. .TP -\fB\fI/var/run/lwresd.pid\fB\fR -The default process-id file. +\fI/var/run/lwresd\&.pid\fR +The default process\-id file\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBnamed\fR(8), -\fBlwres\fR(3), -\fBresolver\fR(5). +\fBnamed\fR(8), \fBlwres\fR(3), \fBresolver\fR(5)\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP -Internet Systems Consortium +Internet Systems Consortium diff --git a/bin/named/lwresd.html b/bin/named/lwresd.html index 6e56e440c1..08d70e1347 100644 --- a/bin/named/lwresd.html +++ b/bin/named/lwresd.html @@ -1,541 +1,186 @@ - - - - -lwresd

lwresd

Name

lwresd -- lightweight resolver daemon

Synopsis

lwresd [-C config-file] [-d debug-level] [-f] [-g] [-i pid-file] [-n #cpus] [-P port] [-p port] [-s] [-t directory] [-u user] [-v]

DESCRIPTION

lwresd is the daemon providing name lookup - services to clients that use the BIND 9 lightweight resolver - library. It is essentially a stripped-down, caching-only name - server that answers queries using the BIND 9 lightweight - resolver protocol rather than the DNS protocol. -

lwresd listens for resolver queries on a - UDP port on the IPv4 loopback interface, 127.0.0.1. This - means that lwresd can only be used by - processes running on the local machine. By default UDP port - number 921 is used for lightweight resolver requests and - responses. -

Incoming lightweight resolver requests are decoded by the - server which then resolves them using the DNS protocol. When - the DNS lookup completes, lwresd encodes - the answers in the lightweight resolver format and returns - them to the client that made the request. -

If /etc/resolv.conf contains any - nameserver entries, lwresd - sends recursive DNS queries to those servers. This is similar - to the use of forwarders in a caching name server. If no - nameserver entries are present, or if - forwarding fails, lwresd resolves the - queries autonomously starting at the root name servers, using - a built-in list of root server hints. -

OPTIONS

-C config-file

Use config-file as the - configuration file instead of the default, - /etc/resolv.conf. -

-d debug-level

Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level. - Debugging traces from lwresd become - more verbose as the debug level increases. -

-f

Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). -

-g

Run the server in the foreground and force all logging - to stderr. -

-n #cpus

Create #cpus worker threads - to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, - lwresd will try to determine the - number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. - If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a - single worker thread will be created. -

-P port

Listen for lightweight resolver queries on port - port. If - not specified, the default is port 921. -

-p port

Send DNS lookups to port port. If not - specified, the default is port 53. This provides a - way of testing the lightweight resolver daemon with a - name server that listens for queries on a non-standard - port number. -

-s

Write memory usage statistics to stdout - on exit. -

Note: This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers - and may be removed or changed in a future release. -

-t directory

chroot() to directory after - processing the command line arguments, but before - reading the configuration file. -

Warning

This option should be used in conjunction with the - -u option, as chrooting a process - running as root doesn't enhance security on most - systems; the way chroot() is - defined allows a process with root privileges to - escape a chroot jail. -

-u user

setuid() to user after completing - privileged operations, such as creating sockets that - listen on privileged ports. -

-v

Report the version number and exit. -

FILES

/etc/resolv.conf

The default configuration file. -

/var/run/lwresd.pid

The default process-id file. -

SEE ALSO

named(8), - lwres(3), - resolver(5). -

AUTHOR

Internet Systems Consortium -

+ + + +lwresd + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

lwresd — lightweight resolver daemon

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

lwresd [-C config-file] [-d debug-level] [-f] [-g] [-i pid-file] [-n #cpus] [-P port] [-p port] [-s] [-t directory] [-u user] [-v]

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

lwresd + is the daemon providing name lookup + services to clients that use the BIND 9 lightweight resolver + library. It is essentially a stripped-down, caching-only name + server that answers queries using the BIND 9 lightweight + resolver protocol rather than the DNS protocol. +

+

lwresd + listens for resolver queries on a + UDP port on the IPv4 loopback interface, 127.0.0.1. This + means that lwresd can only be used by + processes running on the local machine. By default UDP port + number 921 is used for lightweight resolver requests and + responses. +

+

+ Incoming lightweight resolver requests are decoded by the + server which then resolves them using the DNS protocol. When + the DNS lookup completes, lwresd encodes + the answers in the lightweight resolver format and returns + them to the client that made the request. +

+

+ If /etc/resolv.conf contains any + nameserver entries, lwresd + sends recursive DNS queries to those servers. This is similar + to the use of forwarders in a caching name server. If no + nameserver entries are present, or if + forwarding fails, lwresd resolves the + queries autonomously starting at the root name servers, using + a built-in list of root server hints. +

+
+
+

OPTIONS

+
+
-C config-file
+

+ Use config-file as the + configuration file instead of the default, + /etc/resolv.conf. +

+
-d debug-level
+

+ Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level. + Debugging traces from lwresd become + more verbose as the debug level increases. +

+
-f
+

+ Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). +

+
-g
+

+ Run the server in the foreground and force all logging + to stderr. +

+
-n #cpus
+

+ Create #cpus worker threads + to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, + lwresd will try to determine the + number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. + If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a + single worker thread will be created. +

+
-P port
+

+ Listen for lightweight resolver queries on port + port. If + not specified, the default is port 921. +

+
-p port
+

+ Send DNS lookups to port port. If not + specified, the default is port 53. This provides a + way of testing the lightweight resolver daemon with a + name server that listens for queries on a non-standard + port number. +

+
-s
+
+

+ Write memory usage statistics to stdout + on exit. +

+
+

Note

+

+ This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers + and may be removed or changed in a future release. +

+
+
+
-t directory
+
+

chroot() + to directory after + processing the command line arguments, but before + reading the configuration file. +

+
+

Warning

+

+ This option should be used in conjunction with the + -u option, as chrooting a process + running as root doesn't enhance security on most + systems; the way chroot() is + defined allows a process with root privileges to + escape a chroot jail. +

+
+
+
-u user
+

setuid() + to user after completing + privileged operations, such as creating sockets that + listen on privileged ports. +

+
-v
+

+ Report the version number and exit. +

+
+
+
+

FILES

+
+
/etc/resolv.conf
+

+ The default configuration file. +

+
/var/run/lwresd.pid
+

+ The default process-id file. +

+
+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

named(8), + lwres(3), + resolver(5). +

+
+
+

AUTHOR

+

Internet Systems Consortium +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/named/named.8 b/bin/named/named.8 index 2109bbef7e..fcd67ffb2d 100644 --- a/bin/named/named.8 +++ b/bin/named/named.8 @@ -1,177 +1,130 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: named.8,v 1.23 2004/06/03 04:12:37 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "NAMED" "8" "June 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "NAMED" 8 "June 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME named \- Internet domain name server -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBnamed\fR [ \fB-4\fR ] [ \fB-6\fR ] [ \fB-c \fIconfig-file\fB\fR ] [ \fB-d \fIdebug-level\fB\fR ] [ \fB-f\fR ] [ \fB-g\fR ] [ \fB-n \fI#cpus\fB\fR ] [ \fB-p \fIport\fB\fR ] [ \fB-s\fR ] [ \fB-t \fIdirectory\fB\fR ] [ \fB-u \fIuser\fB\fR ] [ \fB-v\fR ] [ \fB-x \fIcache-file\fB\fR ] +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 6 +\fBnamed\fR [\fB\-4\fR] [\fB\-6\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fIconfig\-file\fR\fR] [\fB\-d\ \fIdebug\-level\fR\fR] [\fB\-f\fR] [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-n\ \fI#cpus\fR\fR] [\fB\-p\ \fIport\fR\fR] [\fB\-s\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fIdirectory\fR\fR] [\fB\-u\ \fIuser\fR\fR] [\fB\-v\fR] [\fB\-x\ \fIcache\-file\fR\fR] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBnamed\fR is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, -part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more -information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. +\fBnamed\fR is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC\&. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035\&. .PP -When invoked without arguments, \fBnamed\fR will -read the default configuration file -\fI/etc/named.conf\fR, read any initial -data, and listen for queries. +When invoked without arguments, \fBnamed\fR will read the default configuration file \fI/etc/named\&.conf\fR, read any initial data, and listen for queries\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .TP -\fB-4\fR -Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. -\fB-4\fR and \fB-6\fR are mutually -exclusive. -.TP -\fB-6\fR -Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. -\fB-4\fR and \fB-6\fR are mutually -exclusive. -.TP -\fB-c \fIconfig-file\fB\fR -Use \fIconfig-file\fR as the -configuration file instead of the default, -\fI/etc/named.conf\fR. To -ensure that reloading the configuration file continues -to work after the server has changed its working -directory due to to a possible -\fBdirectory\fR option in the configuration -file, \fIconfig-file\fR should be -an absolute pathname. -.TP -\fB-d \fIdebug-level\fB\fR -Set the daemon's debug level to \fIdebug-level\fR. -Debugging traces from \fBnamed\fR become -more verbose as the debug level increases. -.TP -\fB-f\fR -Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). -.TP -\fB-g\fR -Run the server in the foreground and force all logging -to \fIstderr\fR. -.TP -\fB-n \fI#cpus\fB\fR -Create \fI#cpus\fR worker threads -to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, -\fBnamed\fR will try to determine the -number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. -If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a -single worker thread will be created. -.TP -\fB-p \fIport\fB\fR -Listen for queries on port \fIport\fR. If not -specified, the default is port 53. -.TP -\fB-s\fR -Write memory usage statistics to \fIstdout\fR on exit. -.sp +\-4 +Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6\&. \fB\-4\fR and \fB\-6\fR are mutually exclusive\&. +.TP +\-6 +Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4\&. \fB\-4\fR and \fB\-6\fR are mutually exclusive\&. +.TP +\-c \fIconfig\-file\fR +Use \fIconfig\-file\fR as the configuration file instead of the default, \fI/etc/named\&.conf\fR\&. To ensure that reloading the configuration file continues to work after the server has changed its working directory due to to a possible \fBdirectory\fR option in the configuration file, \fIconfig\-file\fR should be an absolute pathname\&. +.TP +\-d \fIdebug\-level\fR +Set the daemon's debug level to \fIdebug\-level\fR\&. Debugging traces from \fBnamed\fR become more verbose as the debug level increases\&. +.TP +\-f +Run the server in the foreground (i\&.e\&. do not daemonize)\&. +.TP +\-g +Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to \fIstderr\fR\&. +.TP +\-n \fI#cpus\fR +Create \fI#cpus\fR worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs\&. If not specified, \fBnamed\fR will try to determine the number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU\&. If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created\&. +.TP +\-p \fIport\fR +Listen for queries on port \fIport\fR\&. If not specified, the default is port 53\&. +.TP +\-s +Write memory usage statistics to \fIstdout\fR on exit\&. .RS .B "Note:" -This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers -and may be removed or changed in a future release. +This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release\&. .RE -.sp .TP -\fB-t \fIdirectory\fB\fR -\fBchroot()\fR to \fIdirectory\fR after -processing the command line arguments, but before -reading the configuration file. -.sp +\-t \fIdirectory\fR +\fBchroot()\fR to \fIdirectory\fR after processing the command line arguments, but before reading the configuration file\&. .RS .B "Warning:" -This option should be used in conjunction with the -\fB-u\fR option, as chrooting a process -running as root doesn't enhance security on most -systems; the way \fBchroot()\fR is -defined allows a process with root privileges to -escape a chroot jail. +This option should be used in conjunction with the \fB\-u\fR option, as chrooting a process running as root doesn't enhance security on most systems; the way \fBchroot()\fR is defined allows a process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail\&. .RE -.sp .TP -\fB-u \fIuser\fB\fR -\fBsetuid()\fR to \fIuser\fR after completing -privileged operations, such as creating sockets that -listen on privileged ports. -.sp +\-u \fIuser\fR +\fBsetuid()\fR to \fIuser\fR after completing privileged operations, such as creating sockets that listen on privileged ports\&. .RS .B "Note:" -On Linux, \fBnamed\fR uses the kernel's -capability mechanism to drop all root privileges -except the ability to \fBbind()\fR to a -privileged port and set process resource limits. -Unfortunately, this means that the \fB-u\fR -option only works when \fBnamed\fR is run -on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or -later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges -to be retained after \fBsetuid()\fR. +On Linux, \fBnamed\fR uses the kernel's capability mechanism to drop all root privileges except the ability to \fBbind()\fR to a privileged port and set process resource limits\&. Unfortunately, this means that the \fB\-u\fR option only works when \fBnamed\fR is run on kernel 2\&.2\&.18 or later, or kernel 2\&.3\&.99\-pre3 or later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges to be retained after \fBsetuid()\fR\&. .RE -.sp .TP -\fB-v\fR -Report the version number and exit. +\-v +Report the version number and exit\&. .TP -\fB-x \fIcache-file\fB\fR -Load data from \fIcache-file\fR into the -cache of the default view. -.sp +\-x \fIcache\-file\fR +Load data from \fIcache\-file\fR into the cache of the default view\&. .RS .B "Warning:" -This option must not be used. It is only of interest -to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a -future release. +This option must not be used\&. It is only of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release\&. .RE -.sp .SH "SIGNALS" .PP -In routine operation, signals should not be used to control -the nameserver; \fBrndc\fR should be used -instead. +In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver; \fBrndc\fR should be used instead\&. .TP -\fBSIGHUP\fR -Force a reload of the server. +SIGHUP +Force a reload of the server\&. .TP -\fBSIGINT, SIGTERM\fR -Shut down the server. -.PP -The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined. +SIGINT, SIGTERM +Shut down the server\&. .PP +The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined\&. .SH "CONFIGURATION" .PP -The \fBnamed\fR configuration file is too complex -to describe in detail here. A complete description is -provided in the \fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference -Manual\fR. +The \fBnamed\fR configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here\&. A complete description is provided in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&. .SH "FILES" .TP -\fB\fI/etc/named.conf\fB\fR -The default configuration file. +\fI/etc/named\&.conf\fR +The default configuration file\&. .TP -\fB\fI/var/run/named.pid\fB\fR -The default process-id file. +\fI/var/run/named\&.pid\fR +The default process\-id file\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fIRFC 1033\fR, -\fIRFC 1034\fR, -\fIRFC 1035\fR, -\fBrndc\fR(8), -\fBlwresd\fR(8), -\fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR. +RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, \fBrndc\fR(8), \fBlwresd\fR(8), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP -Internet Systems Consortium +Internet Systems Consortium diff --git a/bin/named/named.conf.5 b/bin/named/named.conf.5 index a4762ac817..f746400964 100644 --- a/bin/named/named.conf.5 +++ b/bin/named/named.conf.5 @@ -1,32 +1,47 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: named.conf.5,v 1.8 2005/01/17 01:55:05 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "NAMED.CONF" "5" "Aug 13, 2004" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "NAMED.CONF" 5 "Aug 13, 2004" "" "" .SH NAME named.conf \- configuration file for named -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBnamed.conf\fR +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 11 +\fBnamed\&.conf\fR .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fInamed.conf\fR is the configuration file for -\fBnamed\fR. Statements are enclosed -in braces and terminated with a semi-colon. Clauses in -the statements are also semi-colon terminated. The usual -comment styles are supported: +\fInamed\&.conf\fR is the configuration file for \fBnamed\fR\&. Statements are enclosed in braces and terminated with a semi\-colon\&. Clauses in the statements are also semi\-colon terminated\&. The usual comment styles are supported: .PP C style: /* */ .PP @@ -34,71 +49,57 @@ C++ style: // to end of line .PP Unix style: # to end of line .SH "ACL" -.sp .nf -acl \fIstring\fR { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; -.sp +acl \fIstring\fR { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; .fi .SH "KEY" -.sp .nf key \fIdomain_name\fR { algorithm \fIstring\fR; secret \fIstring\fR; }; -.sp .fi .SH "MASTERS" -.sp .nf masters \fIstring\fR [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fImasters\fR | \fIipv4_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] | - \fIipv6_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] ) [ key \fIstring\fR ]; ... + \fIipv6_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] ) [ key \fIstring\fR ]; \&.\&.\&. }; -.sp .fi .SH "SERVER" -.sp .nf server ( \fIipv4_address[/prefixlen]\fR | \fIipv6_address[/prefixlen]\fR ) { bogus \fIboolean\fR; edns \fIboolean\fR; - provide-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; - request-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; + provide\-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; + request\-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; keys \fIserver_key\fR; transfers \fIinteger\fR; - transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer ); - transfer-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) + transfer\-format ( many\-answers | one\-answer ); + transfer\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - transfer-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) + transfer\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - - support-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + support\-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete }; -.sp .fi .SH "TRUSTED-KEYS" -.sp .nf -trusted-keys { - \fIdomain_name\fR \fIflags\fR \fIprotocol\fR \fIalgorithm\fR \fIkey\fR; ... +trusted\-keys { + \fIdomain_name\fR \fIflags\fR \fIprotocol\fR \fIalgorithm\fR \fIkey\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; -.sp .fi .SH "CONTROLS" -.sp .nf controls { inet ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ] - allow { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... } - [ keys { \fIstring\fR; ... } ]; + allow { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. } + [ keys { \fIstring\fR; \&.\&.\&. } ]; unix \fIunsupported\fR; // not implemented }; -.sp .fi .SH "LOGGING" -.sp .nf logging { channel \fIstring\fR { @@ -107,377 +108,333 @@ logging { null; stderr; severity \fIlog_severity\fR; - print-time \fIboolean\fR; - print-severity \fIboolean\fR; - print-category \fIboolean\fR; + print\-time \fIboolean\fR; + print\-severity \fIboolean\fR; + print\-category \fIboolean\fR; }; - category \fIstring\fR { \fIstring\fR; ... }; + category \fIstring\fR { \fIstring\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; }; -.sp .fi .SH "LWRES" -.sp .nf lwres { - listen-on [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { - ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; ... + listen\-on [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { + ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; \&.\&.\&. }; view \fIstring\fR \fIoptional_class\fR; - search { \fIstring\fR; ... }; + search { \fIstring\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; ndots \fIinteger\fR; }; -.sp .fi .SH "OPTIONS" -.sp .nf options { - avoid-v4-udp-ports { \fIport\fR; ... }; - avoid-v6-udp-ports { \fIport\fR; ... }; - blackhole { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; + avoid\-v4\-udp\-ports { \fIport\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + avoid\-v6\-udp\-ports { \fIport\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + blackhole { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; coresize \fIsize\fR; datasize \fIsize\fR; directory \fIquoted_string\fR; - dump-file \fIquoted_string\fR; + dump\-file \fIquoted_string\fR; files \fIsize\fR; - heartbeat-interval \fIinteger\fR; - host-statistics \fIboolean\fR; // not implemented - host-statistics-max \fInumber\fR; // not implemented + heartbeat\-interval \fIinteger\fR; + host\-statistics \fIboolean\fR; // not implemented + host\-statistics\-max \fInumber\fR; // not implemented hostname ( \fIquoted_string\fR | none ); - interface-interval \fIinteger\fR; - listen-on [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - listen-on-v6 [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - match-mapped-addresses \fIboolean\fR; - memstatistics-file \fIquoted_string\fR; - pid-file ( \fIquoted_string\fR | none ); + interface\-interval \fIinteger\fR; + listen\-on [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + listen\-on\-v6 [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + match\-mapped\-addresses \fIboolean\fR; + memstatistics\-file \fIquoted_string\fR; + pid\-file ( \fIquoted_string\fR | none ); port \fIinteger\fR; querylog \fIboolean\fR; - recursing-file \fIquoted_string\fR; - random-device \fIquoted_string\fR; - recursive-clients \fIinteger\fR; - serial-query-rate \fIinteger\fR; - server-id ( \fIquoted_string\fR | none |; + recursing\-file \fIquoted_string\fR; + random\-device \fIquoted_string\fR; + recursive\-clients \fIinteger\fR; + serial\-query\-rate \fIinteger\fR; + server\-id ( \fIquoted_string\fR | none |; stacksize \fIsize\fR; - statistics-file \fIquoted_string\fR; - statistics-interval \fIinteger\fR; // not yet implemented - tcp-clients \fIinteger\fR; - tcp-listen-queue \fIinteger\fR; - tkey-dhkey \fIquoted_string\fR \fIinteger\fR; - tkey-gssapi-credential \fIquoted_string\fR; - tkey-domain \fIquoted_string\fR; - transfers-per-ns \fIinteger\fR; - transfers-in \fIinteger\fR; - transfers-out \fIinteger\fR; - use-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; + statistics\-file \fIquoted_string\fR; + statistics\-interval \fIinteger\fR; // not yet implemented + tcp\-clients \fIinteger\fR; + tcp\-listen\-queue \fIinteger\fR; + tkey\-dhkey \fIquoted_string\fR \fIinteger\fR; + tkey\-gssapi\-credential \fIquoted_string\fR; + tkey\-domain \fIquoted_string\fR; + transfers\-per\-ns \fIinteger\fR; + transfers\-in \fIinteger\fR; + transfers\-out \fIinteger\fR; + use\-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; version ( \fIquoted_string\fR | none ); - allow-recursion { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - sortlist { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - topology { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; // not implemented - auth-nxdomain \fIboolean\fR; // default changed - minimal-responses \fIboolean\fR; + allow\-recursion { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + sortlist { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + topology { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; // not implemented + auth\-nxdomain \fIboolean\fR; // default changed + minimal\-responses \fIboolean\fR; recursion \fIboolean\fR; - rrset-order { + rrset\-order { [ class \fIstring\fR ] [ type \fIstring\fR ] - [ name \fIquoted_string\fR ] \fIstring\fR \fIstring\fR; ... + [ name \fIquoted_string\fR ] \fIstring\fR \fIstring\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; - provide-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; - request-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; - rfc2308-type1 \fIboolean\fR; // not yet implemented - additional-from-auth \fIboolean\fR; - additional-from-cache \fIboolean\fR; - query-source \fIquerysource4\fR; - query-source-v6 \fIquerysource6\fR; - cleaning-interval \fIinteger\fR; - min-roots \fIinteger\fR; // not implemented - lame-ttl \fIinteger\fR; - max-ncache-ttl \fIinteger\fR; - max-cache-ttl \fIinteger\fR; - transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer ); - max-cache-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; - check-names ( master | slave | response ) + provide\-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; + request\-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; + rfc2308\-type1 \fIboolean\fR; // not yet implemented + additional\-from\-auth \fIboolean\fR; + additional\-from\-cache \fIboolean\fR; + query\-source \fIquerysource4\fR; + query\-source\-v6 \fIquerysource6\fR; + cleaning\-interval \fIinteger\fR; + min\-roots \fIinteger\fR; // not implemented + lame\-ttl \fIinteger\fR; + max\-ncache\-ttl \fIinteger\fR; + max\-cache\-ttl \fIinteger\fR; + transfer\-format ( many\-answers | one\-answer ); + max\-cache\-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; + check\-names ( master | slave | response ) ( fail | warn | ignore ); - cache-file \fIquoted_string\fR; - suppress-initial-notify \fIboolean\fR; // not yet implemented - preferred-glue \fIstring\fR; - dual-stack-servers [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { + cache\-file \fIquoted_string\fR; + suppress\-initial\-notify \fIboolean\fR; // not yet implemented + preferred\-glue \fIstring\fR; + dual\-stack\-servers [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fIquoted_string\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] | \fIipv4_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] | - \fIipv6_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] ); ... + \fIipv6_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] ); \&.\&.\&. } - edns-udp-size \fIinteger\fR; - root-delegation-only [ exclude { \fIquoted_string\fR; ... } ]; - disable-algorithms \fIstring\fR { \fIstring\fR; ... }; - dnssec-enable \fIboolean\fR; - dnssec-lookaside \fIstring\fR trust-anchor \fIstring\fR; - dnssec-must-be-secure \fIstring\fR \fIboolean\fR; - + edns\-udp\-size \fIinteger\fR; + root\-delegation\-only [ exclude { \fIquoted_string\fR; \&.\&.\&. } ]; + disable\-algorithms \fIstring\fR { \fIstring\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + dnssec\-enable \fIboolean\fR; + dnssec\-lookaside \fIstring\fR trust\-anchor \fIstring\fR; + dnssec\-must\-be\-secure \fIstring\fR \fIboolean\fR; dialup \fIdialuptype\fR; - ixfr-from-differences \fIixfrdiff\fR; - - allow-query { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-query-cache { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-transfer { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-update { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-update-forwarding { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - + ixfr\-from\-differences \fIixfrdiff\fR; + allow\-query { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-query\-cache { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-transfer { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-update { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-update\-forwarding { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; notify \fInotifytype\fR; - notify-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - notify-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - notify-delay \fIseconds\fR; - also-notify [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) - [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; ... }; - allow-notify { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - + notify\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; + notify\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; + notify\-delay \fIseconds\fR; + also\-notify [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) + [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-notify { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; forward ( first | only ); forwarders [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { - ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; ... + ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; \&.\&.\&. }; - - max-journal-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; - max-transfer-time-in \fIinteger\fR; - max-transfer-time-out \fIinteger\fR; - max-transfer-idle-in \fIinteger\fR; - max-transfer-idle-out \fIinteger\fR; - max-retry-time \fIinteger\fR; - min-retry-time \fIinteger\fR; - max-refresh-time \fIinteger\fR; - min-refresh-time \fIinteger\fR; - multi-master \fIboolean\fR; - sig-validity-interval \fIinteger\fR; - - transfer-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) + max\-journal\-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; + max\-transfer\-time\-in \fIinteger\fR; + max\-transfer\-time\-out \fIinteger\fR; + max\-transfer\-idle\-in \fIinteger\fR; + max\-transfer\-idle\-out \fIinteger\fR; + max\-retry\-time \fIinteger\fR; + min\-retry\-time \fIinteger\fR; + max\-refresh\-time \fIinteger\fR; + min\-refresh\-time \fIinteger\fR; + multi\-master \fIboolean\fR; + sig\-validity\-interval \fIinteger\fR; + transfer\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - transfer-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) + transfer\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - - alt-transfer-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) + alt\-transfer\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - alt-transfer-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) + alt\-transfer\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - use-alt-transfer-source \fIboolean\fR; - - zone-statistics \fIboolean\fR; - key-directory \fIquoted_string\fR; - - allow-v6-synthesis { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; // obsolete - deallocate-on-exit \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - fake-iquery \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - fetch-glue \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - has-old-clients \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - maintain-ixfr-base \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - max-ixfr-log-size \fIsize\fR; // obsolete - multiple-cnames \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - named-xfer \fIquoted_string\fR; // obsolete - serial-queries \fIinteger\fR; // obsolete - treat-cr-as-space \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - use-id-pool \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + use\-alt\-transfer\-source \fIboolean\fR; + zone\-statistics \fIboolean\fR; + key\-directory \fIquoted_string\fR; + allow\-v6\-synthesis { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; // obsolete + deallocate\-on\-exit \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + fake\-iquery \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + fetch\-glue \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + has\-old\-clients \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + maintain\-ixfr\-base \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + max\-ixfr\-log\-size \fIsize\fR; // obsolete + multiple\-cnames \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + named\-xfer \fIquoted_string\fR; // obsolete + serial\-queries \fIinteger\fR; // obsolete + treat\-cr\-as\-space \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + use\-id\-pool \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete }; -.sp .fi .SH "VIEW" -.sp .nf view \fIstring\fR \fIoptional_class\fR { - match-clients { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - match-destinations { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - match-recursive-only \fIboolean\fR; - + match\-clients { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + match\-destinations { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + match\-recursive\-only \fIboolean\fR; key \fIstring\fR { algorithm \fIstring\fR; secret \fIstring\fR; }; - zone \fIstring\fR \fIoptional_class\fR { - ... + \&.\&.\&. }; - server ( \fIipv4_address[/prefixlen]\fR | \fIipv6_address[/prefixlen]\fR ) { - ... + \&.\&.\&. }; - - trusted-keys { - \fIstring\fR \fIinteger\fR \fIinteger\fR \fIinteger\fR \fIquoted_string\fR; ... + trusted\-keys { + \fIstring\fR \fIinteger\fR \fIinteger\fR \fIinteger\fR \fIquoted_string\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; - - allow-recursion { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - sortlist { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - topology { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; // not implemented - auth-nxdomain \fIboolean\fR; // default changed - minimal-responses \fIboolean\fR; + allow\-recursion { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + sortlist { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + topology { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; // not implemented + auth\-nxdomain \fIboolean\fR; // default changed + minimal\-responses \fIboolean\fR; recursion \fIboolean\fR; - rrset-order { + rrset\-order { [ class \fIstring\fR ] [ type \fIstring\fR ] - [ name \fIquoted_string\fR ] \fIstring\fR \fIstring\fR; ... + [ name \fIquoted_string\fR ] \fIstring\fR \fIstring\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; - provide-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; - request-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; - rfc2308-type1 \fIboolean\fR; // not yet implemented - additional-from-auth \fIboolean\fR; - additional-from-cache \fIboolean\fR; - query-source \fIquerysource4\fR; - query-source-v6 \fIquerysource6\fR; - cleaning-interval \fIinteger\fR; - min-roots \fIinteger\fR; // not implemented - lame-ttl \fIinteger\fR; - max-ncache-ttl \fIinteger\fR; - max-cache-ttl \fIinteger\fR; - transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer ); - max-cache-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; - check-names ( master | slave | response ) + provide\-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; + request\-ixfr \fIboolean\fR; + rfc2308\-type1 \fIboolean\fR; // not yet implemented + additional\-from\-auth \fIboolean\fR; + additional\-from\-cache \fIboolean\fR; + query\-source \fIquerysource4\fR; + query\-source\-v6 \fIquerysource6\fR; + cleaning\-interval \fIinteger\fR; + min\-roots \fIinteger\fR; // not implemented + lame\-ttl \fIinteger\fR; + max\-ncache\-ttl \fIinteger\fR; + max\-cache\-ttl \fIinteger\fR; + transfer\-format ( many\-answers | one\-answer ); + max\-cache\-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; + check\-names ( master | slave | response ) ( fail | warn | ignore ); - cache-file \fIquoted_string\fR; - suppress-initial-notify \fIboolean\fR; // not yet implemented - preferred-glue \fIstring\fR; - dual-stack-servers [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { + cache\-file \fIquoted_string\fR; + suppress\-initial\-notify \fIboolean\fR; // not yet implemented + preferred\-glue \fIstring\fR; + dual\-stack\-servers [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fIquoted_string\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] | \fIipv4_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] | - \fIipv6_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] ); ... + \fIipv6_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] ); \&.\&.\&. }; - edns-udp-size \fIinteger\fR; - root-delegation-only [ exclude { \fIquoted_string\fR; ... } ]; - disable-algorithms \fIstring\fR { \fIstring\fR; ... }; - dnssec-enable \fIboolean\fR; - dnssec-lookaside \fIstring\fR trust-anchor \fIstring\fR; - - dnssec-must-be-secure \fIstring\fR \fIboolean\fR; + edns\-udp\-size \fIinteger\fR; + root\-delegation\-only [ exclude { \fIquoted_string\fR; \&.\&.\&. } ]; + disable\-algorithms \fIstring\fR { \fIstring\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + dnssec\-enable \fIboolean\fR; + dnssec\-lookaside \fIstring\fR trust\-anchor \fIstring\fR; + dnssec\-must\-be\-secure \fIstring\fR \fIboolean\fR; dialup \fIdialuptype\fR; - ixfr-from-differences \fIixfrdiff\fR; - - allow-query { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-query-cache { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-transfer { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-update { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-update-forwarding { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - + ixfr\-from\-differences \fIixfrdiff\fR; + allow\-query { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-query\-cache { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-transfer { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-update { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-update\-forwarding { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; notify \fInotifytype\fR; - notify-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - notify-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - notify-delay \fIseconds\fR; - also-notify [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) - [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; ... }; - allow-notify { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - + notify\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; + notify\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; + notify\-delay \fIseconds\fR; + also\-notify [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) + [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-notify { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; forward ( first | only ); forwarders [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { - ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; ... + ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; \&.\&.\&. }; - - max-journal-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; - max-transfer-time-in \fIinteger\fR; - max-transfer-time-out \fIinteger\fR; - max-transfer-idle-in \fIinteger\fR; - max-transfer-idle-out \fIinteger\fR; - max-retry-time \fIinteger\fR; - min-retry-time \fIinteger\fR; - max-refresh-time \fIinteger\fR; - min-refresh-time \fIinteger\fR; - multi-master \fIboolean\fR; - sig-validity-interval \fIinteger\fR; - - transfer-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) + max\-journal\-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; + max\-transfer\-time\-in \fIinteger\fR; + max\-transfer\-time\-out \fIinteger\fR; + max\-transfer\-idle\-in \fIinteger\fR; + max\-transfer\-idle\-out \fIinteger\fR; + max\-retry\-time \fIinteger\fR; + min\-retry\-time \fIinteger\fR; + max\-refresh\-time \fIinteger\fR; + min\-refresh\-time \fIinteger\fR; + multi\-master \fIboolean\fR; + sig\-validity\-interval \fIinteger\fR; + transfer\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - transfer-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) + transfer\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - - alt-transfer-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) + alt\-transfer\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - alt-transfer-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) + alt\-transfer\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - use-alt-transfer-source \fIboolean\fR; - - zone-statistics \fIboolean\fR; - key-directory \fIquoted_string\fR; - - allow-v6-synthesis { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; // obsolete - fetch-glue \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - maintain-ixfr-base \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - max-ixfr-log-size \fIsize\fR; // obsolete + use\-alt\-transfer\-source \fIboolean\fR; + zone\-statistics \fIboolean\fR; + key\-directory \fIquoted_string\fR; + allow\-v6\-synthesis { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; // obsolete + fetch\-glue \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + maintain\-ixfr\-base \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + max\-ixfr\-log\-size \fIsize\fR; // obsolete }; -.sp .fi .SH "ZONE" -.sp .nf zone \fIstring\fR \fIoptional_class\fR { type ( master | slave | stub | hint | - forward | delegation-only ); + forward | delegation\-only ); file \fIquoted_string\fR; - masters [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fImasters\fR | \fIipv4_address\fR [port \fIinteger\fR] | - \fIipv6_address\fR [ port \fIinteger\fR ] ) [ key \fIstring\fR ]; ... + \fIipv6_address\fR [ port \fIinteger\fR ] ) [ key \fIstring\fR ]; \&.\&.\&. }; - database \fIstring\fR; - delegation-only \fIboolean\fR; - check-names ( fail | warn | ignore ); + delegation\-only \fIboolean\fR; + check\-names ( fail | warn | ignore ); dialup \fIdialuptype\fR; - ixfr-from-differences \fIboolean\fR; + ixfr\-from\-differences \fIboolean\fR; journal \fIquoted_string\fR; - - allow-query { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-transfer { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-update { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - allow-update-forwarding { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - update-policy { + allow\-query { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-transfer { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-update { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-update\-forwarding { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; + update\-policy { ( grant | deny ) \fIstring\fR ( name | subdomain | wildcard | self ) \fIstring\fR - \fIrrtypelist\fR; ... + \fIrrtypelist\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; - notify \fInotifytype\fR; - notify-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - notify-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - notify-delay \fIseconds\fR; - also-notify [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) - [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; ... }; - allow-notify { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; ... }; - + notify\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; + notify\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; + notify\-delay \fIseconds\fR; + also\-notify [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) + [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; \&.\&.\&. }; + allow\-notify { \fIaddress_match_element\fR; \&.\&.\&. }; forward ( first | only ); forwarders [ port \fIinteger\fR ] { - ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; ... + ( \fIipv4_address\fR | \fIipv6_address\fR ) [ port \fIinteger\fR ]; \&.\&.\&. }; - - max-journal-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; - max-transfer-time-in \fIinteger\fR; - max-transfer-time-out \fIinteger\fR; - max-transfer-idle-in \fIinteger\fR; - max-transfer-idle-out \fIinteger\fR; - max-retry-time \fIinteger\fR; - min-retry-time \fIinteger\fR; - max-refresh-time \fIinteger\fR; - min-refresh-time \fIinteger\fR; - multi-master \fIboolean\fR; - sig-validity-interval \fIinteger\fR; - - transfer-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) + max\-journal\-size \fIsize_no_default\fR; + max\-transfer\-time\-in \fIinteger\fR; + max\-transfer\-time\-out \fIinteger\fR; + max\-transfer\-idle\-in \fIinteger\fR; + max\-transfer\-idle\-out \fIinteger\fR; + max\-retry\-time \fIinteger\fR; + min\-retry\-time \fIinteger\fR; + max\-refresh\-time \fIinteger\fR; + min\-refresh\-time \fIinteger\fR; + multi\-master \fIboolean\fR; + sig\-validity\-interval \fIinteger\fR; + transfer\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - transfer-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) + transfer\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - - alt-transfer-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) + alt\-transfer\-source ( \fIipv4_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - alt-transfer-source-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) + alt\-transfer\-source\-v6 ( \fIipv6_address\fR | * ) [ port ( \fIinteger\fR | * ) ]; - use-alt-transfer-source \fIboolean\fR; - - zone-statistics \fIboolean\fR; - key-directory \fIquoted_string\fR; - - ixfr-base \fIquoted_string\fR; // obsolete - ixfr-tmp-file \fIquoted_string\fR; // obsolete - maintain-ixfr-base \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete - max-ixfr-log-size \fIsize\fR; // obsolete + use\-alt\-transfer\-source \fIboolean\fR; + zone\-statistics \fIboolean\fR; + key\-directory \fIquoted_string\fR; + ixfr\-base \fIquoted_string\fR; // obsolete + ixfr\-tmp\-file \fIquoted_string\fR; // obsolete + maintain\-ixfr\-base \fIboolean\fR; // obsolete + max\-ixfr\-log\-size \fIsize\fR; // obsolete pubkey \fIinteger\fR \fIinteger\fR \fIinteger\fR \fIquoted_string\fR; // obsolete }; -.sp .fi .SH "FILES" .PP -\fI/etc/named.conf\fR +\fI/etc/named\&.conf\fR .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBnamed\fR(8), -\fBrndc\fR(8), -\fBBIND 9 Adminstrators Reference Manual\fR. +\fBnamed\fR(8), \fBrndc\fR(8), \fBBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR()\&. diff --git a/bin/named/named.conf.html b/bin/named/named.conf.html index 4771c7369b..122f564ff8 100644 --- a/bin/named/named.conf.html +++ b/bin/named/named.conf.html @@ -1,2679 +1,505 @@ - - - - -named.conf

named.conf

Name

named.conf -- configuration file for named

Synopsis

named.conf

DESCRIPTION

named.conf is the configuration file for - named. Statements are enclosed - in braces and terminated with a semi-colon. Clauses in - the statements are also semi-colon terminated. The usual - comment styles are supported: -

C style: /* */ -

C++ style: // to end of line -

Unix style: # to end of line -

ACL

acl string { address_match_element; ... };

KEY

key domain_name {
- algorithm string;
- secret string;
-};

MASTERS

masters string [ port integer ] {
- ( masters | ipv4_address [port integer] |
- ipv6_address [port integer] ) [ key string ]; ...
-};

SERVER

server ( ipv4_address[/prefixlen] | ipv6_address[/prefixlen] ) {
- bogus boolean;
- edns boolean;
- provide-ixfr boolean;
- request-ixfr boolean;
- keys server_key;
- transfers integer;
- transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
- transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
-
- support-ixfr boolean; // obsolete
-};

TRUSTED-KEYS

trusted-keys {
- domain_name flags protocol algorithm key; ... 
-};

CONTROLS

controls {
- inet ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ]
- allow { address_match_element; ... }
- [ keys { string; ... } ];
- unix unsupported; // not implemented
-};

LOGGING

logging {
- channel string {
- file log_file;
- syslog optional_facility;
+ + + +named.conf + + +

+
+
+

Name

+

named.conf — configuration file for named

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

named.conf

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

named.conf is the configuration file + for + named. Statements are enclosed + in braces and terminated with a semi-colon. Clauses in + the statements are also semi-colon terminated. The usual + comment styles are supported: +

+

+ C style: /* */ +

+

+ C++ style: // to end of line +

+

+ Unix style: # to end of line +

+
+
+

ACL

+


+acl string { address_match_element; ... };
+
+

+
+
+

KEY

+


+key domain_name {
+ algorithm string;
+ secret string;
+};
+

+
+
+

MASTERS

+


+masters string [ port integer ] {
+ ( masters | ipv4_address [port integer] |
+ ipv6_address [port integer] ) [ key string ]; ...
+};
+

+
+
+

SERVER

+


+server ( ipv4_address[/prefixlen] | ipv6_address[/prefixlen] ) {
+ bogus boolean;
+ edns boolean;
+ provide-ixfr boolean;
+ request-ixfr boolean;
+ keys server_key;
+ transfers integer;
+ transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
+ transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+
+ support-ixfr boolean; // obsolete
+};
+

+
+
+

TRUSTED-KEYS

+


+trusted-keys {
+ domain_name flags protocol algorithm key; ... 
+};
+

+
+
+

CONTROLS

+


+controls {
+ inet ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ]
+ allow { address_match_element; ... }
+ [ keys { string; ... } ];
+ unix unsupported; // not implemented
+};
+

+
+
+

LOGGING

+


+logging {
+ channel string {
+ file log_file;
+ syslog optional_facility;
null;
stderr;
- severity log_severity;
- print-time boolean;
- print-severity boolean;
- print-category boolean;
+ severity log_severity;
+ print-time boolean;
+ print-severity boolean;
+ print-category boolean;
};
- category string { string; ... };
-};

LWRES

lwres {
- listen-on [ port integer ] {
- ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address ) [ port integer ]; ...
+ category string { string; ... };
+};
+

+
+
+

LWRES

+


+lwres {
+ listen-on [ port integer ] {
+ ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address ) [ port integer ]; ...
};
- view string optional_class;
- search { string; ... };
- ndots integer;
-};

OPTIONS

options {
- avoid-v4-udp-ports { port; ... };
- avoid-v6-udp-ports { port; ... };
- blackhole { address_match_element; ... };
- coresize size;
- datasize size;
- directory quoted_string;
- dump-file quoted_string;
- files size;
- heartbeat-interval integer;
- host-statistics boolean; // not implemented
- host-statistics-max number; // not implemented
- hostname ( quoted_string | none );
- interface-interval integer;
- listen-on [ port integer ] { address_match_element; ... };
- listen-on-v6 [ port integer ] { address_match_element; ... };
- match-mapped-addresses boolean;
- memstatistics-file quoted_string;
- pid-file ( quoted_string | none );
- port integer;
- querylog boolean;
- recursing-file quoted_string;
- random-device quoted_string;
- recursive-clients integer;
- serial-query-rate integer;
- server-id ( quoted_string | none |;
- stacksize size;
- statistics-file quoted_string;
- statistics-interval integer; // not yet implemented
- tcp-clients integer;
- tcp-listen-queue integer;
- tkey-dhkey quoted_string integer;
- tkey-gssapi-credential quoted_string;
- tkey-domain quoted_string;
- transfers-per-ns integer;
- transfers-in integer;
- transfers-out integer;
- use-ixfr boolean;
- version ( quoted_string | none );
- allow-recursion { address_match_element; ... };
- sortlist { address_match_element; ... };
- topology { address_match_element; ... }; // not implemented
- auth-nxdomain boolean; // default changed
- minimal-responses boolean;
- recursion boolean;
- rrset-order {
- [ class string ] [ type string ]
- [ name quoted_string ] string string; ...
+ view string optional_class;
+ search { string; ... };
+ ndots integer;
+};
+

+
+
+

OPTIONS

+


+options {
+ avoid-v4-udp-ports { port; ... };
+ avoid-v6-udp-ports { port; ... };
+ blackhole { address_match_element; ... };
+ coresize size;
+ datasize size;
+ directory quoted_string;
+ dump-file quoted_string;
+ files size;
+ heartbeat-interval integer;
+ host-statistics boolean; // not implemented
+ host-statistics-max number; // not implemented
+ hostname ( quoted_string | none );
+ interface-interval integer;
+ listen-on [ port integer ] { address_match_element; ... };
+ listen-on-v6 [ port integer ] { address_match_element; ... };
+ match-mapped-addresses boolean;
+ memstatistics-file quoted_string;
+ pid-file ( quoted_string | none );
+ port integer;
+ querylog boolean;
+ recursing-file quoted_string;
+ random-device quoted_string;
+ recursive-clients integer;
+ serial-query-rate integer;
+ server-id ( quoted_string | none |;
+ stacksize size;
+ statistics-file quoted_string;
+ statistics-interval integer; // not yet implemented
+ tcp-clients integer;
+ tcp-listen-queue integer;
+ tkey-dhkey quoted_string integer;
+ tkey-gssapi-credential quoted_string;
+ tkey-domain quoted_string;
+ transfers-per-ns integer;
+ transfers-in integer;
+ transfers-out integer;
+ use-ixfr boolean;
+ version ( quoted_string | none );
+ allow-recursion { address_match_element; ... };
+ sortlist { address_match_element; ... };
+ topology { address_match_element; ... }; // not implemented
+ auth-nxdomain boolean; // default changed
+ minimal-responses boolean;
+ recursion boolean;
+ rrset-order {
+ [ class string ] [ type string ]
+ [ name quoted_string ] string string; ...
};
- provide-ixfr boolean;
- request-ixfr boolean;
- rfc2308-type1 boolean; // not yet implemented
- additional-from-auth boolean;
- additional-from-cache boolean;
- query-source querysource4;
- query-source-v6 querysource6;
- cleaning-interval integer;
- min-roots integer; // not implemented
- lame-ttl integer;
- max-ncache-ttl integer;
- max-cache-ttl integer;
- transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
- max-cache-size size_no_default;
- check-names ( master | slave | response )
- ( fail | warn | ignore );
- cache-file quoted_string;
- suppress-initial-notify boolean; // not yet implemented
- preferred-glue string;
- dual-stack-servers [ port integer ] {
- ( quoted_string [port integer] |
- ipv4_address [port integer] |
- ipv6_address [port integer] ); ...
+ provide-ixfr boolean;
+ request-ixfr boolean;
+ rfc2308-type1 boolean; // not yet implemented
+ additional-from-auth boolean;
+ additional-from-cache boolean;
+ query-source querysource4;
+ query-source-v6 querysource6;
+ cleaning-interval integer;
+ min-roots integer; // not implemented
+ lame-ttl integer;
+ max-ncache-ttl integer;
+ max-cache-ttl integer;
+ transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
+ max-cache-size size_no_default;
+ check-names ( master | slave | response )
+ ( fail | warn | ignore );
+ cache-file quoted_string;
+ suppress-initial-notify boolean; // not yet implemented
+ preferred-glue string;
+ dual-stack-servers [ port integer ] {
+ ( quoted_string [port integer] |
+ ipv4_address [port integer] |
+ ipv6_address [port integer] ); ...
}
- edns-udp-size integer;
- root-delegation-only [ exclude { quoted_string; ... } ];
- disable-algorithms string { string; ... };
- dnssec-enable boolean;
- dnssec-lookaside string trust-anchor string;
- dnssec-must-be-secure string boolean;
-
- dialup dialuptype;
- ixfr-from-differences ixfrdiff;
-
- allow-query { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-query-cache { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-transfer { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-update { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-update-forwarding { address_match_element; ... };
-
- notify notifytype;
- notify-source ( ipv4_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- notify-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- notify-delay seconds;
- also-notify [ port integer ] { ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address )
- [ port integer ]; ... };
- allow-notify { address_match_element; ... };
-
- forward ( first | only );
- forwarders [ port integer ] {
- ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address ) [ port integer ]; ...
+ edns-udp-size integer;
+ root-delegation-only [ exclude { quoted_string; ... } ];
+ disable-algorithms string { string; ... };
+ dnssec-enable boolean;
+ dnssec-lookaside string trust-anchor string;
+ dnssec-must-be-secure string boolean;
+
+ dialup dialuptype;
+ ixfr-from-differences ixfrdiff;
+
+ allow-query { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-query-cache { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-transfer { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-update { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-update-forwarding { address_match_element; ... };
+
+ notify notifytype;
+ notify-source ( ipv4_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ notify-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ notify-delay seconds;
+ also-notify [ port integer ] { ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address )
+ [ port integer ]; ... };
+ allow-notify { address_match_element; ... };
+
+ forward ( first | only );
+ forwarders [ port integer ] {
+ ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address ) [ port integer ]; ...
};

- max-journal-size size_no_default;
- max-transfer-time-in integer;
- max-transfer-time-out integer;
- max-transfer-idle-in integer;
- max-transfer-idle-out integer;
- max-retry-time integer;
- min-retry-time integer;
- max-refresh-time integer;
- min-refresh-time integer;
- multi-master boolean;
- sig-validity-interval integer;
-
- transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
-
- alt-transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- alt-transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- use-alt-transfer-source boolean;
-
- zone-statistics boolean;
- key-directory quoted_string;
-
- allow-v6-synthesis { address_match_element; ... }; // obsolete
- deallocate-on-exit boolean; // obsolete
- fake-iquery boolean; // obsolete
- fetch-glue boolean; // obsolete
- has-old-clients boolean; // obsolete
- maintain-ixfr-base boolean; // obsolete
- max-ixfr-log-size size; // obsolete
- multiple-cnames boolean; // obsolete
- named-xfer quoted_string; // obsolete
- serial-queries integer; // obsolete
- treat-cr-as-space boolean; // obsolete
- use-id-pool boolean; // obsolete
-};

VIEW

view string optional_class {
- match-clients { address_match_element; ... };
- match-destinations { address_match_element; ... };
- match-recursive-only boolean;
-
- key string {
- algorithm string;
- secret string;
+ max-journal-size size_no_default;
+ max-transfer-time-in integer;
+ max-transfer-time-out integer;
+ max-transfer-idle-in integer;
+ max-transfer-idle-out integer;
+ max-retry-time integer;
+ min-retry-time integer;
+ max-refresh-time integer;
+ min-refresh-time integer;
+ multi-master boolean;
+ sig-validity-interval integer;
+
+ transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+
+ alt-transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ alt-transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ use-alt-transfer-source boolean;
+
+ zone-statistics boolean;
+ key-directory quoted_string;
+
+ allow-v6-synthesis { address_match_element; ... }; // obsolete
+ deallocate-on-exit boolean; // obsolete
+ fake-iquery boolean; // obsolete
+ fetch-glue boolean; // obsolete
+ has-old-clients boolean; // obsolete
+ maintain-ixfr-base boolean; // obsolete
+ max-ixfr-log-size size; // obsolete
+ multiple-cnames boolean; // obsolete
+ named-xfer quoted_string; // obsolete
+ serial-queries integer; // obsolete
+ treat-cr-as-space boolean; // obsolete
+ use-id-pool boolean; // obsolete
+};
+

+
+
+

VIEW

+


+view string optional_class {
+ match-clients { address_match_element; ... };
+ match-destinations { address_match_element; ... };
+ match-recursive-only boolean;
+
+ key string {
+ algorithm string;
+ secret string;
};

- zone string optional_class {
+ zone string optional_class {
...
};

- server ( ipv4_address[/prefixlen] | ipv6_address[/prefixlen] ) {
+ server ( ipv4_address[/prefixlen] | ipv6_address[/prefixlen] ) {
...
};

- trusted-keys {
- string integer integer integer quoted_string; ...
+ trusted-keys {
+ string integer integer integer quoted_string; ...
};

- allow-recursion { address_match_element; ... };
- sortlist { address_match_element; ... };
- topology { address_match_element; ... }; // not implemented
- auth-nxdomain boolean; // default changed
- minimal-responses boolean;
- recursion boolean;
- rrset-order {
- [ class string ] [ type string ]
- [ name quoted_string ] string string; ...
+ allow-recursion { address_match_element; ... };
+ sortlist { address_match_element; ... };
+ topology { address_match_element; ... }; // not implemented
+ auth-nxdomain boolean; // default changed
+ minimal-responses boolean;
+ recursion boolean;
+ rrset-order {
+ [ class string ] [ type string ]
+ [ name quoted_string ] string string; ...
};
- provide-ixfr boolean;
- request-ixfr boolean;
- rfc2308-type1 boolean; // not yet implemented
- additional-from-auth boolean;
- additional-from-cache boolean;
- query-source querysource4;
- query-source-v6 querysource6;
- cleaning-interval integer;
- min-roots integer; // not implemented
- lame-ttl integer;
- max-ncache-ttl integer;
- max-cache-ttl integer;
- transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
- max-cache-size size_no_default;
- check-names ( master | slave | response )
- ( fail | warn | ignore );
- cache-file quoted_string;
- suppress-initial-notify boolean; // not yet implemented
- preferred-glue string;
- dual-stack-servers [ port integer ] {
- ( quoted_string [port integer] |
- ipv4_address [port integer] |
- ipv6_address [port integer] ); ...
+ provide-ixfr boolean;
+ request-ixfr boolean;
+ rfc2308-type1 boolean; // not yet implemented
+ additional-from-auth boolean;
+ additional-from-cache boolean;
+ query-source querysource4;
+ query-source-v6 querysource6;
+ cleaning-interval integer;
+ min-roots integer; // not implemented
+ lame-ttl integer;
+ max-ncache-ttl integer;
+ max-cache-ttl integer;
+ transfer-format ( many-answers | one-answer );
+ max-cache-size size_no_default;
+ check-names ( master | slave | response )
+ ( fail | warn | ignore );
+ cache-file quoted_string;
+ suppress-initial-notify boolean; // not yet implemented
+ preferred-glue string;
+ dual-stack-servers [ port integer ] {
+ ( quoted_string [port integer] |
+ ipv4_address [port integer] |
+ ipv6_address [port integer] ); ...
};
- edns-udp-size integer;
- root-delegation-only [ exclude { quoted_string; ... } ];
- disable-algorithms string { string; ... };
- dnssec-enable boolean;
- dnssec-lookaside string trust-anchor string;
-
- dnssec-must-be-secure string boolean;
- dialup dialuptype;
- ixfr-from-differences ixfrdiff;
-
- allow-query { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-query-cache { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-transfer { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-update { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-update-forwarding { address_match_element; ... };
-
- notify notifytype;
- notify-source ( ipv4_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- notify-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- notify-delay seconds;
- also-notify [ port integer ] { ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address )
- [ port integer ]; ... };
- allow-notify { address_match_element; ... };
-
- forward ( first | only );
- forwarders [ port integer ] {
- ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address ) [ port integer ]; ...
+ edns-udp-size integer;
+ root-delegation-only [ exclude { quoted_string; ... } ];
+ disable-algorithms string { string; ... };
+ dnssec-enable boolean;
+ dnssec-lookaside string trust-anchor string;
+
+ dnssec-must-be-secure string boolean;
+ dialup dialuptype;
+ ixfr-from-differences ixfrdiff;
+
+ allow-query { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-query-cache { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-transfer { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-update { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-update-forwarding { address_match_element; ... };
+
+ notify notifytype;
+ notify-source ( ipv4_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ notify-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ notify-delay seconds;
+ also-notify [ port integer ] { ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address )
+ [ port integer ]; ... };
+ allow-notify { address_match_element; ... };
+
+ forward ( first | only );
+ forwarders [ port integer ] {
+ ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address ) [ port integer ]; ...
};

- max-journal-size size_no_default;
- max-transfer-time-in integer;
- max-transfer-time-out integer;
- max-transfer-idle-in integer;
- max-transfer-idle-out integer;
- max-retry-time integer;
- min-retry-time integer;
- max-refresh-time integer;
- min-refresh-time integer;
- multi-master boolean;
- sig-validity-interval integer;
-
- transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
-
- alt-transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- alt-transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- use-alt-transfer-source boolean;
-
- zone-statistics boolean;
- key-directory quoted_string;
-
- allow-v6-synthesis { address_match_element; ... }; // obsolete
- fetch-glue boolean; // obsolete
- maintain-ixfr-base boolean; // obsolete
- max-ixfr-log-size size; // obsolete
-};

ZONE

zone string optional_class {
- type ( master | slave | stub | hint |
- forward | delegation-only );
- file quoted_string;
-
- masters [ port integer ] {
- ( masters |
- ipv4_address [port integer] |
- ipv6_address [ port integer ] ) [ key string ]; ...
+ max-journal-size size_no_default;
+ max-transfer-time-in integer;
+ max-transfer-time-out integer;
+ max-transfer-idle-in integer;
+ max-transfer-idle-out integer;
+ max-retry-time integer;
+ min-retry-time integer;
+ max-refresh-time integer;
+ min-refresh-time integer;
+ multi-master boolean;
+ sig-validity-interval integer;
+
+ transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+
+ alt-transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ alt-transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ use-alt-transfer-source boolean;
+
+ zone-statistics boolean;
+ key-directory quoted_string;
+
+ allow-v6-synthesis { address_match_element; ... }; // obsolete
+ fetch-glue boolean; // obsolete
+ maintain-ixfr-base boolean; // obsolete
+ max-ixfr-log-size size; // obsolete
+};
+

+
+
+

ZONE

+


+zone string optional_class {
+ type ( master | slave | stub | hint |
+ forward | delegation-only );
+ file quoted_string;
+
+ masters [ port integer ] {
+ ( masters |
+ ipv4_address [port integer] |
+ ipv6_address [ port integer ] ) [ key string ]; ...
};

- database string;
- delegation-only boolean;
- check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
- dialup dialuptype;
- ixfr-from-differences boolean;
- journal quoted_string;
-
- allow-query { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-transfer { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-update { address_match_element; ... };
- allow-update-forwarding { address_match_element; ... };
- update-policy {
- ( grant | deny ) string
- ( name | subdomain | wildcard | self ) string
- rrtypelist; ...
+ database string;
+ delegation-only boolean;
+ check-names ( fail | warn | ignore );
+ dialup dialuptype;
+ ixfr-from-differences boolean;
+ journal quoted_string;
+
+ allow-query { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-transfer { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-update { address_match_element; ... };
+ allow-update-forwarding { address_match_element; ... };
+ update-policy {
+ ( grant | deny ) string
+ ( name | subdomain | wildcard | self ) string
+ rrtypelist; ...
};

- notify notifytype;
- notify-source ( ipv4_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- notify-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- notify-delay seconds;
- also-notify [ port integer ] { ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address )
- [ port integer ]; ... };
- allow-notify { address_match_element; ... };
-
- forward ( first | only );
- forwarders [ port integer ] {
- ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address ) [ port integer ]; ...
+ notify notifytype;
+ notify-source ( ipv4_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ notify-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * ) [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ notify-delay seconds;
+ also-notify [ port integer ] { ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address )
+ [ port integer ]; ... };
+ allow-notify { address_match_element; ... };
+
+ forward ( first | only );
+ forwarders [ port integer ] {
+ ( ipv4_address | ipv6_address ) [ port integer ]; ...
};

- max-journal-size size_no_default;
- max-transfer-time-in integer;
- max-transfer-time-out integer;
- max-transfer-idle-in integer;
- max-transfer-idle-out integer;
- max-retry-time integer;
- min-retry-time integer;
- max-refresh-time integer;
- min-refresh-time integer;
- multi-master boolean;
- sig-validity-interval integer;
-
- transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
-
- alt-transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- alt-transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
- [ port ( integer | * ) ];
- use-alt-transfer-source boolean;
-
- zone-statistics boolean;
- key-directory quoted_string;
-
- ixfr-base quoted_string; // obsolete
- ixfr-tmp-file quoted_string; // obsolete
- maintain-ixfr-base boolean; // obsolete
- max-ixfr-log-size size; // obsolete
- pubkey integer integer integer quoted_string; // obsolete
-};

FILES

/etc/named.conf

SEE ALSO

named(8), -rndc(8), -BIND 9 Adminstrators Reference Manual.

+ max-journal-size size_no_default;
+ max-transfer-time-in integer;
+ max-transfer-time-out integer;
+ max-transfer-idle-in integer;
+ max-transfer-idle-out integer;
+ max-retry-time integer;
+ min-retry-time integer;
+ max-refresh-time integer;
+ min-refresh-time integer;
+ multi-master boolean;
+ sig-validity-interval integer;
+
+ transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+
+ alt-transfer-source ( ipv4_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ alt-transfer-source-v6 ( ipv6_address | * )
+ [ port ( integer | * ) ];
+ use-alt-transfer-source boolean;
+
+ zone-statistics boolean;
+ key-directory quoted_string;
+
+ ixfr-base quoted_string; // obsolete
+ ixfr-tmp-file quoted_string; // obsolete
+ maintain-ixfr-base boolean; // obsolete
+ max-ixfr-log-size size; // obsolete
+ pubkey integer integer integer quoted_string; // obsolete
+};
+

+
+
+

FILES

+

/etc/named.conf +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

named(8), + rndc(8), + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/named/named.html b/bin/named/named.html index 66d75db716..efa1c773fa 100644 --- a/bin/named/named.html +++ b/bin/named/named.html @@ -1,669 +1,240 @@ - - - - -named

named

Name

named -- Internet domain name server

Synopsis

named [-4] [-6] [-c config-file] [-d debug-level] [-f] [-g] [-n #cpus] [-p port] [-s] [-t directory] [-u user] [-v] [-x cache-file]

DESCRIPTION

named is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, - part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more - information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. -

When invoked without arguments, named will - read the default configuration file - /etc/named.conf, read any initial - data, and listen for queries. -

OPTIONS

-4

Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. - -4 and -6 are mutually - exclusive. -

-6

Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. - -4 and -6 are mutually - exclusive. -

-c config-file

Use config-file as the - configuration file instead of the default, - /etc/named.conf. To - ensure that reloading the configuration file continues - to work after the server has changed its working - directory due to to a possible - directory option in the configuration - file, config-file should be - an absolute pathname. -

-d debug-level

Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level. - Debugging traces from named become - more verbose as the debug level increases. -

-f

Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). -

-g

Run the server in the foreground and force all logging - to stderr. -

-n #cpus

Create #cpus worker threads - to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, - named will try to determine the - number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. - If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a - single worker thread will be created. -

-p port

Listen for queries on port port. If not - specified, the default is port 53. -

-s

Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit. -

Note: This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers - and may be removed or changed in a future release. -

-t directory

chroot() to directory after - processing the command line arguments, but before - reading the configuration file. -

Warning

This option should be used in conjunction with the - -u option, as chrooting a process - running as root doesn't enhance security on most - systems; the way chroot() is - defined allows a process with root privileges to - escape a chroot jail. -

-u user

setuid() to user after completing - privileged operations, such as creating sockets that - listen on privileged ports. -

Note: On Linux, named uses the kernel's - capability mechanism to drop all root privileges - except the ability to bind() to a - privileged port and set process resource limits. - Unfortunately, this means that the -u - option only works when named is run - on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or - later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges - to be retained after setuid(). -

-v

Report the version number and exit. -

-x cache-file

Load data from cache-file into the - cache of the default view. -

Warning

This option must not be used. It is only of interest - to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a - future release. -

SIGNALS

In routine operation, signals should not be used to control - the nameserver; rndc should be used - instead. -

SIGHUP

Force a reload of the server. -

SIGINT, SIGTERM

Shut down the server. -

The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined. -

CONFIGURATION

The named configuration file is too complex - to describe in detail here. A complete description is - provided in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference - Manual. -

FILES

/etc/named.conf

The default configuration file. -

/var/run/named.pid

The default process-id file. -

SEE ALSO

RFC 1033, - RFC 1034, - RFC 1035, - rndc(8), - lwresd(8), - BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. -

AUTHOR

Internet Systems Consortium -

+ + + +named + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

named — Internet domain name server

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

named [-4] [-6] [-c config-file] [-d debug-level] [-f] [-g] [-n #cpus] [-p port] [-s] [-t directory] [-u user] [-v] [-x cache-file]

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

named + is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, + part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more + information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. +

+

+ When invoked without arguments, named + will + read the default configuration file + /etc/named.conf, read any initial + data, and listen for queries. +

+
+
+

OPTIONS

+
+
-4
+

+ Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. + -4 and -6 are mutually + exclusive. +

+
-6
+

+ Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. + -4 and -6 are mutually + exclusive. +

+
-c config-file
+

+ Use config-file as the + configuration file instead of the default, + /etc/named.conf. To + ensure that reloading the configuration file continues + to work after the server has changed its working + directory due to to a possible + directory option in the configuration + file, config-file should be + an absolute pathname. +

+
-d debug-level
+

+ Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level. + Debugging traces from named become + more verbose as the debug level increases. +

+
-f
+

+ Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize). +

+
-g
+

+ Run the server in the foreground and force all logging + to stderr. +

+
-n #cpus
+

+ Create #cpus worker threads + to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, + named will try to determine the + number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. + If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a + single worker thread will be created. +

+
-p port
+

+ Listen for queries on port port. If not + specified, the default is port 53. +

+
-s
+
+

+ Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit. +

+
+

Note

+

+ This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers + and may be removed or changed in a future release. +

+
+
+
-t directory
+
+

chroot() + to directory after + processing the command line arguments, but before + reading the configuration file. +

+
+

Warning

+

+ This option should be used in conjunction with the + -u option, as chrooting a process + running as root doesn't enhance security on most + systems; the way chroot() is + defined allows a process with root privileges to + escape a chroot jail. +

+
+
+
-u user
+
+

setuid() + to user after completing + privileged operations, such as creating sockets that + listen on privileged ports. +

+
+

Note

+

+ On Linux, named uses the kernel's + capability mechanism to drop all root privileges + except the ability to bind() to + a + privileged port and set process resource limits. + Unfortunately, this means that the -u + option only works when named is + run + on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or + later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges + to be retained after setuid(). +

+
+
+
-v
+

+ Report the version number and exit. +

+
-x cache-file
+
+

+ Load data from cache-file into the + cache of the default view. +

+
+

Warning

+

+ This option must not be used. It is only of interest + to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a + future release. +

+
+
+
+
+
+

SIGNALS

+

+ In routine operation, signals should not be used to control + the nameserver; rndc should be used + instead. +

+
+
SIGHUP
+

+ Force a reload of the server. +

+
SIGINT, SIGTERM
+

+ Shut down the server. +

+
+

+ The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined. +

+
+
+

CONFIGURATION

+

+ The named configuration file is too complex + to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided + in the + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. +

+
+
+

FILES

+
+
/etc/named.conf
+

+ The default configuration file. +

+
/var/run/named.pid
+

+ The default process-id file. +

+
+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

RFC 1033, + RFC 1034, + RFC 1035, + rndc(8), + lwresd(8), + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. +

+
+
+

AUTHOR

+

Internet Systems Consortium +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.8 b/bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.8 index 5bda530bda..6562f7d551 100644 --- a/bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.8 +++ b/bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.8 @@ -1,369 +1,154 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: nsupdate.8,v 1.33 2005/04/07 03:49:58 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "NSUPDATE" "8" "Jun 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "NSUPDATE" 8 "Jun 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME nsupdate \- Dynamic DNS update utility -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBnsupdate\fR [ \fB-d\fR ] [ \fB [ -y \fIkeyname:secret\fB ] [ -k \fIkeyfile\fB ] \fR ] [ \fB-t \fItimeout\fB\fR ] [ \fB-u \fIudptimeout\fB\fR ] [ \fB-r \fIudpretries\fB\fR ] [ \fB-v\fR ] [ \fBfilename\fR ] +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 9 +\fBnsupdate\fR [\fB\-d\fR] [\fB\fB\-y\ \fIkeyname:secret\fR\fR\fR | \fB\fB\-k\ \fIkeyfile\fR\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fItimeout\fR\fR] [\fB\-u\ \fIudptimeout\fR\fR] [\fB\-r\ \fIudpretries\fR\fR] [\fB\-v\fR] [filename] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBnsupdate\fR -is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC2136 -to a name server. -This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone -without manually editing the zone file. -A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than one -resource record. +\fBnsupdate\fR is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC2136 to a name server\&. This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone without manually editing the zone file\&. A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than one resource record\&. .PP -Zones that are under dynamic control via -\fBnsupdate\fR -or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand. -Manual edits could -conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost. +Zones that are under dynamic control via \fBnsupdate\fR or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand\&. Manual edits could conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost\&. .PP -The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with -\fBnsupdate\fR -have to be in the same zone. -Requests are sent to the zone's master server. -This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record. +The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with \fBnsupdate\fR have to be in the same zone\&. Requests are sent to the zone's master server\&. This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record\&. .PP -The -\fB-d\fR -option makes -\fBnsupdate\fR -operate in debug mode. -This provides tracing information about the update requests that are -made and the replies received from the name server. +The \fB\-d\fR option makes \fBnsupdate\fR operate in debug mode\&. This provides tracing information about the update requests that are made and the replies received from the name server\&. .PP -Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic DNS -updates. -These use the TSIG resource record type described in RFC2845 or the -SIG(0) record described in RFC3535 and RFC2931. -TSIG relies on a shared secret that should only be known to -\fBnsupdate\fR and the name server. -Currently, the only supported encryption algorithm for TSIG is -HMAC-MD5, which is defined in RFC 2104. -Once other algorithms are defined for TSIG, applications will need to -ensure they select the appropriate algorithm as well as the key when -authenticating each other. -For instance suitable -\fBkey\fR -and -\fBserver\fR -statements would be added to -\fI/etc/named.conf\fR -so that the name server can associate the appropriate secret key -and algorithm with the IP address of the -client application that will be using TSIG authentication. -SIG(0) uses public key cryptography. To use a SIG(0) key, the public -key must be stored in a KEY record in a zone served by the name server. -\fBnsupdate\fR -does not read -\fI/etc/named.conf\fR. +Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic DNS updates\&. These use the TSIG resource record type described in RFC2845 or the SIG(0) record described in RFC3535 and RFC2931\&. TSIG relies on a shared secret that should only be known to \fBnsupdate\fR and the name server\&. Currently, the only supported encryption algorithm for TSIG is HMAC\-MD5, which is defined in RFC 2104\&. Once other algorithms are defined for TSIG, applications will need to ensure they select the appropriate algorithm as well as the key when authenticating each other\&. For instance suitable \fBkey\fR and \fBserver\fR statements would be added to \fI/etc/named\&.conf\fR so that the name server can associate the appropriate secret key and algorithm with the IP address of the client application that will be using TSIG authentication\&. SIG(0) uses public key cryptography\&. To use a SIG(0) key, the public key must be stored in a KEY record in a zone served by the name server\&. \fBnsupdate\fR does not read \fI/etc/named\&.conf\fR\&. .PP -\fBnsupdate\fR -uses the -\fB-y\fR -or -\fB-k\fR -option (with an HMAC-MD5 key) to provide the shared secret needed to generate -a TSIG record for authenticating Dynamic DNS update requests. -These options are mutually exclusive. -With the -\fB-k\fR -option, -\fBnsupdate\fR -reads the shared secret from the file -\fIkeyfile\fR, -whose name is of the form -\fIK{name}.+157.+{random}.private\fR. -For historical -reasons, the file -\fIK{name}.+157.+{random}.key\fR -must also be present. When the -\fB-y\fR -option is used, a signature is generated from -\fIkeyname:secret.\fR -\fIkeyname\fR -is the name of the key, -and -\fIsecret\fR -is the base64 encoded shared secret. -Use of the -\fB-y\fR -option is discouraged because the shared secret is supplied as a command -line argument in clear text. -This may be visible in the output from -\fBps\fR(1) -or in a history file maintained by the user's shell. +\fBnsupdate\fR uses the \fB\-y\fR or \fB\-k\fR option (with an HMAC\-MD5 key) to provide the shared secret needed to generate a TSIG record for authenticating Dynamic DNS update requests\&. These options are mutually exclusive\&. With the \fB\-k\fR option, \fBnsupdate\fR reads the shared secret from the file \fIkeyfile\fR, whose name is of the form \fIK{name}\&.+157\&.+{random}\&.private\fR\&. For historical reasons, the file \fIK{name}\&.+157\&.+{random}\&.key\fR must also be present\&. When the \fB\-y\fR option is used, a signature is generated from \fIkeyname:secret\&.\fR \fIkeyname\fR is the name of the key, and \fIsecret\fR is the base64 encoded shared secret\&. Use of the \fB\-y\fR option is discouraged because the shared secret is supplied as a command line argument in clear text\&. This may be visible in the output from \fBps\fR(1) or in a history file maintained by the user's shell\&. .PP -The \fB-k\fR may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used -to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key -specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key. +The \fB\-k\fR may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests\&. In this case, the key specified is not an HMAC\-MD5 key\&. .PP -By default -\fBnsupdate\fR -uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too -large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used. -The -\fB-v\fR -option makes -\fBnsupdate\fR -use a TCP connection. -This may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made. +By default \fBnsupdate\fR uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used\&. The \fB\-v\fR option makes \fBnsupdate\fR use a TCP connection\&. This may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made\&. .PP -The \fB-t\fR option sets the maximum time a update request can -take before it is aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be used -to disable the timeout. +The \fB\-t\fR option sets the maximum time a update request can take before it is aborted\&. The default is 300 seconds\&. Zero can be used to disable the timeout\&. .PP -The \fB-u\fR option sets the UDP retry interval. The default is -3 seconds. If zero the interval will be computed from the timeout interval -and number of UDP retries. +The \fB\-u\fR option sets the UDP retry interval\&. The default is 3 seconds\&. If zero the interval will be computed from the timeout interval and number of UDP retries\&. .PP -The \fB-r\fR option sets the number of UDP retries. The default is -3. If zero only one update request will be made. +The \fB\-r\fR option sets the number of UDP retries\&. The default is 3\&. If zero only one update request will be made\&. .SH "INPUT FORMAT" .PP -\fBnsupdate\fR -reads input from -\fIfilename\fR -or standard input. -Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input. -Some commands are for administrative purposes. -The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the -contents of the zone. -These checks set conditions that some name or set of -resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone. -These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed. -Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions fail. +\fBnsupdate\fR reads input from \fIfilename\fR or standard input\&. Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input\&. Some commands are for administrative purposes\&. The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the contents of the zone\&. These checks set conditions that some name or set of resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone\&. These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed\&. Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions fail\&. .PP -Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites -and zero or more updates. -This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some -specified resource records are present or missing from the zone. -A blank input line (or the \fBsend\fR command) causes the -accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the -name server. +Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites and zero or more updates\&. This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some specified resource records are present or missing from the zone\&. A blank input line (or the \fBsend\fR command) causes the accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the name server\&. .PP -The command formats and their meaning are as follows: +The command formats and their meaning are as follows: .TP -\fBserver servername [ port ]\fR -Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server -\fIservername\fR. -When no server statement is provided, -\fBnsupdate\fR -will send updates to the master server of the correct zone. -The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the master -server for that zone. -\fIport\fR -is the port number on -\fIservername\fR -where the dynamic update requests get sent. -If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of 53 is -used. +.HP 7 \fBserver\fR {servername} [port] +Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server \fIservername\fR\&. When no server statement is provided, \fBnsupdate\fR will send updates to the master server of the correct zone\&. The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the master server for that zone\&. \fIport\fR is the port number on \fIservername\fR where the dynamic update requests get sent\&. If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of 53 is used\&. .TP -\fBlocal address [ port ]\fR -Sends all dynamic update requests using the local -\fIaddress\fR. -When no local statement is provided, -\fBnsupdate\fR -will send updates using an address and port chosen by the system. -\fIport\fR -can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific port. -If no port number is specified, the system will assign one. +.HP 6 \fBlocal\fR {address} [port] +Sends all dynamic update requests using the local \fIaddress\fR\&. When no local statement is provided, \fBnsupdate\fR will send updates using an address and port chosen by the system\&. \fIport\fR can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific port\&. If no port number is specified, the system will assign one\&. .TP -\fBzone zonename\fR -Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone -\fIzonename\fR. -If no -\fIzone\fR -statement is provided, -\fBnsupdate\fR -will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the rest of the input. +.HP 5 \fBzone\fR {zonename} +Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone \fIzonename\fR\&. If no \fIzone\fR statement is provided, \fBnsupdate\fR will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the rest of the input\&. .TP -\fBclass classname\fR -Specify the default class. -If no \fIclass\fR is specified the default class is -\fIIN\fR. +.HP 6 \fBclass\fR {classname} +Specify the default class\&. If no \fIclass\fR is specified the default class is \fIIN\fR\&. .TP -\fBkey name secret\fR -Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG signed using the -\fIkeyname\fR \fIkeysecret\fR pair. -The \fBkey\fR command -overrides any key specified on the command line via -\fB-y\fR or \fB-k\fR. +.HP 4 \fBkey\fR {name} {secret} +Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG signed using the \fIkeyname\fR \fIkeysecret\fR pair\&. The \fBkey\fR command overrides any key specified on the command line via \fB\-y\fR or \fB\-k\fR\&. .TP -\fBprereq nxdomain domain-name\fR -Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name -\fIdomain-name\fR. +.HP 16 \fBprereq nxdomain\fR {domain\-name} +Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name \fIdomain\-name\fR\&. .TP -\fBprereq yxdomain domain-name\fR -Requires that -\fIdomain-name\fR -exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type). +.HP 16 \fBprereq yxdomain\fR {domain\-name} +Requires that \fIdomain\-name\fR exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type)\&. .TP -\fBprereq nxrrset domain-name [ class ] type\fR -Requires that no resource record exists of the specified -\fItype\fR, -\fIclass\fR -and -\fIdomain-name\fR. -If -\fIclass\fR -is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed. +.HP 15 \fBprereq nxrrset\fR {domain\-name} [class] {type} +Requires that no resource record exists of the specified \fItype\fR, \fIclass\fR and \fIdomain\-name\fR\&. If \fIclass\fR is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed\&. .TP -\fBprereq yxrrset domain-name [ class ] type\fR -This requires that a resource record of the specified -\fItype\fR, -\fIclass\fR -and -\fIdomain-name\fR -must exist. -If -\fIclass\fR -is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed. +.HP 15 \fBprereq yxrrset\fR {domain\-name} [class] {type} +This requires that a resource record of the specified \fItype\fR, \fIclass\fR and \fIdomain\-name\fR must exist\&. If \fIclass\fR is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed\&. .TP -\fBprereq yxrrset domain-name [ class ] type data\fI...\fB\fR -The -\fIdata\fR -from each set of prerequisites of this form -sharing a common -\fItype\fR, -\fIclass\fR, -and -\fIdomain-name\fR -are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must -exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the -given -\fItype\fR, -\fIclass\fR, -and -\fIdomain-name\fR. -The -\fIdata\fR -are written in the standard text representation of the resource record's -RDATA. +.HP 15 \fBprereq yxrrset\fR {domain\-name} [class] {type} {data...} +The \fIdata\fR from each set of prerequisites of this form sharing a common \fItype\fR, \fIclass\fR, and \fIdomain\-name\fR are combined to form a set of RRs\&. This set of RRs must exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the given \fItype\fR, \fIclass\fR, and \fIdomain\-name\fR\&. The \fIdata\fR are written in the standard text representation of the resource record's RDATA\&. .TP -\fBupdate delete domain-name [ ttl ] [ class ] [ type [ data\fI...\fB ] ]\fR -Deletes any resource records named -\fIdomain-name\fR. -If -\fItype\fR -and -\fIdata\fR -is provided, only matching resource records will be removed. -The internet class is assumed if -\fIclass\fR -is not supplied. The -\fIttl\fR -is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility. +.HP 14 \fBupdate delete\fR {domain\-name} [ttl] [class] [type\ [data...]] +Deletes any resource records named \fIdomain\-name\fR\&. If \fItype\fR and \fIdata\fR is provided, only matching resource records will be removed\&. The internet class is assumed if \fIclass\fR is not supplied\&. The \fIttl\fR is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility\&. .TP -\fBupdate add domain-name ttl [ class ] type data\fI...\fB\fR -Adds a new resource record with the specified -\fIttl\fR, -\fIclass\fR -and -\fIdata\fR. +.HP 11 \fBupdate add\fR {domain\-name} {ttl} [class] {type} {data...} +Adds a new resource record with the specified \fIttl\fR, \fIclass\fR and \fIdata\fR\&. .TP -\fBshow\fR -Displays the current message, containing all of the prerequisites and -updates specified since the last send. +.HP 5 \fBshow\fR +Displays the current message, containing all of the prerequisites and updates specified since the last send\&. .TP -\fBsend\fR -Sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a blank line. +.HP 5 \fBsend\fR +Sends the current message\&. This is equivalent to entering a blank line\&. .TP -\fBanswer\fR -Displays the answer. +.HP 7 \fBanswer\fR +Displays the answer\&. .PP -Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored. +Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored\&. .SH "EXAMPLES" .PP -The examples below show how -\fBnsupdate\fR -could be used to insert and delete resource records from the -\fBexample.com\fR -zone. -Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so that -a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the -master name server for -\fBexample.com\fR. -.sp +The examples below show how \fBnsupdate\fR could be used to insert and delete resource records from the \fBexample\&.com\fR zone\&. Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so that a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the master name server for \fBexample\&.com\fR\&. .nf # nsupdate -> update delete oldhost.example.com A -> update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1 +> update delete oldhost\&.example\&.com A +> update add newhost\&.example\&.com 86400 A 172\&.16\&.1\&.1 > send -.sp .fi .PP -Any A records for -\fBoldhost.example.com\fR -are deleted. -and an A record for -\fBnewhost.example.com\fR -it IP address 172.16.1.1 is added. -The newly-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds) -.sp +Any A records for \fBoldhost\&.example\&.com\fR are deleted\&. and an A record for \fBnewhost\&.example\&.com\fR it IP address 172\&.16\&.1\&.1 is added\&. The newly\-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds) .nf # nsupdate -> prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com -> update add nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com +> prereq nxdomain nickname\&.example\&.com +> update add nickname\&.example\&.com 86400 CNAME somehost\&.example\&.com > send -.sp .fi .PP -The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there -are no resource records of any type for -\fBnickname.example.com\fR. -If there are, the update request fails. -If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added. -This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the -long-standing rule in RFC1034 that a name must not exist as any other -record type if it exists as a CNAME. -(The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC2535 to allow CNAMEs to have -RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records.) +The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there are no resource records of any type for \fBnickname\&.example\&.com\fR\&. If there are, the update request fails\&. If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added\&. This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the long\-standing rule in RFC1034 that a name must not exist as any other record type if it exists as a CNAME\&. (The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC2535 to allow CNAMEs to have RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records\&.) .SH "FILES" .TP -\fB/etc/resolv.conf\fR +\fB/etc/resolv\&.conf\fR used to identify default name server .TP -\fBK{name}.+157.+{random}.key\fR -base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by -\fBdnssec-keygen\fR(8). +\fBK{name}\&.+157\&.+{random}\&.key\fR +base\-64 encoding of HMAC\-MD5 key created by \fBdnssec\-keygen\fR(8)\&. .TP -\fBK{name}.+157.+{random}.private\fR -base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by -\fBdnssec-keygen\fR(8). +\fBK{name}\&.+157\&.+{random}\&.private\fR +base\-64 encoding of HMAC\-MD5 key created by \fBdnssec\-keygen\fR(8)\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBRFC2136\fR, -\fBRFC3007\fR, -\fBRFC2104\fR, -\fBRFC2845\fR, -\fBRFC1034\fR, -\fBRFC2535\fR, -\fBRFC2931\fR, -\fBnamed\fR(8), -\fBdnssec-keygen\fR(8). +\fBRFC2136\fR(), \fBRFC3007\fR(), \fBRFC2104\fR(), \fBRFC2845\fR(), \fBRFC1034\fR(), \fBRFC2535\fR(), \fBRFC2931\fR(), \fBnamed\fR(8), \fBdnssec\-keygen\fR(8)\&. .SH "BUGS" .PP -The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files. -This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library -for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future -releases. +The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files\&. This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future releases\&. diff --git a/bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.html b/bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.html index 7a49223147..2b2aa36c76 100644 --- a/bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.html +++ b/bin/nsupdate/nsupdate.html @@ -1,972 +1,451 @@ + + + +nsupdate + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

nsupdate — Dynamic DNS update utility

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

nsupdate [-d] [[-y keyname:secret] | [-k keyfile]] [-t timeout] [-u udptimeout] [-r udpretries] [-v] [filename]

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

nsupdate + is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC2136 + to a name server. + This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone + without manually editing the zone file. + A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than + one + resource record. +

+

+ Zones that are under dynamic control via + nsupdate + or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand. + Manual edits could + conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost. +

+

+ The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with + nsupdate + have to be in the same zone. + Requests are sent to the zone's master server. + This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record. +

+

+ The + -d + option makes + nsupdate + operate in debug mode. + This provides tracing information about the update requests that are + made and the replies received from the name server. +

+

+ Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic DNS + updates. + These use the TSIG resource record type described in RFC2845 or the + SIG(0) record described in RFC3535 and RFC2931. + TSIG relies on a shared secret that should only be known to + nsupdate and the name server. + Currently, the only supported encryption algorithm for TSIG is + HMAC-MD5, which is defined in RFC 2104. + Once other algorithms are defined for TSIG, applications will need to + ensure they select the appropriate algorithm as well as the key when + authenticating each other. + For instance suitable + key + and + server + statements would be added to + /etc/named.conf + so that the name server can associate the appropriate secret key + and algorithm with the IP address of the + client application that will be using TSIG authentication. + SIG(0) uses public key cryptography. To use a SIG(0) key, the public + key must be stored in a KEY record in a zone served by the name server. + nsupdate + does not read + /etc/named.conf. +

+

nsupdate + uses the -y or -k + option (with an HMAC-MD5 key) to provide the shared secret needed to + generate + a TSIG record for authenticating Dynamic DNS update requests. + These options are mutually exclusive. + With the + -k + option, + nsupdate + reads the shared secret from the file + keyfile, + whose name is of the form + K{name}.+157.+{random}.private. + For historical + reasons, the file + K{name}.+157.+{random}.key + must also be present. When the + -y + option is used, a signature is generated from + keyname:secret. + keyname + is the name of the key, + and + secret + is the base64 encoded shared secret. + Use of the + -y + option is discouraged because the shared secret is supplied as a command + line argument in clear text. + This may be visible in the output from + ps(1) + or in a history file maintained by the user's shell. +

+

+ The -k may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used + to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key + specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key. +

+

+ By default + nsupdate + uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too + large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used. + The + -v + option makes + nsupdate + use a TCP connection. + This may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made. +

+

+ The -t option sets the maximum time a update request + can + take before it is aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be + used + to disable the timeout. +

+

+ The -u option sets the UDP retry interval. The default + is + 3 seconds. If zero the interval will be computed from the timeout + interval + and number of UDP retries. +

+

+ The -r option sets the number of UDP retries. The + default is + 3. If zero only one update request will be made. +

+
+
+

INPUT FORMAT

+

nsupdate + reads input from + filename + or standard input. + Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input. + Some commands are for administrative purposes. + The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the + contents of the zone. + These checks set conditions that some name or set of + resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone. + These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed. + Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions + fail. +

+

+ Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites + and zero or more updates. + This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some + specified resource records are present or missing from the zone. + A blank input line (or the send command) + causes the + accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the + name server. +

+

+ The command formats and their meaning are as follows: +

+
+

server {servername} [port]

+

+ Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server + servername. + When no server statement is provided, + nsupdate + will send updates to the master server of the correct zone. + The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the + master + server for that zone. + port + is the port number on + servername + where the dynamic update requests get sent. + If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of + 53 is + used. +

+

local {address} [port]

+

+ Sends all dynamic update requests using the local + address. - + When no local statement is provided, + nsupdate + will send updates using an address and port chosen by the + system. + port + can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific + port. + If no port number is specified, the system will assign one. +

+

zone {zonename}

+

+ Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone + zonename. + If no + zone + statement is provided, + nsupdate + will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the + rest of the input. +

+

class {classname}

+

+ Specify the default class. + If no class is specified the + default class is + IN. +

+

key {name} {secret}

+

+ Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG signed using the + keyname keysecret pair. + The key command + overrides any key specified on the command line via + -y or -k. +

+

prereq nxdomain {domain-name}

+

+ Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name + domain-name. +

+

prereq yxdomain {domain-name}

+

+ Requires that + domain-name + exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type). +

+

prereq nxrrset {domain-name} [class] {type}

+

+ Requires that no resource record exists of the specified + type, + class + and + domain-name. + If + class + is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed. +

+

prereq yxrrset {domain-name} [class] {type}

+

+ This requires that a resource record of the specified + type, + class + and + domain-name + must exist. + If + class + is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed. +

+

prereq yxrrset {domain-name} [class] {type} {data...}

+

+ The + data + from each set of prerequisites of this form + sharing a common + type, + class, + and + domain-name + are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must + exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the + given + type, + class, + and + domain-name. + The + data + are written in the standard text representation of the resource + record's + RDATA. +

+

update delete {domain-name} [ttl] [class] [type [data...]]

+

+ Deletes any resource records named + domain-name. + If + type + and + data + is provided, only matching resource records will be removed. + The internet class is assumed if + class + is not supplied. The + ttl + is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility. +

+

update add {domain-name} {ttl} [class] {type} {data...}

+

+ Adds a new resource record with the specified + ttl, + class + and + data. +

+

show

+

+ Displays the current message, containing all of the + prerequisites and + updates specified since the last send. +

+

send

+

+ Sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a + blank line. +

+

answer

+

+ Displays the answer. +

+
+

+

+

+ Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored. +

+
+
+

EXAMPLES

+

+ The examples below show how + nsupdate + could be used to insert and delete resource records from the + example.com + zone. + Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so + that + a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the + master name server for + example.com. - -nsupdate

nsupdate

Name

nsupdate -- Dynamic DNS update utility

Synopsis

nsupdate [-d] [-y keyname:secret | -k keyfile] [-t timeout] [-u udptimeout] [-r udpretries] [-v] [filename]

DESCRIPTION

nsupdate -is used to submit Dynamic DNS Update requests as defined in RFC2136 -to a name server. -This allows resource records to be added or removed from a zone -without manually editing the zone file. -A single update request can contain requests to add or remove more than one -resource record.

Zones that are under dynamic control via -nsupdate -or a DHCP server should not be edited by hand. -Manual edits could -conflict with dynamic updates and cause data to be lost.

The resource records that are dynamically added or removed with -nsupdate -have to be in the same zone. -Requests are sent to the zone's master server. -This is identified by the MNAME field of the zone's SOA record.

The --d -option makes -nsupdate -operate in debug mode. -This provides tracing information about the update requests that are -made and the replies received from the name server.

Transaction signatures can be used to authenticate the Dynamic DNS -updates. -These use the TSIG resource record type described in RFC2845 or the -SIG(0) record described in RFC3535 and RFC2931. -TSIG relies on a shared secret that should only be known to -nsupdate and the name server. -Currently, the only supported encryption algorithm for TSIG is -HMAC-MD5, which is defined in RFC 2104. -Once other algorithms are defined for TSIG, applications will need to -ensure they select the appropriate algorithm as well as the key when -authenticating each other. -For instance suitable -key -and -server -statements would be added to -/etc/named.conf -so that the name server can associate the appropriate secret key -and algorithm with the IP address of the -client application that will be using TSIG authentication. -SIG(0) uses public key cryptography. To use a SIG(0) key, the public -key must be stored in a KEY record in a zone served by the name server. -nsupdate -does not read -/etc/named.conf.

nsupdate -uses the --y -or --k -option (with an HMAC-MD5 key) to provide the shared secret needed to generate -a TSIG record for authenticating Dynamic DNS update requests. -These options are mutually exclusive. -With the --k -option, -nsupdate -reads the shared secret from the file -keyfile, -whose name is of the form -K{name}.+157.+{random}.private. -For historical -reasons, the file -K{name}.+157.+{random}.key -must also be present. When the --y -option is used, a signature is generated from -keyname:secret. -keyname -is the name of the key, -and -secret -is the base64 encoded shared secret. -Use of the --y -option is discouraged because the shared secret is supplied as a command -line argument in clear text. -This may be visible in the output from -ps(1) -or in a history file maintained by the user's shell.

The -k may also be used to specify a SIG(0) key used -to authenticate Dynamic DNS update requests. In this case, the key -specified is not an HMAC-MD5 key.

By default -nsupdate -uses UDP to send update requests to the name server unless they are too -large to fit in a UDP request in which case TCP will be used. -The --v -option makes -nsupdate -use a TCP connection. -This may be preferable when a batch of update requests is made.

The -t option sets the maximum time a update request can -take before it is aborted. The default is 300 seconds. Zero can be used -to disable the timeout.

The -u option sets the UDP retry interval. The default is -3 seconds. If zero the interval will be computed from the timeout interval -and number of UDP retries.

The -r option sets the number of UDP retries. The default is -3. If zero only one update request will be made.

INPUT FORMAT

nsupdate -reads input from -filename -or standard input. -Each command is supplied on exactly one line of input. -Some commands are for administrative purposes. -The others are either update instructions or prerequisite checks on the -contents of the zone. -These checks set conditions that some name or set of -resource records (RRset) either exists or is absent from the zone. -These conditions must be met if the entire update request is to succeed. -Updates will be rejected if the tests for the prerequisite conditions fail.

Every update request consists of zero or more prerequisites -and zero or more updates. -This allows a suitably authenticated update request to proceed if some -specified resource records are present or missing from the zone. -A blank input line (or the send command) causes the -accumulated commands to be sent as one Dynamic DNS update request to the -name server.

The command formats and their meaning are as follows: -

server {servername} [port]

Sends all dynamic update requests to the name server -servername. -When no server statement is provided, -nsupdate -will send updates to the master server of the correct zone. -The MNAME field of that zone's SOA record will identify the master -server for that zone. -port -is the port number on -servername -where the dynamic update requests get sent. -If no port number is specified, the default DNS port number of 53 is -used.

local {address} [port]

Sends all dynamic update requests using the local -address. +

+
+# nsupdate
+> update delete oldhost.example.com A
+> update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
+> send
+
+

+

+

+ Any A records for + oldhost.example.com + are deleted. + and an A record for + newhost.example.com + it IP address 172.16.1.1 is added. + The newly-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds) +

+
+# nsupdate
+> prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
+> update add nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com
+> send
+
+

+

+

+ The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there + are no resource records of any type for + nickname.example.com. -When no local statement is provided, -nsupdate -will send updates using an address and port chosen by the system. -port -can additionally be used to make requests come from a specific port. -If no port number is specified, the system will assign one.

zone {zonename}

Specifies that all updates are to be made to the zone -zonename. -If no -zone -statement is provided, -nsupdate -will attempt determine the correct zone to update based on the rest of the input.

class {classname}

Specify the default class. -If no class is specified the default class is -IN.

key {name} {secret}

Specifies that all updates are to be TSIG signed using the -keyname keysecret pair. -The key command -overrides any key specified on the command line via --y or -k.

prereq nxdomain {domain-name}

Requires that no resource record of any type exists with name -domain-name.

prereq yxdomain {domain-name}

Requires that -domain-name -exists (has as at least one resource record, of any type).

prereq nxrrset {domain-name} [class] {type}

Requires that no resource record exists of the specified -type, -class -and -domain-name. -If -class -is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.

prereq yxrrset {domain-name} [class] {type}

This requires that a resource record of the specified -type, -class -and -domain-name -must exist. -If -class -is omitted, IN (internet) is assumed.

prereq yxrrset {domain-name} [class] {type} {data...}

The -data -from each set of prerequisites of this form -sharing a common -type, -class, -and -domain-name -are combined to form a set of RRs. This set of RRs must -exactly match the set of RRs existing in the zone at the -given -type, -class, -and -domain-name. -The -data -are written in the standard text representation of the resource record's -RDATA.

update delete {domain-name} [ttl] [class] [type [data...]]

Deletes any resource records named -domain-name. -If -type -and -data -is provided, only matching resource records will be removed. -The internet class is assumed if -class -is not supplied. The -ttl -is ignored, and is only allowed for compatibility.

update add {domain-name} {ttl} [class] {type} {data...}

Adds a new resource record with the specified -ttl, -class -and -data.

show

Displays the current message, containing all of the prerequisites and -updates specified since the last send.

send

Sends the current message. This is equivalent to entering a blank line.

answer

Displays the answer.

Lines beginning with a semicolon are comments and are ignored.

EXAMPLES

The examples below show how -nsupdate -could be used to insert and delete resource records from the -example.com -zone. -Notice that the input in each example contains a trailing blank line so that -a group of commands are sent as one dynamic update request to the -master name server for -example.com. - -

# nsupdate
-> update delete oldhost.example.com A
-> update add newhost.example.com 86400 A 172.16.1.1
-> send

Any A records for -oldhost.example.com -are deleted. -and an A record for -newhost.example.com -it IP address 172.16.1.1 is added. -The newly-added record has a 1 day TTL (86400 seconds) -

# nsupdate
-> prereq nxdomain nickname.example.com
-> update add nickname.example.com 86400 CNAME somehost.example.com
-> send

The prerequisite condition gets the name server to check that there -are no resource records of any type for -nickname.example.com. - -If there are, the update request fails. -If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added. -This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the -long-standing rule in RFC1034 that a name must not exist as any other -record type if it exists as a CNAME. -(The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC2535 to allow CNAMEs to have -RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records.)

FILES

/etc/resolv.conf

used to identify default name server

K{name}.+157.+{random}.key

base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by -dnssec-keygen(8).

K{name}.+157.+{random}.private

base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by -dnssec-keygen(8).

SEE ALSO

RFC2136, -RFC3007, -RFC2104, -RFC2845, -RFC1034, -RFC2535, -RFC2931, -named(8), -dnssec-keygen(8).

BUGS

The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files. -This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library -for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future -releases.

+ If there are, the update request fails. + If this name does not exist, a CNAME for it is added. + This ensures that when the CNAME is added, it cannot conflict with the + long-standing rule in RFC1034 that a name must not exist as any other + record type if it exists as a CNAME. + (The rule has been updated for DNSSEC in RFC2535 to allow CNAMEs to have + RRSIG, DNSKEY and NSEC records.) +

+
+
+

FILES

+
+
/etc/resolv.conf
+

+ used to identify default name server +

+
K{name}.+157.+{random}.key
+

+ base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by + dnssec-keygen(8). +

+
K{name}.+157.+{random}.private
+

+ base-64 encoding of HMAC-MD5 key created by + dnssec-keygen(8). +

+
+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

RFC2136, + RFC3007, + RFC2104, + RFC2845, + RFC1034, + RFC2535, + RFC2931, + named(8), + dnssec-keygen(8). +

+
+
+

BUGS

+

+ The TSIG key is redundantly stored in two separate files. + This is a consequence of nsupdate using the DST library + for its cryptographic operations, and may change in future + releases. +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.8 b/bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.8 index 9d78dd351f..0f1a112e63 100644 --- a/bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.8 +++ b/bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.8 @@ -1,140 +1,93 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2001, 2003 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: rndc-confgen.8,v 1.13 2005/04/07 03:49:59 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "RNDC-CONFGEN" "8" "Aug 27, 2001" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "RNDC-CONFGEN" 8 "Aug 27, 2001" "" "" .SH NAME rndc-confgen \- rndc key generation tool -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBrndc-confgen\fR [ \fB-a\fR ] [ \fB-b \fIkeysize\fB\fR ] [ \fB-c \fIkeyfile\fB\fR ] [ \fB-h\fR ] [ \fB-k \fIkeyname\fB\fR ] [ \fB-p \fIport\fB\fR ] [ \fB-r \fIrandomfile\fB\fR ] [ \fB-s \fIaddress\fB\fR ] [ \fB-t \fIchrootdir\fB\fR ] [ \fB-u \fIuser\fB\fR ] +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 13 +\fBrndc\-confgen\fR [\fB\-a\fR] [\fB\-b\ \fIkeysize\fR\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fIkeyfile\fR\fR] [\fB\-h\fR] [\fB\-k\ \fIkeyname\fR\fR] [\fB\-p\ \fIport\fR\fR] [\fB\-r\ \fIrandomfile\fR\fR] [\fB\-s\ \fIaddress\fR\fR] [\fB\-t\ \fIchrootdir\fR\fR] [\fB\-u\ \fIuser\fR\fR] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBrndc-confgen\fR generates configuration files -for \fBrndc\fR. It can be used as a -convenient alternative to writing the -\fIrndc.conf\fR file -and the corresponding \fBcontrols\fR -and \fBkey\fR -statements in \fInamed.conf\fR by hand. -Alternatively, it can be run with the \fB-a\fR -option to set up a \fIrndc.key\fR file and -avoid the need for a \fIrndc.conf\fR file -and a \fBcontrols\fR statement altogether. +\fBrndc\-confgen\fR generates configuration files for \fBrndc\fR\&. It can be used as a convenient alternative to writing the \fIrndc\&.conf\fR file and the corresponding \fBcontrols\fR and \fBkey\fR statements in \fInamed\&.conf\fR by hand\&. Alternatively, it can be run with the \fB\-a\fR option to set up a \fIrndc\&.key\fR file and avoid the need for a \fIrndc\&.conf\fR file and a \fBcontrols\fR statement altogether\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .TP -\fB-a\fR -Do automatic \fBrndc\fR configuration. -This creates a file \fIrndc.key\fR -in \fI/etc\fR (or whatever -sysconfdir -was specified as when BIND was built) -that is read by both \fBrndc\fR -and \fBnamed\fR on startup. The -\fIrndc.key\fR file defines a default -command channel and authentication key allowing -\fBrndc\fR to communicate with -\fBnamed\fR on the local host -with no further configuration. - -Running \fBrndc-confgen -a\fR allows -BIND 9 and \fBrndc\fR to be used as drop-in -replacements for BIND 8 and \fBndc\fR, -with no changes to the existing BIND 8 -\fInamed.conf\fR file. - -If a more elaborate configuration than that -generated by \fBrndc-confgen -a\fR -is required, for example if rndc is to be used remotely, -you should run \fBrndc-confgen\fR without the -\fB-a\fR option and set up a -\fIrndc.conf\fR and -\fInamed.conf\fR -as directed. +\-a +Do automatic \fBrndc\fR configuration\&. This creates a file \fIrndc\&.key\fR in \fI/etc\fR (or whatever \fIsysconfdir\fR was specified as when BIND was built) that is read by both \fBrndc\fR and \fBnamed\fR on startup\&. The \fIrndc\&.key\fR file defines a default command channel and authentication key allowing \fBrndc\fR to communicate with \fBnamed\fR on the local host with no further configuration\&. +Running \fBrndc\-confgen \-a\fR allows BIND 9 and \fBrndc\fR to be used as drop\-in replacements for BIND 8 and \fBndc\fR, with no changes to the existing BIND 8 \fInamed\&.conf\fR file\&. +If a more elaborate configuration than that generated by \fBrndc\-confgen \-a\fR is required, for example if rndc is to be used remotely, you should run \fBrndc\-confgen\fR without the \fB\-a\fR option and set up a \fIrndc\&.conf\fR and \fInamed\&.conf\fR as directed\&. .TP -\fB-b \fIkeysize\fB\fR -Specifies the size of the authentication key in bits. -Must be between 1 and 512 bits; the default is 128. +\-b \fIkeysize\fR +Specifies the size of the authentication key in bits\&. Must be between 1 and 512 bits; the default is 128\&. .TP -\fB-c \fIkeyfile\fB\fR -Used with the \fB-a\fR option to specify -an alternate location for \fIrndc.key\fR. +\-c \fIkeyfile\fR +Used with the \fB\-a\fR option to specify an alternate location for \fIrndc\&.key\fR\&. .TP -\fB-h\fR -Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to -\fBrndc-confgen\fR. +\-h +Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to \fBrndc\-confgen\fR\&. .TP -\fB-k \fIkeyname\fB\fR -Specifies the key name of the rndc authentication key. -This must be a valid domain name. -The default is rndc-key. +\-k \fIkeyname\fR +Specifies the key name of the rndc authentication key\&. This must be a valid domain name\&. The default is \fBrndc\-key\fR\&. .TP -\fB-p \fIport\fB\fR -Specifies the command channel port where \fBnamed\fR -listens for connections from \fBrndc\fR. -The default is 953. +\-p \fIport\fR +Specifies the command channel port where \fBnamed\fR listens for connections from \fBrndc\fR\&. The default is 953\&. .TP -\fB-r \fIrandomfile\fB\fR -Specifies a source of random data for generating the -authorization. If the operating -system does not provide a \fI/dev/random\fR -or equivalent device, the default source of randomness -is keyboard input. \fIrandomdev\fR specifies -the name of a character device or file containing random -data to be used instead of the default. The special value -\fIkeyboard\fR indicates that keyboard -input should be used. +\-r \fIrandomfile\fR +Specifies a source of random data for generating the authorization\&. If the operating system does not provide a \fI/dev/random\fR or equivalent device, the default source of randomness is keyboard input\&. \fIrandomdev\fR specifies the name of a character device or file containing random data to be used instead of the default\&. The special value \fIkeyboard\fR indicates that keyboard input should be used\&. .TP -\fB-s \fIaddress\fB\fR -Specifies the IP address where \fBnamed\fR -listens for command channel connections from -\fBrndc\fR. The default is the loopback -address 127.0.0.1. +\-s \fIaddress\fR +Specifies the IP address where \fBnamed\fR listens for command channel connections from \fBrndc\fR\&. The default is the loopback address 127\&.0\&.0\&.1\&. .TP -\fB-t \fIchrootdir\fB\fR -Used with the \fB-a\fR option to specify -a directory where \fBnamed\fR will run -chrooted. An additional copy of the \fIrndc.key\fR -will be written relative to this directory so that -it will be found by the chrooted \fBnamed\fR. +\-t \fIchrootdir\fR +Used with the \fB\-a\fR option to specify a directory where \fBnamed\fR will run chrooted\&. An additional copy of the \fIrndc\&.key\fR will be written relative to this directory so that it will be found by the chrooted \fBnamed\fR\&. .TP -\fB-u \fIuser\fB\fR -Used with the \fB-a\fR option to set the owner -of the \fIrndc.key\fR file generated. If -\fB-t\fR is also specified only the file in -the chroot area has its owner changed. +\-u \fIuser\fR +Used with the \fB\-a\fR option to set the owner of the \fIrndc\&.key\fR file generated\&. If \fB\-t\fR is also specified only the file in the chroot area has its owner changed\&. .SH "EXAMPLES" .PP -To allow \fBrndc\fR to be used with -no manual configuration, run +To allow \fBrndc\fR to be used with no manual configuration, run .PP -\fBrndc-confgen -a\fR +\fBrndc\-confgen \-a\fR .PP -To print a sample \fIrndc.conf\fR file and -corresponding \fBcontrols\fR and \fBkey\fR -statements to be manually inserted into \fInamed.conf\fR, -run +To print a sample \fIrndc\&.conf\fR file and corresponding \fBcontrols\fR and \fBkey\fR statements to be manually inserted into \fInamed\&.conf\fR, run .PP -\fBrndc-confgen\fR +\fBrndc\-confgen\fR .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBrndc\fR(8), -\fBrndc.conf\fR(5), -\fBnamed\fR(8), -\fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR. +\fBrndc\fR(8), \fBrndc\&.conf\fR(5), \fBnamed\fR(8), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP -Internet Systems Consortium +Internet Systems Consortium diff --git a/bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.html b/bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.html index f7b60d7bd2..634fcd965e 100644 --- a/bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.html +++ b/bin/rndc/rndc-confgen.html @@ -1,570 +1,187 @@ - - - - -rndc-confgen

rndc-confgen

Name

rndc-confgen -- rndc key generation tool

Synopsis

rndc-confgen [-a] [-b keysize] [-c keyfile] [-h] [-k keyname] [-p port] [-r randomfile] [-s address] [-t chrootdir] [-u user]

DESCRIPTION

rndc-confgen generates configuration files - for rndc. It can be used as a - convenient alternative to writing the - rndc.conf file - and the corresponding controls - and key - statements in named.conf by hand. - Alternatively, it can be run with the -a - option to set up a rndc.key file and - avoid the need for a rndc.conf file - and a controls statement altogether. -

OPTIONS

-a

Do automatic rndc configuration. - This creates a file rndc.key - in /etc (or whatever - sysconfdir - was specified as when BIND was built) - that is read by both rndc - and named on startup. The - rndc.key file defines a default - command channel and authentication key allowing - rndc to communicate with - named on the local host - with no further configuration. -

Running rndc-confgen -a allows - BIND 9 and rndc to be used as drop-in - replacements for BIND 8 and ndc, - with no changes to the existing BIND 8 - named.conf file. -

If a more elaborate configuration than that - generated by rndc-confgen -a - is required, for example if rndc is to be used remotely, - you should run rndc-confgen without the - -a option and set up a - rndc.conf and - named.conf - as directed. -

-b keysize

Specifies the size of the authentication key in bits. - Must be between 1 and 512 bits; the default is 128. -

-c keyfile

Used with the -a option to specify - an alternate location for rndc.key. -

-h

Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to - rndc-confgen. -

-k keyname

Specifies the key name of the rndc authentication key. - This must be a valid domain name. - The default is rndc-key. -

-p port

Specifies the command channel port where named - listens for connections from rndc. - The default is 953. -

-r randomfile

Specifies a source of random data for generating the - authorization. If the operating - system does not provide a /dev/random - or equivalent device, the default source of randomness - is keyboard input. randomdev specifies - the name of a character device or file containing random - data to be used instead of the default. The special value - keyboard indicates that keyboard - input should be used. -

-s address

Specifies the IP address where named - listens for command channel connections from - rndc. The default is the loopback - address 127.0.0.1. -

-t chrootdir

Used with the -a option to specify - a directory where named will run - chrooted. An additional copy of the rndc.key - will be written relative to this directory so that - it will be found by the chrooted named. -

-u user

Used with the -a option to set the owner - of the rndc.key file generated. If - -t is also specified only the file in - the chroot area has its owner changed. -

EXAMPLES

To allow rndc to be used with - no manual configuration, run -

rndc-confgen -a -

To print a sample rndc.conf file and - corresponding controls and key - statements to be manually inserted into named.conf, - run -

rndc-confgen -

SEE ALSO

rndc(8), - rndc.conf(5), - named(8), - BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. -

AUTHOR

Internet Systems Consortium -

+ + + +rndc-confgen + + +
+
+
+

Name

+

rndc-confgen — rndc key generation tool

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

rndc-confgen [-a] [-b keysize] [-c keyfile] [-h] [-k keyname] [-p port] [-r randomfile] [-s address] [-t chrootdir] [-u user]

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

rndc-confgen + generates configuration files + for rndc. It can be used as a + convenient alternative to writing the + rndc.conf file + and the corresponding controls + and key + statements in named.conf by hand. + Alternatively, it can be run with the -a + option to set up a rndc.key file and + avoid the need for a rndc.conf file + and a controls statement altogether. +

+
+
+

OPTIONS

+
+
-a
+
+

+ Do automatic rndc configuration. + This creates a file rndc.key + in /etc (or whatever + sysconfdir + was specified as when BIND was + built) + that is read by both rndc + and named on startup. The + rndc.key file defines a default + command channel and authentication key allowing + rndc to communicate with + named on the local host + with no further configuration. +

+

+ Running rndc-confgen -a allows + BIND 9 and rndc to be used as + drop-in + replacements for BIND 8 and ndc, + with no changes to the existing BIND 8 + named.conf file. +

+

+ If a more elaborate configuration than that + generated by rndc-confgen -a + is required, for example if rndc is to be used remotely, + you should run rndc-confgen without + the + -a option and set up a + rndc.conf and + named.conf + as directed. +

+
+
-b keysize
+

+ Specifies the size of the authentication key in bits. + Must be between 1 and 512 bits; the default is 128. +

+
-c keyfile
+

+ Used with the -a option to specify + an alternate location for rndc.key. +

+
-h
+

+ Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to + rndc-confgen. +

+
-k keyname
+

+ Specifies the key name of the rndc authentication key. + This must be a valid domain name. + The default is rndc-key. +

+
-p port
+

+ Specifies the command channel port where named + listens for connections from rndc. + The default is 953. +

+
-r randomfile
+

+ Specifies a source of random data for generating the + authorization. If the operating + system does not provide a /dev/random + or equivalent device, the default source of randomness + is keyboard input. randomdev + specifies + the name of a character device or file containing random + data to be used instead of the default. The special value + keyboard indicates that keyboard + input should be used. +

+
-s address
+

+ Specifies the IP address where named + listens for command channel connections from + rndc. The default is the loopback + address 127.0.0.1. +

+
-t chrootdir
+

+ Used with the -a option to specify + a directory where named will run + chrooted. An additional copy of the rndc.key + will be written relative to this directory so that + it will be found by the chrooted named. +

+
-u user
+

+ Used with the -a option to set the + owner + of the rndc.key file generated. + If + -t is also specified only the file + in + the chroot area has its owner changed. +

+
+
+
+

EXAMPLES

+

+ To allow rndc to be used with + no manual configuration, run +

+

rndc-confgen -a +

+

+ To print a sample rndc.conf file and + corresponding controls and key + statements to be manually inserted into named.conf, + run +

+

rndc-confgen +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

rndc(8), + rndc.conf(5), + named(8), + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. +

+
+
+

AUTHOR

+

Internet Systems Consortium +

+
+
+ diff --git a/bin/rndc/rndc.8 b/bin/rndc/rndc.8 index ee98cd0c9b..bf97717898 100644 --- a/bin/rndc/rndc.8 +++ b/bin/rndc/rndc.8 @@ -1,124 +1,86 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: rndc.8,v 1.31 2005/04/07 03:49:59 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "RNDC" "8" "June 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "RNDC" 8 "June 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME rndc \- name server control utility -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBrndc\fR [ \fB-b \fIsource-address\fB\fR ] [ \fB-c \fIconfig-file\fB\fR ] [ \fB-k \fIkey-file\fB\fR ] [ \fB-s \fIserver\fB\fR ] [ \fB-p \fIport\fB\fR ] [ \fB-V\fR ] [ \fB-y \fIkey_id\fB\fR ] \fBcommand\fR +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 5 +\fBrndc\fR [\fB\-b\ \fIsource\-address\fR\fR] [\fB\-c\ \fIconfig\-file\fR\fR] [\fB\-k\ \fIkey\-file\fR\fR] [\fB\-s\ \fIserver\fR\fR] [\fB\-p\ \fIport\fR\fR] [\fB\-V\fR] [\fB\-y\ \fIkey_id\fR\fR] {command} .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fBrndc\fR controls the operation of a name -server. It supersedes the \fBndc\fR utility -that was provided in old BIND releases. If -\fBrndc\fR is invoked with no command line -options or arguments, it prints a short summary of the -supported commands and the available options and their -arguments. +\fBrndc\fR controls the operation of a name server\&. It supersedes the \fBndc\fR utility that was provided in old BIND releases\&. If \fBrndc\fR is invoked with no command line options or arguments, it prints a short summary of the supported commands and the available options and their arguments\&. .PP -\fBrndc\fR communicates with the name server -over a TCP connection, sending commands authenticated with -digital signatures. In the current versions of -\fBrndc\fR and \fBnamed\fR named -the only supported authentication algorithm is HMAC-MD5, -which uses a shared secret on each end of the connection. -This provides TSIG-style authentication for the command -request and the name server's response. All commands sent -over the channel must be signed by a key_id known to the -server. +\fBrndc\fR communicates with the name server over a TCP connection, sending commands authenticated with digital signatures\&. In the current versions of \fBrndc\fR and \fBnamed\fR named the only supported authentication algorithm is HMAC\-MD5, which uses a shared secret on each end of the connection\&. This provides TSIG\-style authentication for the command request and the name server's response\&. All commands sent over the channel must be signed by a key_id known to the server\&. .PP -\fBrndc\fR reads a configuration file to -determine how to contact the name server and decide what -algorithm and key it should use. +\fBrndc\fR reads a configuration file to determine how to contact the name server and decide what algorithm and key it should use\&. .SH "OPTIONS" .TP -\fB-b \fIsource-address\fB\fR -Use \fIsource-address\fR -as the source address for the connection to the server. -Multiple instances are permitted to allow setting of both -the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses. +\-b \fIsource\-address\fR +Use \fIsource\-address\fR as the source address for the connection to the server\&. Multiple instances are permitted to allow setting of both the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses\&. .TP -\fB-c \fIconfig-file\fB\fR -Use \fIconfig-file\fR -as the configuration file instead of the default, -\fI/etc/rndc.conf\fR. +\-c \fIconfig\-file\fR +Use \fIconfig\-file\fR as the configuration file instead of the default, \fI/etc/rndc\&.conf\fR\&. .TP -\fB-k \fIkey-file\fB\fR -Use \fIkey-file\fR -as the key file instead of the default, -\fI/etc/rndc.key\fR. The key in -\fI/etc/rndc.key\fR will be used to authenticate -commands sent to the server if the \fIconfig-file\fR -does not exist. +\-k \fIkey\-file\fR +Use \fIkey\-file\fR as the key file instead of the default, \fI/etc/rndc\&.key\fR\&. The key in \fI/etc/rndc\&.key\fR will be used to authenticate commands sent to the server if the \fIconfig\-file\fR does not exist\&. .TP -\fB-s \fIserver\fB\fR -\fIserver\fR is -the name or address of the server which matches a -server statement in the configuration file for -\fBrndc\fR. If no server is supplied on the -command line, the host named by the default-server clause -in the option statement of the configuration file will be -used. +\-s \fIserver\fR +\fIserver\fR is the name or address of the server which matches a server statement in the configuration file for \fBrndc\fR\&. If no server is supplied on the command line, the host named by the default\-server clause in the option statement of the configuration file will be used\&. .TP -\fB-p \fIport\fB\fR -Send commands to TCP port -\fIport\fR instead -of BIND 9's default control channel port, 953. +\-p \fIport\fR +Send commands to TCP port \fIport\fR instead of BIND 9's default control channel port, 953\&. .TP -\fB-V\fR -Enable verbose logging. +\-V +Enable verbose logging\&. .TP -\fB-y \fIkeyid\fB\fR -Use the key \fIkeyid\fR -from the configuration file. -\fIkeyid\fR must be -known by named with the same algorithm and secret string -in order for control message validation to succeed. -If no \fIkeyid\fR -is specified, \fBrndc\fR will first look -for a key clause in the server statement of the server -being used, or if no server statement is present for that -host, then the default-key clause of the options statement. -Note that the configuration file contains shared secrets -which are used to send authenticated control commands -to name servers. It should therefore not have general read -or write access. -.PP -For the complete set of commands supported by \fBrndc\fR, -see the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual or run -\fBrndc\fR without arguments to see its help message. +\-y \fIkeyid\fR +Use the key \fIkeyid\fR from the configuration file\&. \fIkeyid\fR must be known by named with the same algorithm and secret string in order for control message validation to succeed\&. If no \fIkeyid\fR is specified, \fBrndc\fR will first look for a key clause in the server statement of the server being used, or if no server statement is present for that host, then the default\-key clause of the options statement\&. Note that the configuration file contains shared secrets which are used to send authenticated control commands to name servers\&. It should therefore not have general read or write access\&. .PP +For the complete set of commands supported by \fBrndc\fR, see the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual or run \fBrndc\fR without arguments to see its help message\&. .SH "LIMITATIONS" .PP -\fBrndc\fR does not yet support all the commands of -the BIND 8 \fBndc\fR utility. +\fBrndc\fR does not yet support all the commands of the BIND 8 \fBndc\fR utility\&. .PP -There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a -\fBkey_id\fR without using the configuration file. +There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a \fBkey_id\fR without using the configuration file\&. .PP -Several error messages could be clearer. +Several error messages could be clearer\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBrndc.conf\fR(5), -\fBnamed\fR(8), -\fBnamed.conf\fR(5) -\fBndc\fR(8), -\fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR. +\fBrndc\&.conf\fR(5), \fBnamed\fR(8), \fBnamed\&.conf\fR(5) \fBndc\fR(8), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP -Internet Systems Consortium +Internet Systems Consortium diff --git a/bin/rndc/rndc.conf.5 b/bin/rndc/rndc.conf.5 index fa8673069c..6ac8195837 100644 --- a/bin/rndc/rndc.conf.5 +++ b/bin/rndc/rndc.conf.5 @@ -1,35 +1,48 @@ -.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") -.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium. -.\" +.\" Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") +.\" Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium +.\" .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. -.\" +.\" .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH .\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY -.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, +.\" AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, .\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM .\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE .\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR .\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -.\" -.\" $Id: rndc.conf.5,v 1.29 2005/04/07 03:49:59 marka Exp $ -.\" -.TH "RNDC.CONF" "5" "June 30, 2000" "BIND9" "" +.\" +.hy 0 +.ad l +.\"Generated by db2man.xsl. Don't modify this, modify the source. +.de Sh \" Subsection +.br +.if t .Sp +.ne 5 +.PP +\fB\\$1\fR +.PP +.. +.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) +.if t .sp .5v +.if n .sp +.. +.de Ip \" List item +.br +.ie \\n(.$>=3 .ne \\$3 +.el .ne 3 +.IP "\\$1" \\$2 +.. +.TH "RNDC.CONF" 5 "June 30, 2000" "" "" .SH NAME rndc.conf \- rndc configuration file -.SH SYNOPSIS -.sp -\fBrndc.conf\fR +.SH "SYNOPSIS" +.HP 10 +\fBrndc\&.conf\fR .SH "DESCRIPTION" .PP -\fIrndc.conf\fR is the configuration file -for \fBrndc\fR, the BIND 9 name server control -utility. This file has a similar structure and syntax to -\fInamed.conf\fR. Statements are enclosed -in braces and terminated with a semi-colon. Clauses in -the statements are also semi-colon terminated. The usual -comment styles are supported: +\fIrndc\&.conf\fR is the configuration file for \fBrndc\fR, the BIND 9 name server control utility\&. This file has a similar structure and syntax to \fInamed\&.conf\fR\&. Statements are enclosed in braces and terminated with a semi\-colon\&. Clauses in the statements are also semi\-colon terminated\&. The usual comment styles are supported: .PP C style: /* */ .PP @@ -37,129 +50,70 @@ C++ style: // to end of line .PP Unix style: # to end of line .PP -\fIrndc.conf\fR is much simpler than -\fInamed.conf\fR. The file uses three -statements: an options statement, a server statement -and a key statement. -.PP -The \fBoptions\fR statement contains five clauses. -The \fBdefault-server\fR clause is followed by the -name or address of a name server. This host will be used when -no name server is given as an argument to -\fBrndc\fR. The \fBdefault-key\fR -clause is followed by the name of a key which is identified by -a \fBkey\fR statement. If no -\fBkeyid\fR is provided on the rndc command line, -and no \fBkey\fR clause is found in a matching -\fBserver\fR statement, this default key will be -used to authenticate the server's commands and responses. The -\fBdefault-port\fR clause is followed by the port -to connect to on the remote name server. If no -\fBport\fR option is provided on the rndc command -line, and no \fBport\fR clause is found in a -matching \fBserver\fR statement, this default port -will be used to connect. -The \fBdefault-source-address\fR and -\fBdefault-source-address-v6\fR clauses which -can be used to set the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses -respectively. -.PP -After the \fBserver\fR keyword, the server -statement includes a string which is the hostname or address -for a name server. The statement has three possible clauses: -\fBkey\fR, \fBport\fR and -\fBaddresses\fR. The key name must match the -name of a key statement in the file. The port number -specifies the port to connect to. If an \fBaddresses\fR -clause is supplied these addresses will be used instead of -the server name. Each address can take a optional port. -If an \fBsource-address\fR or \fBsource-address-v6\fR -of supplied then these will be used to specify the IPv4 and IPv6 -source addresses respectively. -.PP -The \fBkey\fR statement begins with an identifying -string, the name of the key. The statement has two clauses. -\fBalgorithm\fR identifies the encryption algorithm -for \fBrndc\fR to use; currently only HMAC-MD5 is -supported. This is followed by a secret clause which contains -the base-64 encoding of the algorithm's encryption key. The -base-64 string is enclosed in double quotes. -.PP -There are two common ways to generate the base-64 string for the -secret. The BIND 9 program \fBrndc-confgen\fR can -be used to generate a random key, or the -\fBmmencode\fR program, also known as -\fBmimencode\fR, can be used to generate a base-64 -string from known input. \fBmmencode\fR does not -ship with BIND 9 but is available on many systems. See the -EXAMPLE section for sample command lines for each. +\fIrndc\&.conf\fR is much simpler than \fInamed\&.conf\fR\&. The file uses three statements: an options statement, a server statement and a key statement\&. +.PP +The \fBoptions\fR statement contains five clauses\&. The \fBdefault\-server\fR clause is followed by the name or address of a name server\&. This host will be used when no name server is given as an argument to \fBrndc\fR\&. The \fBdefault\-key\fR clause is followed by the name of a key which is identified by a \fBkey\fR statement\&. If no \fBkeyid\fR is provided on the rndc command line, and no \fBkey\fR clause is found in a matching \fBserver\fR statement, this default key will be used to authenticate the server's commands and responses\&. The \fBdefault\-port\fR clause is followed by the port to connect to on the remote name server\&. If no \fBport\fR option is provided on the rndc command line, and no \fBport\fR clause is found in a matching \fBserver\fR statement, this default port will be used to connect\&. The \fBdefault\-source\-address\fR and \fBdefault\-source\-address\-v6\fR clauses which can be used to set the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses respectively\&. +.PP +After the \fBserver\fR keyword, the server statement includes a string which is the hostname or address for a name server\&. The statement has three possible clauses: \fBkey\fR, \fBport\fR and \fBaddresses\fR\&. The key name must match the name of a key statement in the file\&. The port number specifies the port to connect to\&. If an \fBaddresses\fR clause is supplied these addresses will be used instead of the server name\&. Each address can take a optional port\&. If an \fBsource\-address\fR or \fBsource\-address\-v6\fR of supplied then these will be used to specify the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses respectively\&. +.PP +The \fBkey\fR statement begins with an identifying string, the name of the key\&. The statement has two clauses\&. \fBalgorithm\fR identifies the encryption algorithm for \fBrndc\fR to use; currently only HMAC\-MD5 is supported\&. This is followed by a secret clause which contains the base\-64 encoding of the algorithm's encryption key\&. The base\-64 string is enclosed in double quotes\&. +.PP +There are two common ways to generate the base\-64 string for the secret\&. The BIND 9 program \fBrndc\-confgen\fR can be used to generate a random key, or the \fBmmencode\fR program, also known as \fBmimencode\fR, can be used to generate a base\-64 string from known input\&. \fBmmencode\fR does not ship with BIND 9 but is available on many systems\&. See the EXAMPLE section for sample command lines for each\&. .SH "EXAMPLE" -.sp +.PP .nf options { - default-server localhost; - default-key samplekey; + default\-server localhost; + default\-key samplekey; }; - +.fi +.PP +.nf server localhost { key samplekey; }; - +.fi +.PP +.nf server testserver { key testkey; addresses { localhost port 5353; }; }; - +.fi +.PP +.nf key samplekey { - algorithm hmac-md5; + algorithm hmac\-md5; secret "6FMfj43Osz4lyb24OIe2iGEz9lf1llJO+lz"; }; - +.fi +.PP +.nf key testkey { - algorithm hmac-md5; + algorithm hmac\-md5; secret "R3HI8P6BKw9ZwXwN3VZKuQ=="; } - -.sp .fi .PP -In the above example, \fBrndc\fR will by default use -the server at localhost (127.0.0.1) and the key called samplekey. -Commands to the localhost server will use the samplekey key, which -must also be defined in the server's configuration file with the -same name and secret. The key statement indicates that samplekey -uses the HMAC-MD5 algorithm and its secret clause contains the -base-64 encoding of the HMAC-MD5 secret enclosed in double quotes. +In the above example, \fBrndc\fR will by default use the server at localhost (127\&.0\&.0\&.1) and the key called samplekey\&. Commands to the localhost server will use the samplekey key, which must also be defined in the server's configuration file with the same name and secret\&. The key statement indicates that samplekey uses the HMAC\-MD5 algorithm and its secret clause contains the base\-64 encoding of the HMAC\-MD5 secret enclosed in double quotes\&. .PP -If \fBrndc -s testserver\fR is used then \fBrndc\fR will -connect to server on localhost port 5353 using the key testkey. +If \fBrndc \-s testserver\fR is used then \fBrndc\fR will connect to server on localhost port 5353 using the key testkey\&. .PP -To generate a random secret with \fBrndc-confgen\fR: +To generate a random secret with \fBrndc\-confgen\fR: .PP -\fBrndc-confgen\fR +\fBrndc\-confgen\fR .PP -A complete \fIrndc.conf\fR file, including the -randomly generated key, will be written to the standard -output. Commented out \fBkey\fR and -\fBcontrols\fR statements for -\fInamed.conf\fR are also printed. +A complete \fIrndc\&.conf\fR file, including the randomly generated key, will be written to the standard output\&. Commented out \fBkey\fR and \fBcontrols\fR statements for \fInamed\&.conf\fR are also printed\&. .PP -To generate a base-64 secret with \fBmmencode\fR: +To generate a base\-64 secret with \fBmmencode\fR: .PP -\fBecho "known plaintext for a secret" | mmencode\fR +\fBecho "known plaintext for a secret" | mmencode\fR .SH "NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION" .PP -The name server must be configured to accept rndc connections and -to recognize the key specified in the \fIrndc.conf\fR -file, using the controls statement in \fInamed.conf\fR. -See the sections on the \fBcontrols\fR statement in the -BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual for details. +The name server must be configured to accept rndc connections and to recognize the key specified in the \fIrndc\&.conf\fR file, using the controls statement in \fInamed\&.conf\fR\&. See the sections on the \fBcontrols\fR statement in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual for details\&. .SH "SEE ALSO" .PP -\fBrndc\fR(8), -\fBrndc-confgen\fR(8), -\fBmmencode\fR(1), -\fIBIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\fR. +\fBrndc\fR(8), \fBrndc\-confgen\fR(8), \fBmmencode\fR(1), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual\&. .SH "AUTHOR" .PP -Internet Systems Consortium +Internet Systems Consortium diff --git a/bin/rndc/rndc.conf.html b/bin/rndc/rndc.conf.html index c380f63c9f..6f2fc5c9dd 100644 --- a/bin/rndc/rndc.conf.html +++ b/bin/rndc/rndc.conf.html @@ -1,425 +1,216 @@ - - - - -rndc.conf

rndc.conf

Name

rndc.conf -- rndc configuration file

Synopsis

rndc.conf

DESCRIPTION

rndc.conf is the configuration file - for rndc, the BIND 9 name server control - utility. This file has a similar structure and syntax to - named.conf. Statements are enclosed - in braces and terminated with a semi-colon. Clauses in - the statements are also semi-colon terminated. The usual - comment styles are supported: -

C style: /* */ -

C++ style: // to end of line -

Unix style: # to end of line -

rndc.conf is much simpler than - named.conf. The file uses three - statements: an options statement, a server statement - and a key statement. -

The options statement contains five clauses. - The default-server clause is followed by the - name or address of a name server. This host will be used when - no name server is given as an argument to - rndc. The default-key - clause is followed by the name of a key which is identified by - a key statement. If no - keyid is provided on the rndc command line, - and no key clause is found in a matching - server statement, this default key will be - used to authenticate the server's commands and responses. The - default-port clause is followed by the port - to connect to on the remote name server. If no - port option is provided on the rndc command - line, and no port clause is found in a - matching server statement, this default port - will be used to connect. - The default-source-address and - default-source-address-v6 clauses which - can be used to set the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses - respectively. -

After the server keyword, the server - statement includes a string which is the hostname or address - for a name server. The statement has three possible clauses: - key, port and - addresses. The key name must match the - name of a key statement in the file. The port number - specifies the port to connect to. If an addresses - clause is supplied these addresses will be used instead of - the server name. Each address can take a optional port. - If an source-address or source-address-v6 - of supplied then these will be used to specify the IPv4 and IPv6 - source addresses respectively. -

The key statement begins with an identifying - string, the name of the key. The statement has two clauses. - algorithm identifies the encryption algorithm - for rndc to use; currently only HMAC-MD5 is - supported. This is followed by a secret clause which contains - the base-64 encoding of the algorithm's encryption key. The - base-64 string is enclosed in double quotes. -

There are two common ways to generate the base-64 string for the - secret. The BIND 9 program rndc-confgen can - be used to generate a random key, or the - mmencode program, also known as - mimencode, can be used to generate a base-64 - string from known input. mmencode does not - ship with BIND 9 but is available on many systems. See the - EXAMPLE section for sample command lines for each. -

EXAMPLE

      options {
+
+
+
+rndc.conf
+
+
+

+

+

+
Name

+
rndc.conf — rndc configuration file

+

+

+
Synopsis

+
rndc.conf 

+

+

+
DESCRIPTION

+
rndc.conf is the configuration file
+      for rndc, the BIND 9 name server control
+      utility.  This file has a similar structure and syntax to
+      named.conf.  Statements are enclosed
+      in braces and terminated with a semi-colon.  Clauses in
+      the statements are also semi-colon terminated.  The usual
+      comment styles are supported:
+    

+

+      C style: /* */
+    

+

+      C++ style: // to end of line
+    

+

+      Unix style: # to end of line
+    

+
rndc.conf is much simpler than
+      named.conf.  The file uses three
+      statements: an options statement, a server statement
+      and a key statement.
+    

+

+      The options statement contains five clauses.
+      The default-server clause is followed by the
+      name or address of a name server.  This host will be used when
+      no name server is given as an argument to
+      rndc.  The default-key
+      clause is followed by the name of a key which is identified by
+      a key statement.  If no
+      keyid is provided on the rndc command line,
+      and no key clause is found in a matching
+      server statement, this default key will be
+      used to authenticate the server's commands and responses.  The
+      default-port clause is followed by the port
+      to connect to on the remote name server.  If no
+      port option is provided on the rndc command
+      line, and no port clause is found in a
+      matching server statement, this default port
+      will be used to connect.
+      The default-source-address and
+      default-source-address-v6 clauses which
+      can be used to set the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses
+      respectively.
+    

+

+      After the server keyword, the server
+      statement includes a string which is the hostname or address
+      for a name server.  The statement has three possible clauses:
+      key, port and
+      addresses. The key name must match the
+      name of a key statement in the file.  The port number
+      specifies the port to connect to.  If an addresses
+      clause is supplied these addresses will be used instead of
+      the server name.  Each address can take a optional port.
+      If an source-address or source-address-v6
+      of supplied then these will be used to specify the IPv4 and IPv6
+      source addresses respectively.
+    

+

+      The key statement begins with an identifying
+      string, the name of the key.  The statement has two clauses.
+      algorithm identifies the encryption algorithm
+      for rndc to use; currently only HMAC-MD5
+      is
+      supported.  This is followed by a secret clause which contains
+      the base-64 encoding of the algorithm's encryption key.  The
+      base-64 string is enclosed in double quotes.
+    

+

+      There are two common ways to generate the base-64 string for the
+      secret.  The BIND 9 program rndc-confgen
+      can
+      be used to generate a random key, or the
+      mmencode program, also known as
+      mimencode, can be used to generate a
+      base-64
+      string from known input.  mmencode does
+      not
+      ship with BIND 9 but is available on many systems.  See the
+      EXAMPLE section for sample command lines for each.
+    

+

+

+
EXAMPLE

+
+      options {
         default-server  localhost;
         default-key     samplekey;
       };
-
+

+

+    

+
       server localhost {
         key             samplekey;
       };
-
+

+

+    

+
       server testserver {
         key		testkey;
         addresses	{ localhost port 5353; };
       };
-
+

+

+    

+
       key samplekey {
         algorithm       hmac-md5;
         secret          "6FMfj43Osz4lyb24OIe2iGEz9lf1llJO+lz";
       };
-	
+

+

+    

+
       key testkey {
         algorithm	hmac-md5;
         secret		"R3HI8P6BKw9ZwXwN3VZKuQ==";
       }
-    
        In the above example, rndc will by default use
-	the server at localhost (127.0.0.1) and the key called samplekey.
-	Commands to the localhost server will use the samplekey key, which
-	must also be defined in the server's configuration file with the
-	same name and secret.  The key statement indicates that samplekey
-	uses the HMAC-MD5 algorithm and its secret clause contains the
-	base-64 encoding of the HMAC-MD5 secret enclosed in double quotes.
-    
	If rndc -s testserver is used then rndc will
-	connect to server on localhost port 5353 using the key testkey.
-    
        To generate a random secret with rndc-confgen:
-    
        rndc-confgen
-    
        A complete rndc.conf file, including the
-        randomly generated key, will be written to the standard
-        output.  Commented out key and
-        controls statements for
-        named.conf are also printed.
-    
        To generate a base-64 secret with mmencode:
-    
        echo "known plaintext for a secret" | mmencode
-    
NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION
        The name server must be configured to accept rndc connections and
-	to recognize the key specified in the rndc.conf
-	file, using the controls statement in named.conf.
-	See the sections on the controls statement in the
-	BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual for details.
-    
SEE ALSO
      rndc(8),
-      rndc-confgen(8),
-      mmencode(1),
-      BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.
-    
AUTHOR
        Internet Systems Consortium
-    

+
+

+

+

+ In the above example, rndc will by + default use + the server at localhost (127.0.0.1) and the key called samplekey. + Commands to the localhost server will use the samplekey key, which + must also be defined in the server's configuration file with the + same name and secret. The key statement indicates that samplekey + uses the HMAC-MD5 algorithm and its secret clause contains the + base-64 encoding of the HMAC-MD5 secret enclosed in double quotes. +

+

+ If rndc -s testserver is used then rndc will + connect to server on localhost port 5353 using the key testkey. +

+

+ To generate a random secret with rndc-confgen: +

+

rndc-confgen +

+

+ A complete rndc.conf file, including + the + randomly generated key, will be written to the standard + output. Commented out key and + controls statements for + named.conf are also printed. +

+

+ To generate a base-64 secret with mmencode: +

+

echo "known plaintext for a secret" | mmencode +

+
+
+

NAME SERVER CONFIGURATION

+

+ The name server must be configured to accept rndc connections and + to recognize the key specified in the rndc.conf + file, using the controls statement in named.conf. + See the sections on the controls statement in the + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual for details. +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

rndc(8), + rndc-confgen(8), + mmencode(1), + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. +

+
+
+

AUTHOR

+

Internet Systems Consortium +

+
+ + diff --git a/bin/rndc/rndc.html b/bin/rndc/rndc.html index b24ae4faea..0b9164502f 100644 --- a/bin/rndc/rndc.html +++ b/bin/rndc/rndc.html @@ -1,452 +1,164 @@ - - - - -rndc

rndc

Name

rndc -- name server control utility

Synopsis

rndc [-b source-address] [-c config-file] [-k key-file] [-s server] [-p port] [-V] [-y key_id] {command}

DESCRIPTION

rndc controls the operation of a name - server. It supersedes the ndc utility - that was provided in old BIND releases. If - rndc is invoked with no command line - options or arguments, it prints a short summary of the - supported commands and the available options and their - arguments. -

rndc communicates with the name server - over a TCP connection, sending commands authenticated with - digital signatures. In the current versions of - rndc and named named - the only supported authentication algorithm is HMAC-MD5, - which uses a shared secret on each end of the connection. - This provides TSIG-style authentication for the command - request and the name server's response. All commands sent - over the channel must be signed by a key_id known to the - server. -

rndc reads a configuration file to - determine how to contact the name server and decide what - algorithm and key it should use. -

OPTIONS

-b source-address

Use source-address - as the source address for the connection to the server. - Multiple instances are permitted to allow setting of both - the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses. -

-c config-file

Use config-file - as the configuration file instead of the default, - /etc/rndc.conf. -

-k key-file

Use key-file - as the key file instead of the default, - /etc/rndc.key. The key in - /etc/rndc.key will be used to authenticate - commands sent to the server if the config-file - does not exist. -

-s server

server is - the name or address of the server which matches a - server statement in the configuration file for - rndc. If no server is supplied on the - command line, the host named by the default-server clause - in the option statement of the configuration file will be - used. -

-p port

Send commands to TCP port - port instead - of BIND 9's default control channel port, 953. -

-V

Enable verbose logging. -

-y keyid

Use the key keyid - from the configuration file. - keyid must be - known by named with the same algorithm and secret string - in order for control message validation to succeed. - If no keyid - is specified, rndc will first look - for a key clause in the server statement of the server - being used, or if no server statement is present for that - host, then the default-key clause of the options statement. - Note that the configuration file contains shared secrets - which are used to send authenticated control commands - to name servers. It should therefore not have general read - or write access. -

For the complete set of commands supported by rndc, + + + +rndc + + +

+
+
+

Name

+

rndc — name server control utility

+
+
+

Synopsis

+

rndc [-b source-address] [-c config-file] [-k key-file] [-s server] [-p port] [-V] [-y key_id] {command}

+
+
+

DESCRIPTION

+

rndc + controls the operation of a name + server. It supersedes the ndc utility + that was provided in old BIND releases. If + rndc is invoked with no command line + options or arguments, it prints a short summary of the + supported commands and the available options and their + arguments. +

+

rndc + communicates with the name server + over a TCP connection, sending commands authenticated with + digital signatures. In the current versions of + rndc and named named + the only supported authentication algorithm is HMAC-MD5, + which uses a shared secret on each end of the connection. + This provides TSIG-style authentication for the command + request and the name server's response. All commands sent + over the channel must be signed by a key_id known to the + server. +

+

rndc + reads a configuration file to + determine how to contact the name server and decide what + algorithm and key it should use. +

+
+
+

OPTIONS

+
+
-b source-address
+

+ Use source-address + as the source address for the connection to the server. + Multiple instances are permitted to allow setting of both + the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses. +

+
-c config-file
+

+ Use config-file + as the configuration file instead of the default, + /etc/rndc.conf. +

+
-k key-file
+

+ Use key-file + as the key file instead of the default, + /etc/rndc.key. The key in + /etc/rndc.key will be used to + authenticate + commands sent to the server if the config-file + does not exist. +

+
-s server
+

server is + the name or address of the server which matches a + server statement in the configuration file for + rndc. If no server is supplied on + the + command line, the host named by the default-server clause + in the option statement of the configuration file will be + used. +

+
-p port
+

+ Send commands to TCP port + port + instead + of BIND 9's default control channel port, 953. +

+
-V
+

+ Enable verbose logging. +

+
-y keyid
+

+ Use the key keyid + from the configuration file. + keyid + must be + known by named with the same algorithm and secret string + in order for control message validation to succeed. + If no keyid + is specified, rndc will first look + for a key clause in the server statement of the server + being used, or if no server statement is present for that + host, then the default-key clause of the options statement. + Note that the configuration file contains shared secrets + which are used to send authenticated control commands + to name servers. It should therefore not have general read + or write access. +

+
+

+ For the complete set of commands supported by rndc, see the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual or run - rndc without arguments to see its help message. -

LIMITATIONS

rndc does not yet support all the commands of - the BIND 8 ndc utility. -

There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a - key_id without using the configuration file. -

Several error messages could be clearer. -

SEE ALSO

rndc.conf(5), - named(8), - named.conf(5) - ndc(8), - BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. -

AUTHOR

Internet Systems Consortium -

+ rndc without arguments to see its help + message. +

+
+
+

LIMITATIONS

+

rndc + does not yet support all the commands of + the BIND 8 ndc utility. +

+

+ There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a + key_id without using the configuration file. +

+

+ Several error messages could be clearer. +

+
+
+

SEE ALSO

+

rndc.conf(5), + named(8), + named.conf(5) + ndc(8), + BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. +

+
+
+

AUTHOR

+

Internet Systems Consortium +

+
+
+ diff --git a/config.h.in b/config.h.in index aaca05ad65..8bc047877d 100644 --- a/config.h.in +++ b/config.h.in @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* config.h.in. Generated from configure.in by autoheader. */ /* - * Copyright (C) 2004 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") + * Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") * Copyright (C) 1999-2003 Internet Software Consortium. * * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any @@ -16,102 +16,106 @@ * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. */ -/* $Id: config.h.in,v 1.65 2005/02/23 01:09:23 marka Exp $ */ +/* $Id: config.h.in,v 1.66 2005/05/11 06:05:28 sra Exp $ */ + +/*! \file */ /*** *** This file is not to be included by any public header files, because *** it does not get installed. ***/ -/* define to `int' if doesn't define. */ +/** define to `int' if doesn't define. */ #undef ssize_t -/* define on DEC OSF to enable 4.4BSD style sa_len support */ +/** define on DEC OSF to enable 4.4BSD style sa_len support */ #undef _SOCKADDR_LEN -/* define if your system needs pthread_init() before using pthreads */ +/** define if your system needs pthread_init() before using pthreads */ #undef NEED_PTHREAD_INIT -/* define if your system has sigwait() */ +/** define if your system has sigwait() */ #undef HAVE_SIGWAIT -/* define if sigwait() is the UnixWare flavor */ +/** define if sigwait() is the UnixWare flavor */ #undef HAVE_UNIXWARE_SIGWAIT -/* define on Solaris to get sigwait() to work using pthreads semantics */ +/** define on Solaris to get sigwait() to work using pthreads semantics */ #undef _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS -/* define if LinuxThreads is in use */ +/** define if LinuxThreads is in use */ #undef HAVE_LINUXTHREADS -/* define if sysconf() is available */ +/** define if sysconf() is available */ #undef HAVE_SYSCONF -/* define if sysctlbyname() is available */ +/** define if sysctlbyname() is available */ #undef HAVE_SYSCTLBYNAME -/* define if catgets() is available */ +/** define if catgets() is available */ #undef HAVE_CATGETS -/* define if getifaddrs() exists */ +/** define if getifaddrs() exists */ #undef HAVE_GETIFADDRS -/* define if you have the NET_RT_IFLIST sysctl variable and sys/sysctl.h */ +/** define if you have the NET_RT_IFLIST sysctl variable and sys/sysctl.h */ #undef HAVE_IFLIST_SYSCTL -/* define if chroot() is available */ +/** define if chroot() is available */ #undef HAVE_CHROOT -/* define if tzset() is available */ +/** define if tzset() is available */ #undef HAVE_TZSET -/* define if struct addrinfo exists */ +/** define if struct addrinfo exists */ #undef HAVE_ADDRINFO -/* define if getaddrinfo() exists */ +/** define if getaddrinfo() exists */ #undef HAVE_GETADDRINFO -/* define if gai_strerror() exists */ +/** define if gai_strerror() exists */ #undef HAVE_GAISTRERROR -/* define if arc4random() exists */ +/** define if arc4random() exists */ #undef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM -/* define if pthread_setconcurrency() should be called to tell the +/** + * define if pthread_setconcurrency() should be called to tell the * OS how many threads we might want to run. */ #undef CALL_PTHREAD_SETCONCURRENCY -/* define if IPv6 is not disabled */ +/** define if IPv6 is not disabled */ #undef WANT_IPV6 -/* define if flockfile() is available */ +/** define if flockfile() is available */ #undef HAVE_FLOCKFILE -/* define if getc_unlocked() is available */ +/** define if getc_unlocked() is available */ #undef HAVE_GETCUNLOCKED -/* Shut up warnings about sputaux in stdio.h on BSD/OS pre-4.1 */ +/** Shut up warnings about sputaux in stdio.h on BSD/OS pre-4.1 */ #undef SHUTUP_SPUTAUX #ifdef SHUTUP_SPUTAUX struct __sFILE; extern __inline int __sputaux(int _c, struct __sFILE *_p); #endif -/* Shut up warnings about missing sigwait prototype on BSD/OS 4.0* */ +/** Shut up warnings about missing sigwait prototype on BSD/OS 4.0* */ #undef SHUTUP_SIGWAIT #ifdef SHUTUP_SIGWAIT int sigwait(const unsigned int *set, int *sig); #endif -/* Shut up warnings from gcc -Wcast-qual on BSD/OS 4.1. */ +/** Shut up warnings from gcc -Wcast-qual on BSD/OS 4.1. */ #undef SHUTUP_STDARG_CAST #if defined(SHUTUP_STDARG_CAST) && defined(__GNUC__) -#include /* Grr. Must be included *every time*. */ -/* +#include /** Grr. Must be included *every time*. */ +/** * The silly continuation line is to keep configure from * commenting out the #undef. */ + #undef \ va_start #define va_start(ap, last) \ @@ -120,21 +124,21 @@ int sigwait(const unsigned int *set, int *sig); _u.konst = &(last); \ ap = (va_list)(_u.var + __va_words(__typeof(last))); \ } while (0) -#endif /* SHUTUP_STDARG_CAST && __GNUC__ */ +#endif /** SHUTUP_STDARG_CAST && __GNUC__ */ -/* define if the system has a random number generating device */ +/** define if the system has a random number generating device */ #undef PATH_RANDOMDEV -/* define if pthread_attr_getstacksize() is available */ +/** define if pthread_attr_getstacksize() is available */ #undef HAVE_PTHREAD_ATTR_GETSTACKSIZE -/* define if pthread_attr_setstacksize() is available */ +/** define if pthread_attr_setstacksize() is available */ #undef HAVE_PTHREAD_ATTR_SETSTACKSIZE -/* define if you have strerror in the C library. */ +/** define if you have strerror in the C library. */ #undef HAVE_STRERROR -/* Define if you are running under Compaq TruCluster. */ +/** Define if you are running under Compaq TruCluster. */ #undef HAVE_TRUCLUSTER /* Define if OpenSSL includes DSA support */ diff --git a/configure b/configure index dba14f1638..4d9de0d0ea 100755 --- a/configure +++ b/configure @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ # OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR # PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. # -# $Id: configure,v 1.360 2005/05/06 02:12:48 marka Exp $ +# $Id: configure,v 1.362 2005/05/12 23:54:19 sra Exp $ # # Portions Copyright (C) 1996-2001 Nominum, Inc. # @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ # WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN # ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT # OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. -# From configure.in Revision: 1.375 . +# From configure.in Revision: 1.376 . # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. # Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.59. # @@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ ac_includes_default="\ # include #endif" -ac_subst_vars='SHELL PATH_SEPARATOR PACKAGE_NAME PACKAGE_TARNAME PACKAGE_VERSION PACKAGE_STRING PACKAGE_BUGREPORT exec_prefix prefix program_transform_name bindir sbindir libexecdir datadir sysconfdir sharedstatedir localstatedir libdir includedir oldincludedir infodir mandir build_alias host_alias target_alias DEFS ECHO_C ECHO_N ECHO_T LIBS subdirs build build_cpu build_vendor build_os host host_cpu host_vendor host_os SET_MAKE RANLIB ac_ct_RANLIB INSTALL_PROGRAM INSTALL_SCRIPT INSTALL_DATA STD_CINCLUDES STD_CDEFINES STD_CWARNINGS CCOPT AR ARFLAGS LN ETAGS PERL CC CFLAGS LDFLAGS CPPFLAGS ac_ct_CC EXEEXT OBJEXT CPP EGREP ISC_SOCKADDR_LEN_T ISC_PLATFORM_HAVELONGLONG ISC_PLATFORM_HAVELIFCONF ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDSYSSELECTH LWRES_PLATFORM_NEEDSYSSELECTH USE_OPENSSL DST_OPENSSL_INC USE_GSSAPI DST_GSSAPI_INC DNS_CRYPTO_LIBS ALWAYS_DEFINES ISC_PLATFORM_USETHREADS ISC_THREAD_DIR MKDEPCC MKDEPCFLAGS MKDEPPROG 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BIND9_BIND9_BUILDINCLUDE BIND9_VERSION LIBOBJS LTLIBOBJS' +ac_subst_vars='SHELL PATH_SEPARATOR PACKAGE_NAME PACKAGE_TARNAME PACKAGE_VERSION PACKAGE_STRING PACKAGE_BUGREPORT exec_prefix prefix program_transform_name bindir sbindir libexecdir datadir sysconfdir sharedstatedir localstatedir libdir includedir oldincludedir infodir mandir build_alias host_alias target_alias DEFS ECHO_C ECHO_N ECHO_T LIBS subdirs build build_cpu build_vendor build_os host host_cpu host_vendor host_os SET_MAKE RANLIB ac_ct_RANLIB INSTALL_PROGRAM INSTALL_SCRIPT INSTALL_DATA STD_CINCLUDES STD_CDEFINES STD_CWARNINGS CCOPT AR ARFLAGS LN ETAGS PERL CC CFLAGS LDFLAGS CPPFLAGS ac_ct_CC EXEEXT OBJEXT CPP EGREP ISC_SOCKADDR_LEN_T ISC_PLATFORM_HAVELONGLONG ISC_PLATFORM_HAVELIFCONF ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDSYSSELECTH LWRES_PLATFORM_NEEDSYSSELECTH USE_OPENSSL DST_OPENSSL_INC USE_GSSAPI DST_GSSAPI_INC DNS_CRYPTO_LIBS ALWAYS_DEFINES ISC_PLATFORM_USETHREADS ISC_THREAD_DIR MKDEPCC MKDEPCFLAGS MKDEPPROG IRIX_DNSSEC_WARNINGS_HACK purify_path PURIFY LN_S ECHO ac_ct_AR STRIP ac_ct_STRIP CXX CXXFLAGS ac_ct_CXX CXXCPP F77 FFLAGS ac_ct_F77 LIBTOOL O A SA LIBTOOL_MKDEP_SED LIBTOOL_MODE_COMPILE LIBTOOL_MODE_INSTALL LIBTOOL_MODE_LINK LIBTOOL_ALLOW_UNDEFINED LIBTOOL_IN_MAIN LIBBIND ISC_PLATFORM_HAVEIPV6 LWRES_PLATFORM_HAVEIPV6 ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDNETINETIN6H LWRES_PLATFORM_NEEDNETINETIN6H ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDNETINET6IN6H LWRES_PLATFORM_NEEDNETINET6IN6H ISC_PLATFORM_HAVEINADDR6 LWRES_PLATFORM_HAVEINADDR6 ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDIN6ADDRANY LWRES_PLATFORM_NEEDIN6ADDRANY ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDIN6ADDRLOOPBACK LWRES_PLATFORM_NEEDIN6ADDRLOOPBACK ISC_PLATFORM_HAVEIN6PKTINFO ISC_PLATFORM_FIXIN6ISADDR ISC_IPV6_H ISC_IPV6_O ISC_ISCIPV6_O ISC_IPV6_C LWRES_HAVE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID ISC_PLATFORM_HAVESCOPEID ISC_PLATFORM_HAVEIF_LADDRREQ ISC_PLATFORM_HAVEIF_LADDRCONF ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDNTOP ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDPTON ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDATON ISC_PLATFORM_HAVESALEN LWRES_PLATFORM_HAVESALEN ISC_PLATFORM_MSGHDRFLAVOR ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDPORTT ISC_LWRES_NEEDADDRINFO ISC_LWRES_NEEDRRSETINFO ISC_LWRES_SETHOSTENTINT ISC_LWRES_ENDHOSTENTINT ISC_LWRES_GETNETBYADDRINADDR ISC_LWRES_SETNETENTINT ISC_LWRES_ENDNETENTINT ISC_LWRES_GETHOSTBYADDRVOID ISC_LWRES_NEEDHERRNO ISC_LWRES_GETIPNODEPROTO ISC_LWRES_GETADDRINFOPROTO ISC_LWRES_GETNAMEINFOPROTO ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDSTRSEP ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDMEMMOVE ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDSTRTOUL ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDSTRLCPY ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDSTRLCAT ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDSPRINTF LWRES_PLATFORM_NEEDSPRINTF ISC_PLATFORM_NEEDVSNPRINTF LWRES_PLATFORM_NEEDVSNPRINTF ISC_EXTRA_OBJS ISC_EXTRA_SRCS ISC_PLATFORM_QUADFORMAT LWRES_PLATFORM_QUADFORMAT ISC_PLATFORM_HAVESYSUNH ISC_PLATFORM_RLIMITTYPE ISC_PLATFORM_USEDECLSPEC LWRES_PLATFORM_USEDECLSPEC ISC_PLATFORM_BRACEPTHREADONCEINIT ISC_PLATFORM_HAVEIFNAMETOINDEX LATEX PDFLATEX XSLTPROC XMLLINT XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_HTML XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_XHTML XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_MAN XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_HTML XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_XHTML XSLT_DB2LATEX_STYLE XSLT_DB2LATEX_ADMONITIONS BIND9_TOP_BUILDDIR BIND9_ISC_BUILDINCLUDE BIND9_ISCCC_BUILDINCLUDE BIND9_ISCCFG_BUILDINCLUDE BIND9_DNS_BUILDINCLUDE BIND9_LWRES_BUILDINCLUDE BIND9_BIND9_BUILDINCLUDE BIND9_VERSION LIBOBJS LTLIBOBJS' ac_subst_files='BIND9_MAKE_INCLUDES BIND9_MAKE_RULES LIBISC_API LIBISCCC_API LIBISCCFG_API LIBDNS_API LIBBIND9_API LIBLWRES_API' # Initialize some variables set by options. @@ -27378,25 +27378,22 @@ esac # a developer editing the documentation source. # -# Directory trees where SGML files are commonly found. -sgmltrees="/usr/pkg/share/sgml /usr/local/share/sgml /usr/share/sgml" - # -# Look for openjade. Plain jade is no longer supported. +# Look for TeX. # -for ac_prog in openjade +for ac_prog in latex do # Extract the first word of "$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy $ac_prog; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 -if test "${ac_cv_path_OPENJADE+set}" = set; then +if test "${ac_cv_path_LATEX+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else - case $OPENJADE in + case $LATEX in [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*) - ac_cv_path_OPENJADE="$OPENJADE" # Let the user override the test with a path. + ac_cv_path_LATEX="$LATEX" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -27406,7 +27403,7 @@ do test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=. for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do if $as_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then - ac_cv_path_OPENJADE="$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" + ac_cv_path_LATEX="$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" echo "$as_me:$LINENO: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5 break 2 fi @@ -27416,38 +27413,34 @@ done ;; esac fi -OPENJADE=$ac_cv_path_OPENJADE +LATEX=$ac_cv_path_LATEX -if test -n "$OPENJADE"; then - echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $OPENJADE" >&5 -echo "${ECHO_T}$OPENJADE" >&6 +if test -n "$LATEX"; then + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $LATEX" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}$LATEX" >&6 else echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi - test -n "$OPENJADE" && break + test -n "$LATEX" && break done -test -n "$OPENJADE" || OPENJADE="openjade" +test -n "$LATEX" || LATEX="latex" -# -# Look for TeX. -# - -for ac_prog in jadetex +for ac_prog in pdflatex do # Extract the first word of "$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args. set dummy $ac_prog; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 -if test "${ac_cv_path_JADETEX+set}" = set; then +if test "${ac_cv_path_PDFLATEX+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else - case $JADETEX in + case $PDFLATEX in [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*) - ac_cv_path_JADETEX="$JADETEX" # Let the user override the test with a path. + ac_cv_path_PDFLATEX="$PDFLATEX" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -27457,7 +27450,7 @@ do test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=. for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do if $as_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then - ac_cv_path_JADETEX="$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" + ac_cv_path_PDFLATEX="$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" echo "$as_me:$LINENO: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5 break 2 fi @@ -27467,34 +27460,36 @@ done ;; esac fi -JADETEX=$ac_cv_path_JADETEX +PDFLATEX=$ac_cv_path_PDFLATEX -if test -n "$JADETEX"; then - echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $JADETEX" >&5 -echo "${ECHO_T}$JADETEX" >&6 +if test -n "$PDFLATEX"; then + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $PDFLATEX" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}$PDFLATEX" >&6 else echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi - test -n "$JADETEX" && break + test -n "$PDFLATEX" && break done -test -n "$JADETEX" || JADETEX="jadetex" +test -n "$PDFLATEX" || PDFLATEX="pdflatex" -for ac_prog in pdfjadetex -do - # Extract the first word of "$ac_prog", so it can be a program name with args. -set dummy $ac_prog; ac_word=$2 +# +# Look for xsltproc (libxslt) +# + +# Extract the first word of "xsltproc", so it can be a program name with args. +set dummy xsltproc; ac_word=$2 echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for $ac_word" >&5 echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 -if test "${ac_cv_path_PDFJADETEX+set}" = set; then +if test "${ac_cv_path_XSLTPROC+set}" = set; then echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 else - case $PDFJADETEX in + case $XSLTPROC in [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*) - ac_cv_path_PDFJADETEX="$PDFJADETEX" # Let the user override the test with a path. + ac_cv_path_XSLTPROC="$XSLTPROC" # Let the user override the test with a path. ;; *) as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR @@ -27504,29 +27499,72 @@ do test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=. for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do if $as_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then - ac_cv_path_PDFJADETEX="$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" + ac_cv_path_XSLTPROC="$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" echo "$as_me:$LINENO: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5 break 2 fi done done + test -z "$ac_cv_path_XSLTPROC" && ac_cv_path_XSLTPROC="xsltproc" ;; esac fi -PDFJADETEX=$ac_cv_path_PDFJADETEX +XSLTPROC=$ac_cv_path_XSLTPROC -if test -n "$PDFJADETEX"; then - echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $PDFJADETEX" >&5 -echo "${ECHO_T}$PDFJADETEX" >&6 +if test -n "$XSLTPROC"; then + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $XSLTPROC" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}$XSLTPROC" >&6 else echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: no" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 fi - test -n "$PDFJADETEX" && break + + +# +# Look for xmllint (libxml2) +# + +# Extract the first word of "xmllint", so it can be a program name with args. +set dummy xmllint; ac_word=$2 +echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for $ac_word" >&5 +echo $ECHO_N "checking for $ac_word... $ECHO_C" >&6 +if test "${ac_cv_path_XMLLINT+set}" = set; then + echo $ECHO_N "(cached) $ECHO_C" >&6 +else + case $XMLLINT in + [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]*) + ac_cv_path_XMLLINT="$XMLLINT" # Let the user override the test with a path. + ;; + *) + as_save_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$PATH_SEPARATOR +for as_dir in $PATH +do + IFS=$as_save_IFS + test -z "$as_dir" && as_dir=. + for ac_exec_ext in '' $ac_executable_extensions; do + if $as_executable_p "$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext"; then + ac_cv_path_XMLLINT="$as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: found $as_dir/$ac_word$ac_exec_ext" >&5 + break 2 + fi done -test -n "$PDFJADETEX" || PDFJADETEX="pdfjadetex" +done + + test -z "$ac_cv_path_XMLLINT" && ac_cv_path_XMLLINT="xmllint" + ;; +esac +fi +XMLLINT=$ac_cv_path_XMLLINT + +if test -n "$XMLLINT"; then + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $XMLLINT" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}$XMLLINT" >&6 +else + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: no" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}no" >&6 +fi @@ -27546,185 +27584,196 @@ test -n "$PDFJADETEX" || PDFJADETEX="pdfjadetex" # -# Look for the SGML catalog. -# Its location varies, so far we have seen: +# Look for Docbook-XSL stylesheets. Location probably varies by +# system. Guessing where it might be found, based on where SGML stuff +# lives on some systems. FreeBSD is the only one I'm sure of at the +# moment. # -# NetBSD /usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/catalog -# FreeBSD /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/catalog -# Linux /usr/local/share/dsssl/docbook/catalog -# /usr/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl-stylesheets/catalog + +docbook_xsl_trees="/usr/pkg/share/xsl /usr/local/share/xsl /usr/share/xsl" + # -catalogpath="" -for d in $sgmltrees -do - catalogpath="$catalogpath $d" - for s in docbook/dsssl-stylesheets - do - catalogpath="$catalogpath $d/$s" - done -done +# Look for stylesheets we need. +# + -SGMLCATALOG="" -echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for catalog" >&5 -echo $ECHO_N "checking for catalog... $ECHO_C" >&6 -for d in $catalogpath +XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_HTML="" +echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for docbook/html/docbook.xsl" >&5 +echo $ECHO_N "checking for docbook/html/docbook.xsl... $ECHO_C" >&6 +for d in $docbook_xsl_trees do - f=$d/catalog + f=$d/docbook/html/docbook.xsl if test -f $f then - SGMLCATALOG=$f + XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_HTML=$f echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $f" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$f" >&6 break fi done -if test "X$SGMLCATALOG" = "X" +if test "X$XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_HTML" = "X" then echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: \"not found\"" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}\"not found\"" >&6; - SGMLCATALOG=catalog + XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_HTML=docbook/html/docbook.xsl fi -# -# Look for the HTML stylesheet html/docbook.dsl, used for -# formatting man pages in HTML. Its location varies, -# so far we have seen: -# -# NetBSD /usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl/modular/ -# FreeBSD /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl/modular/ -# Linux /usr/local/share/dsssl/docbook/ -# /usr/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl-stylesheets/ -# -# Ditto for the print stylesheet print/docbook.dsl. -# - -stylepath="" -for d in $sgmltrees -do - for s in docbook/dsssl/modular dsssl/docbook docbook/dsssl-stylesheets - do - stylepath="$stylepath $d/$s" - done -done - -HTMLSTYLE="" -echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for html/docbook.dsl" >&5 -echo $ECHO_N "checking for html/docbook.dsl... $ECHO_C" >&6 -for d in $stylepath +XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_XHTML="" +echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for docbook/xhtml/docbook.xsl" >&5 +echo $ECHO_N "checking for docbook/xhtml/docbook.xsl... $ECHO_C" >&6 +for d in $docbook_xsl_trees do - f=$d/html/docbook.dsl + f=$d/docbook/xhtml/docbook.xsl if test -f $f then - HTMLSTYLE=$f + XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_XHTML=$f echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $f" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$f" >&6 break fi done -if test "X$HTMLSTYLE" = "X" +if test "X$XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_XHTML" = "X" then echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: \"not found\"" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}\"not found\"" >&6; - HTMLSTYLE=html/docbook.dsl + XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_XHTML=docbook/xhtml/docbook.xsl fi -PRINTSTYLE="" -echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for print/docbook.dsl" >&5 -echo $ECHO_N "checking for print/docbook.dsl... $ECHO_C" >&6 -for d in $stylepath +XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_MAN="" +echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for docbook/manpages/docbook.xsl" >&5 +echo $ECHO_N "checking for docbook/manpages/docbook.xsl... $ECHO_C" >&6 +for d in $docbook_xsl_trees do - f=$d/print/docbook.dsl + f=$d/docbook/manpages/docbook.xsl if test -f $f then - PRINTSTYLE=$f + XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_MAN=$f echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $f" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$f" >&6 break fi done -if test "X$PRINTSTYLE" = "X" +if test "X$XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_MAN" = "X" then echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: \"not found\"" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}\"not found\"" >&6; - PRINTSTYLE=print/docbook.dsl + XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_MAN=docbook/manpages/docbook.xsl fi -# -# Look for XML declarations. -# Its location varies, so far we have seen: -# -# NetBSD /usr/pkg/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl/modular/dtds/decls/ -# FreeBSD /usr/local/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl/modular/dtds/decls/ -# Linux /usr/local/share/dsssl/docbook/dtds/decls/ -# /usr/share/sgml/docbook/dsssl-stylesheets/dtds/decls/ -# - -xmlpath="" -for d in $sgmltrees +XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_HTML="" +echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for docbook/html/chunk.xsl" >&5 +echo $ECHO_N "checking for docbook/html/chunk.xsl... $ECHO_C" >&6 +for d in $docbook_xsl_trees do - for s in docbook/dsssl/modular dsssl/docbook docbook/dsssl-stylesheets - do - xmlpath="$xmlpath $d/$s" - done + f=$d/docbook/html/chunk.xsl + if test -f $f + then + XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_HTML=$f + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $f" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}$f" >&6 + break + fi done +if test "X$XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_HTML" = "X" +then + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: \"not found\"" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}\"not found\"" >&6; + XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_HTML=docbook/html/chunk.xsl +fi + + -XMLDCL="" -echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for dtds/decls/xml.dcl" >&5 -echo $ECHO_N "checking for dtds/decls/xml.dcl... $ECHO_C" >&6 -for d in $xmlpath +XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_XHTML="" +echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for docbook/xhtml/chunk.xsl" >&5 +echo $ECHO_N "checking for docbook/xhtml/chunk.xsl... $ECHO_C" >&6 +for d in $docbook_xsl_trees do - f=$d/dtds/decls/xml.dcl + f=$d/docbook/xhtml/chunk.xsl if test -f $f then - XMLDCL=$f + XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_XHTML=$f echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $f" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$f" >&6 break fi done -if test "X$XMLDCL" = "X" +if test "X$XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_XHTML" = "X" then echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: \"not found\"" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}\"not found\"" >&6; - XMLDCL=dtds/decls/xml.dcl + XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_XHTML=docbook/xhtml/chunk.xsl fi # -# Look for docbook2man-spec.pl +# Same dance for db2latex # +# No idea where this lives except on FreeBSD. +# + +db2latex_xsl_trees="/usr/local/share" +# +# Look for stylesheets we need. +# -DOCBOOK2MANSPEC="" -echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for docbook2X/docbook2man-spec.pl" >&5 -echo $ECHO_N "checking for docbook2X/docbook2man-spec.pl... $ECHO_C" >&6 -for d in $sgmltrees + +XSLT_DB2LATEX_STYLE="" +echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for db2latex/xsl/docbook.xsl" >&5 +echo $ECHO_N "checking for db2latex/xsl/docbook.xsl... $ECHO_C" >&6 +for d in $db2latex_xsl_trees do - f=$d/docbook2X/docbook2man-spec.pl + f=$d/db2latex/xsl/docbook.xsl if test -f $f then - DOCBOOK2MANSPEC=$f + XSLT_DB2LATEX_STYLE=$f echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $f" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}$f" >&6 break fi done -if test "X$DOCBOOK2MANSPEC" = "X" +if test "X$XSLT_DB2LATEX_STYLE" = "X" then echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: \"not found\"" >&5 echo "${ECHO_T}\"not found\"" >&6; - DOCBOOK2MANSPEC=docbook2X/docbook2man-spec.pl + XSLT_DB2LATEX_STYLE=db2latex/xsl/docbook.xsl fi +# +# Look for "admonition" image directory. Can't use NOM_PATH_FILE() +# because it's a directory, so just do the same things, inline. +# + +echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for db2latex/xsl/figures" >&5 +echo $ECHO_N "checking for db2latex/xsl/figures... $ECHO_C" >&6 +for d in $db2latex_xsl_trees +do + dd=$d/db2latex/xsl/figures + if test -d $dd + then + XSLT_DB2LATEX_ADMONITIONS=$dd + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $dd" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}$dd" >&6 + break + fi +done +if test "X$XSLT_DB2LATEX_ADMONITIONS" = "X" +then + echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: not found" >&5 +echo "${ECHO_T}not found" >&6 + XSLT_DB2LATEX_ADMONITIONS=db2latex/xsl/figures +fi + + # # Substitutions # @@ -27781,7 +27830,20 @@ LIBBIND9_API=$srcdir/lib/bind9/api LIBLWRES_API=$srcdir/lib/lwres/api - ac_config_files="$ac_config_files make/rules make/includes Makefile make/Makefile make/mkdep lib/Makefile lib/isc/Makefile lib/isc/include/Makefile lib/isc/include/isc/Makefile lib/isc/include/isc/platform.h lib/isc/unix/Makefile lib/isc/unix/include/Makefile lib/isc/unix/include/isc/Makefile lib/isc/nls/Makefile lib/isc/$thread_dir/Makefile lib/isc/$thread_dir/include/Makefile lib/isc/$thread_dir/include/isc/Makefile lib/isccc/Makefile lib/isccc/include/Makefile lib/isccc/include/isccc/Makefile lib/isccfg/Makefile lib/isccfg/include/Makefile lib/isccfg/include/isccfg/Makefile lib/dns/Makefile lib/dns/include/Makefile lib/dns/include/dns/Makefile lib/dns/include/dst/Makefile lib/bind9/Makefile lib/bind9/include/Makefile lib/bind9/include/bind9/Makefile lib/lwres/Makefile lib/lwres/include/Makefile lib/lwres/include/lwres/Makefile lib/lwres/include/lwres/netdb.h lib/lwres/include/lwres/platform.h lib/lwres/man/Makefile lib/lwres/unix/Makefile lib/lwres/unix/include/Makefile lib/lwres/unix/include/lwres/Makefile lib/tests/Makefile lib/tests/include/Makefile lib/tests/include/tests/Makefile bin/Makefile bin/check/Makefile bin/named/Makefile bin/named/unix/Makefile bin/rndc/Makefile bin/rndc/unix/Makefile bin/dig/Makefile bin/nsupdate/Makefile bin/tests/Makefile bin/tests/names/Makefile bin/tests/master/Makefile bin/tests/rbt/Makefile bin/tests/db/Makefile bin/tests/tasks/Makefile bin/tests/timers/Makefile bin/tests/dst/Makefile bin/tests/mem/Makefile bin/tests/net/Makefile bin/tests/sockaddr/Makefile bin/tests/system/Makefile bin/tests/system/conf.sh bin/tests/system/lwresd/Makefile bin/tests/system/tkey/Makefile bin/tests/headerdep_test.sh bin/dnssec/Makefile doc/Makefile doc/arm/Makefile doc/arm/nominum-docbook-html.dsl doc/arm/nominum-docbook-print.dsl doc/arm/validate.sh doc/misc/Makefile docutil/docbook2man-wrapper.sh isc-config.sh" +# +# Commands to run at the end of config.status. +# Don't just put these into configure, it won't work right if somebody +# runs config.status directly (which autoconf allows). +# + + ac_config_commands="$ac_config_commands chmod" + + +# +# Do it +# + + ac_config_files="$ac_config_files make/rules make/includes Makefile make/Makefile make/mkdep lib/Makefile lib/isc/Makefile lib/isc/include/Makefile lib/isc/include/isc/Makefile lib/isc/include/isc/platform.h lib/isc/unix/Makefile lib/isc/unix/include/Makefile lib/isc/unix/include/isc/Makefile lib/isc/nls/Makefile lib/isc/$thread_dir/Makefile lib/isc/$thread_dir/include/Makefile lib/isc/$thread_dir/include/isc/Makefile lib/isccc/Makefile lib/isccc/include/Makefile lib/isccc/include/isccc/Makefile lib/isccfg/Makefile lib/isccfg/include/Makefile lib/isccfg/include/isccfg/Makefile lib/dns/Makefile lib/dns/include/Makefile lib/dns/include/dns/Makefile lib/dns/include/dst/Makefile lib/bind9/Makefile lib/bind9/include/Makefile lib/bind9/include/bind9/Makefile lib/lwres/Makefile lib/lwres/include/Makefile lib/lwres/include/lwres/Makefile lib/lwres/include/lwres/netdb.h lib/lwres/include/lwres/platform.h lib/lwres/man/Makefile lib/lwres/unix/Makefile lib/lwres/unix/include/Makefile lib/lwres/unix/include/lwres/Makefile lib/tests/Makefile lib/tests/include/Makefile lib/tests/include/tests/Makefile bin/Makefile bin/check/Makefile bin/named/Makefile bin/named/unix/Makefile bin/rndc/Makefile bin/rndc/unix/Makefile bin/dig/Makefile bin/nsupdate/Makefile bin/tests/Makefile bin/tests/names/Makefile bin/tests/master/Makefile bin/tests/rbt/Makefile bin/tests/db/Makefile bin/tests/tasks/Makefile bin/tests/timers/Makefile bin/tests/dst/Makefile bin/tests/mem/Makefile bin/tests/net/Makefile bin/tests/sockaddr/Makefile bin/tests/system/Makefile bin/tests/system/conf.sh bin/tests/system/lwresd/Makefile bin/tests/system/tkey/Makefile bin/tests/headerdep_test.sh bin/dnssec/Makefile doc/Makefile doc/arm/Makefile doc/misc/Makefile isc-config.sh doc/xsl/isc-docbook-chunk.xsl doc/xsl/isc-docbook-html.xsl doc/xsl/isc-docbook-latex.xsl doc/xsl/isc-manpage.xsl" cat >confcache <<\_ACEOF # This file is a shell script that caches the results of configure # tests run on this system so they can be shared between configure @@ -28199,6 +28261,9 @@ $config_files Configuration headers: $config_headers +Configuration commands: +$config_commands + Report bugs to ." _ACEOF @@ -28376,12 +28441,13 @@ do "bin/dnssec/Makefile" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES bin/dnssec/Makefile" ;; "doc/Makefile" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/Makefile" ;; "doc/arm/Makefile" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/arm/Makefile" ;; - "doc/arm/nominum-docbook-html.dsl" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/arm/nominum-docbook-html.dsl" ;; - "doc/arm/nominum-docbook-print.dsl" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/arm/nominum-docbook-print.dsl" ;; - "doc/arm/validate.sh" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/arm/validate.sh" ;; "doc/misc/Makefile" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/misc/Makefile" ;; - "docutil/docbook2man-wrapper.sh" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES docutil/docbook2man-wrapper.sh" ;; "isc-config.sh" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES isc-config.sh" ;; + "doc/xsl/isc-docbook-chunk.xsl" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/xsl/isc-docbook-chunk.xsl" ;; + "doc/xsl/isc-docbook-html.xsl" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/xsl/isc-docbook-html.xsl" ;; + "doc/xsl/isc-docbook-latex.xsl" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/xsl/isc-docbook-latex.xsl" ;; + "doc/xsl/isc-manpage.xsl" ) CONFIG_FILES="$CONFIG_FILES doc/xsl/isc-manpage.xsl" ;; + "chmod" ) CONFIG_COMMANDS="$CONFIG_COMMANDS chmod" ;; "config.h" ) CONFIG_HEADERS="$CONFIG_HEADERS config.h" ;; *) { { echo "$as_me:$LINENO: error: invalid argument: $ac_config_target" >&5 echo "$as_me: error: invalid argument: $ac_config_target" >&2;} @@ -28396,6 +28462,7 @@ done if $ac_need_defaults; then test "${CONFIG_FILES+set}" = set || CONFIG_FILES=$config_files test "${CONFIG_HEADERS+set}" = set || CONFIG_HEADERS=$config_headers + test "${CONFIG_COMMANDS+set}" = set || CONFIG_COMMANDS=$config_commands fi # Have a temporary directory for convenience. Make it in the build tree @@ -28602,14 +28669,17 @@ s,@ISC_PLATFORM_USEDECLSPEC@,$ISC_PLATFORM_USEDECLSPEC,;t t s,@LWRES_PLATFORM_USEDECLSPEC@,$LWRES_PLATFORM_USEDECLSPEC,;t t s,@ISC_PLATFORM_BRACEPTHREADONCEINIT@,$ISC_PLATFORM_BRACEPTHREADONCEINIT,;t t s,@ISC_PLATFORM_HAVEIFNAMETOINDEX@,$ISC_PLATFORM_HAVEIFNAMETOINDEX,;t t -s,@OPENJADE@,$OPENJADE,;t t -s,@JADETEX@,$JADETEX,;t t -s,@PDFJADETEX@,$PDFJADETEX,;t t -s,@SGMLCATALOG@,$SGMLCATALOG,;t t -s,@HTMLSTYLE@,$HTMLSTYLE,;t t -s,@PRINTSTYLE@,$PRINTSTYLE,;t t -s,@XMLDCL@,$XMLDCL,;t t -s,@DOCBOOK2MANSPEC@,$DOCBOOK2MANSPEC,;t t +s,@LATEX@,$LATEX,;t t +s,@PDFLATEX@,$PDFLATEX,;t t +s,@XSLTPROC@,$XSLTPROC,;t t +s,@XMLLINT@,$XMLLINT,;t t +s,@XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_HTML@,$XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_HTML,;t t +s,@XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_XHTML@,$XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_XHTML,;t t +s,@XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_MAN@,$XSLT_DOCBOOK_STYLE_MAN,;t t +s,@XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_HTML@,$XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_HTML,;t t +s,@XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_XHTML@,$XSLT_DOCBOOK_CHUNK_XHTML,;t t +s,@XSLT_DB2LATEX_STYLE@,$XSLT_DB2LATEX_STYLE,;t t +s,@XSLT_DB2LATEX_ADMONITIONS@,$XSLT_DB2LATEX_ADMONITIONS,;t t s,@BIND9_TOP_BUILDDIR@,$BIND9_TOP_BUILDDIR,;t t s,@BIND9_ISC_BUILDINCLUDE@,$BIND9_ISC_BUILDINCLUDE,;t t s,@BIND9_ISCCC_BUILDINCLUDE@,$BIND9_ISCCC_BUILDINCLUDE,;t t @@ -29097,6 +29167,124 @@ echo "$as_me: error: cannot create directory \"$ac_dir\"" >&2;} fi done _ACEOF +cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF + +# +# CONFIG_COMMANDS section. +# +for ac_file in : $CONFIG_COMMANDS; do test "x$ac_file" = x: && continue + ac_dest=`echo "$ac_file" | sed 's,:.*,,'` + ac_source=`echo "$ac_file" | sed 's,[^:]*:,,'` + ac_dir=`(dirname "$ac_dest") 2>/dev/null || +$as_expr X"$ac_dest" : 'X\(.*[^/]\)//*[^/][^/]*/*$' \| \ + X"$ac_dest" : 'X\(//\)[^/]' \| \ + X"$ac_dest" : 'X\(//\)$' \| \ + X"$ac_dest" : 'X\(/\)' \| \ + . : '\(.\)' 2>/dev/null || +echo X"$ac_dest" | + sed '/^X\(.*[^/]\)\/\/*[^/][^/]*\/*$/{ s//\1/; q; } + /^X\(\/\/\)[^/].*/{ s//\1/; q; } + /^X\(\/\/\)$/{ s//\1/; q; } + /^X\(\/\).*/{ s//\1/; q; } + s/.*/./; q'` + { if $as_mkdir_p; then + mkdir -p "$ac_dir" + else + as_dir="$ac_dir" + as_dirs= + while test ! -d "$as_dir"; do + as_dirs="$as_dir $as_dirs" + as_dir=`(dirname "$as_dir") 2>/dev/null || +$as_expr X"$as_dir" : 'X\(.*[^/]\)//*[^/][^/]*/*$' \| \ + X"$as_dir" : 'X\(//\)[^/]' \| \ + X"$as_dir" : 'X\(//\)$' \| \ + X"$as_dir" : 'X\(/\)' \| \ + . : '\(.\)' 2>/dev/null || +echo X"$as_dir" | + sed '/^X\(.*[^/]\)\/\/*[^/][^/]*\/*$/{ s//\1/; q; } + /^X\(\/\/\)[^/].*/{ s//\1/; q; } + /^X\(\/\/\)$/{ s//\1/; q; } + /^X\(\/\).*/{ s//\1/; q; } + s/.*/./; q'` + done + test ! -n "$as_dirs" || mkdir $as_dirs + fi || { { echo "$as_me:$LINENO: error: cannot create directory \"$ac_dir\"" >&5 +echo "$as_me: error: cannot create directory \"$ac_dir\"" >&2;} + { (exit 1); exit 1; }; }; } + + ac_builddir=. + +if test "$ac_dir" != .; then + ac_dir_suffix=/`echo "$ac_dir" | sed 's,^\.[\\/],,'` + # A "../" for each directory in $ac_dir_suffix. + ac_top_builddir=`echo "$ac_dir_suffix" | sed 's,/[^\\/]*,../,g'` +else + ac_dir_suffix= ac_top_builddir= +fi + +case $srcdir in + .) # No --srcdir option. We are building in place. + ac_srcdir=. + if test -z "$ac_top_builddir"; then + ac_top_srcdir=. + else + ac_top_srcdir=`echo $ac_top_builddir | sed 's,/$,,'` + fi ;; + [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]* ) # Absolute path. + ac_srcdir=$srcdir$ac_dir_suffix; + ac_top_srcdir=$srcdir ;; + *) # Relative path. + ac_srcdir=$ac_top_builddir$srcdir$ac_dir_suffix + ac_top_srcdir=$ac_top_builddir$srcdir ;; +esac + +# Do not use `cd foo && pwd` to compute absolute paths, because +# the directories may not exist. +case `pwd` in +.) ac_abs_builddir="$ac_dir";; +*) + case "$ac_dir" in + .) ac_abs_builddir=`pwd`;; + [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]* ) ac_abs_builddir="$ac_dir";; + *) ac_abs_builddir=`pwd`/"$ac_dir";; + esac;; +esac +case $ac_abs_builddir in +.) ac_abs_top_builddir=${ac_top_builddir}.;; +*) + case ${ac_top_builddir}. in + .) ac_abs_top_builddir=$ac_abs_builddir;; + [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]* ) ac_abs_top_builddir=${ac_top_builddir}.;; + *) ac_abs_top_builddir=$ac_abs_builddir/${ac_top_builddir}.;; + esac;; +esac +case $ac_abs_builddir in +.) ac_abs_srcdir=$ac_srcdir;; +*) + case $ac_srcdir in + .) ac_abs_srcdir=$ac_abs_builddir;; + [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]* ) ac_abs_srcdir=$ac_srcdir;; + *) ac_abs_srcdir=$ac_abs_builddir/$ac_srcdir;; + esac;; +esac +case $ac_abs_builddir in +.) ac_abs_top_srcdir=$ac_top_srcdir;; +*) + case $ac_top_srcdir in + .) ac_abs_top_srcdir=$ac_abs_builddir;; + [\\/]* | ?:[\\/]* ) ac_abs_top_srcdir=$ac_top_srcdir;; + *) ac_abs_top_srcdir=$ac_abs_builddir/$ac_top_srcdir;; + esac;; +esac + + + { echo "$as_me:$LINENO: executing $ac_dest commands" >&5 +echo "$as_me: executing $ac_dest commands" >&6;} + case $ac_dest in + chmod ) chmod a+x isc-config.sh ;; + esac +done +_ACEOF cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF @@ -29304,7 +29492,6 @@ echo "$as_me: error: $ac_sub_configure failed for $ac_dir" >&2;} done fi -chmod a+x isc-config.sh # Tell Emacs to edit this file in shell mode. # Local Variables: diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch01.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch01.html index 8586c5dc62..27f7768f10 100644 --- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch01.html +++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch01.html @@ -1,1131 +1,559 @@ - -Introduction
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual
PrevNext

Chapter 1. Introduction

The Internet Domain Name System (DNS) consists of the syntax - to specify the names of entities in the Internet in a hierarchical - manner, the rules used for delegating authority over names, and the - system implementation that actually maps names to Internet - addresses. DNS data is maintained in a group of distributed - hierarchical databases.

1.1. Scope of Document

The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) implements an - domain name server for a number of operating systems. This - document provides basic information about the installation and - care of the Internet Software Consortium (ISC) - BIND version 9 software package for system - administrators.

This version of the manual corresponds to BIND version 9.3.

1.2. Organization of This Document

In this document, Section 1 introduces - the basic DNS and BIND concepts. Section 2 - describes resource requirements for running BIND in various - environments. Information in Section 3 is - task-oriented in its presentation and is - organized functionally, to aid in the process of installing the - BIND 9 software. The task-oriented section is followed by - Section 4, which contains more advanced - concepts that the system administrator may need for implementing - certain options. Section 5 - describes the BIND 9 lightweight - resolver. The contents of Section 6 are - organized as in a reference manual to aid in the ongoing - maintenance of the software. Section 7 - addresses security considerations, and - Section 8 contains troubleshooting help. The - main body of the document is followed by several - Appendices which contain useful reference - information, such as a Bibliography and - historic information related to BIND and the Domain Name - System.

1.3. Conventions Used in This Document

In this document, we use the following general typographic - conventions:

To -describe:

We use the style:

a pathname, filename, URL, hostname, -mailing list name, or new term or concept

Fixed width

literal user -input

Fixed Width Bold

program output

Fixed Width

The following conventions are used in descriptions of the -BIND configuration file:

To -describe:

We use the style:

keywords

Fixed Width

variables

Fixed Width

Optional input

[Text is enclosed in square brackets]

1.4. The Domain Name System (DNS)

The purpose of this document is to explain the installation -and upkeep of the BIND software package, and we -begin by reviewing the fundamentals of the Domain Name System -(DNS) as they relate to BIND. -

1.4.1. DNS Fundamentals

The Domain Name System (DNS) is the hierarchical, distributed -database. It stores information for mapping Internet host names to IP -addresses and vice versa, mail routing information, and other data -used by Internet applications.

Clients look up information in the DNS by calling a -resolver library, which sends queries to one or -more name servers and interprets the responses. -The BIND 9 software distribution contains a -name server, named, and two resolver -libraries, liblwres and libbind. -

1.4.2. Domains and Domain Names

The data stored in the DNS is identified by domain -names that are organized as a tree according to -organizational or administrative boundaries. Each node of the tree, -called a domain, is given a label. The domain name of the -node is the concatenation of all the labels on the path from the -node to the root node. This is represented -in written form as a string of labels listed from right to left and -separated by dots. A label need only be unique within its parent -domain.

For example, a domain name for a host at the -company Example, Inc. could be -mail.example.com, -where com is the -top level domain to which -ourhost.example.com belongs, -example is -a subdomain of com, and -ourhost is the -name of the host.

For administrative purposes, the name space is partitioned into -areas called zones, each starting at a node and -extending down to the leaf nodes or to nodes where other zones start. -The data for each zone is stored in a name -server, which answers queries about the zone using the -DNS protocol. -

The data associated with each domain name is stored in the -form of resource records (RRs). -Some of the supported resource record types are described in -Section 6.3.1.

For more detailed information about the design of the DNS and -the DNS protocol, please refer to the standards documents listed in -Section A.3.1.

1.4.3. Zones

To properly operate a name server, it is important to understand -the difference between a zone -and a domain.

As we stated previously, a zone is a point of delegation in -the DNS tree. A zone consists of -those contiguous parts of the domain -tree for which a name server has complete information and over which -it has authority. It contains all domain names from a certain point -downward in the domain tree except those which are delegated to -other zones. A delegation point is marked by one or more -NS records in the -parent zone, which should be matched by equivalent NS records at -the root of the delegated zone.

For instance, consider the example.com -domain which includes names -such as host.aaa.example.com and -host.bbb.example.com even though -the example.com zone includes -only delegations for the aaa.example.com and -bbb.example.com zones. A zone can map -exactly to a single domain, but could also include only part of a -domain, the rest of which could be delegated to other -name servers. Every name in the DNS tree is a -domain, even if it is -terminal, that is, has no -subdomains. Every subdomain is a domain and -every domain except the root is also a subdomain. The terminology is -not intuitive and we suggest that you read RFCs 1033, 1034 and 1035 to -gain a complete understanding of this difficult and subtle -topic.

Though BIND is called a "domain name server", -it deals primarily in terms of zones. The master and slave -declarations in the named.conf file specify -zones, not domains. When you ask some other site if it is willing to -be a slave server for your domain, you are -actually asking for slave service for some collection of zones.

1.4.4. Authoritative Name Servers

Each zone is served by at least -one authoritative name server, -which contains the complete data for the zone. -To make the DNS tolerant of server and network failures, -most zones have two or more authoritative servers. -

Responses from authoritative servers have the "authoritative -answer" (AA) bit set in the response packets. This makes them -easy to identify when debugging DNS configurations using tools like -dig (Section 3.3.1.1).

1.4.4.1. The Primary Master

The authoritative server where the master copy of the zone data is maintained is -called the primary master server, or simply the -primary. It loads the zone contents from some -local file edited by humans or perhaps generated mechanically from -some other local file which is edited by humans. This file is called -the zone file or master file.

1.4.4.2. Slave Servers

The other authoritative servers, the slave -servers (also known as secondary servers) load -the zone contents from another server using a replication process -known as a zone transfer. Typically the data are -transferred directly from the primary master, but it is also possible -to transfer it from another slave. In other words, a slave server -may itself act as a master to a subordinate slave server.

1.4.4.3. Stealth Servers

Usually all of the zone's authoritative servers are listed in -NS records in the parent zone. These NS records constitute -a delegation of the zone from the parent. -The authoritative servers are also listed in the zone file itself, -at the top level or apex -of the zone. You can list servers in the zone's top-level NS -records that are not in the parent's NS delegation, but you cannot -list servers in the parent's delegation that are not present at -the zone's top level.

A stealth server is a server that is -authoritative for a zone but is not listed in that zone's NS -records. Stealth servers can be used for keeping a local copy of a -zone to speed up access to the zone's records or to make sure that the -zone is available even if all the "official" servers for the zone are -inaccessible.

A configuration where the primary master server itself is a -stealth server is often referred to as a "hidden primary" -configuration. One use for this configuration is when the primary master -is behind a firewall and therefore unable to communicate directly -with the outside world.

1.4.5. Caching Name Servers

The resolver libraries provided by most operating systems are -stub resolvers, meaning that they are not capable of -performing the full DNS resolution process by themselves by talking -directly to the authoritative servers. Instead, they rely on a local -name server to perform the resolution on their behalf. Such a server -is called a recursive name server; it performs -recursive lookups for local clients.

To improve performance, recursive servers cache the results of -the lookups they perform. Since the processes of recursion and -caching are intimately connected, the terms -recursive server and -caching server are often used synonymously.

The length of time for which a record may be retained in -in the cache of a caching name server is controlled by the -Time To Live (TTL) field associated with each resource record. -

1.4.5.1. Forwarding

Even a caching name server does not necessarily perform -the complete recursive lookup itself. Instead, it can -forward some or all of the queries -that it cannot satisfy from its cache to another caching name server, -commonly referred to as a forwarder. -

There may be one or more forwarders, -and they are queried in turn until the list is exhausted or an answer -is found. Forwarders are typically used when you do not -wish all the servers at a given site to interact directly with the rest of -the Internet servers. A typical scenario would involve a number -of internal DNS servers and an Internet firewall. Servers unable -to pass packets through the firewall would forward to the server -that can do it, and that server would query the Internet DNS servers -on the internal server's behalf. An added benefit of using the forwarding -feature is that the central machine develops a much more complete -cache of information that all the clients can take advantage -of.

1.4.6. Name Servers in Multiple Roles

The BIND name server can simultaneously act as -a master for some zones, a slave for other zones, and as a caching -(recursive) server for a set of local clients.

However, since the functions of authoritative name service -and caching/recursive name service are logically separate, it is -often advantageous to run them on separate server machines. + + + + +Chapter 1. Introduction + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + +
Chapter 1. Introduction
+Prev   Next +
+
+
+
+

+Chapter 1. Introduction

+
+

Table of Contents

+
+
Scope of Document
+
Organization of This Document
+
Conventions Used in This Document
+
The Domain Name System (DNS)
+
+
DNS Fundamentals
+
Domains and Domain Names
+
Zones
+
Authoritative Name Servers
+
Caching Name Servers
+
Name Servers in Multiple Roles
+
+
+
+

+ The Internet Domain Name System (DNS) + consists of the syntax + to specify the names of entities in the Internet in a hierarchical + manner, the rules used for delegating authority over names, and the + system implementation that actually maps names to Internet + addresses. DNS data is maintained in a + group of distributed + hierarchical databases. +

+
+

+Scope of Document

+

+ The Berkeley Internet Name Domain + (BIND) implements an + domain name server for a number of operating systems. This + document provides basic information about the installation and + care of the Internet Software Consortium (ISC) + BIND version 9 software package for + system + administrators. +

+

+ This version of the manual corresponds to BIND version 9.3. +

+
+
+

+Organization of This Document

+

+ In this document, Section 1 introduces + the basic DNS and BIND concepts. Section 2 + describes resource requirements for running BIND in various + environments. Information in Section 3 is + task-oriented in its presentation and is + organized functionally, to aid in the process of installing the + BIND 9 software. The task-oriented + section is followed by + Section 4, which contains more advanced + concepts that the system administrator may need for implementing + certain options. Section 5 + describes the BIND 9 lightweight + resolver. The contents of Section 6 are + organized as in a reference manual to aid in the ongoing + maintenance of the software. Section 7 addresses + security considerations, and + Section 8 contains troubleshooting help. The + main body of the document is followed by several + Appendices which contain useful reference + information, such as a Bibliography and + historic information related to BIND + and the Domain Name + System. +

+
+
+

+Conventions Used in This Document

+

+ In this document, we use the following general typographic + conventions: +

+
++++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

+ To describe: +

+ 		+

+ We use the style: +

+
+

+ a pathname, filename, URL, hostname, + mailing list name, or new term or concept +

+ 		+

+ Fixed width +

+
+

+ literal user + input +

+ 		+

+ Fixed Width Bold +

+
+

+ program output +

+ 		+

+ Fixed Width +

+
+

+ The following conventions are used in descriptions of the + BIND configuration file:

+
++++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

+ To describe: +

+ 		+

+ We use the style: +

+
+

+ keywords +

+ 		+

+ Fixed Width +

+
+

+ variables +

+ 		+

+ Fixed Width +

+
+

+ Optional input +

+ 		+

+ [Text is enclosed in square brackets] +

+
+

+

+
+
+

+The Domain Name System (DNS)

+

+ The purpose of this document is to explain the installation + and upkeep of the BIND software + package, and we + begin by reviewing the fundamentals of the Domain Name System + (DNS) as they relate to BIND. +

+
+

+DNS Fundamentals

+

+ The Domain Name System (DNS) is the hierarchical, distributed + database. It stores information for mapping Internet host names to + IP + addresses and vice versa, mail routing information, and other data + used by Internet applications. +

+

+ Clients look up information in the DNS by calling a + resolver library, which sends queries to one or + more name servers and interprets the responses. + The BIND 9 software distribution + contains a + name server, named, and two resolver + libraries, liblwres and libbind. +

+
+
+

+Domains and Domain Names

+

+ The data stored in the DNS is identified by domain names that are organized as a tree according to + organizational or administrative boundaries. Each node of the tree, + called a domain, is given a label. The domain + name of the + node is the concatenation of all the labels on the path from the + node to the root node. This is represented + in written form as a string of labels listed from right to left and + separated by dots. A label need only be unique within its parent + domain. +

+

+ For example, a domain name for a host at the + company Example, Inc. could be + mail.example.com, + where com is the + top level domain to which + ourhost.example.com belongs, + example is + a subdomain of com, and + ourhost is the + name of the host. +

+

+ For administrative purposes, the name space is partitioned into + areas called zones, each starting at a node and + extending down to the leaf nodes or to nodes where other zones + start. + The data for each zone is stored in a name server, which answers queries about the zone using the + DNS protocol. +

+

+ The data associated with each domain name is stored in the + form of resource records (RRs). + Some of the supported resource record types are described in + the section called “Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them”. +

+

+ For more detailed information about the design of the DNS and + the DNS protocol, please refer to the standards documents listed in + the section called “Request for Comments (RFCs)”. +

+
+
+

+Zones

+

+ To properly operate a name server, it is important to understand + the difference between a zone + and a domain. +

+

+ As we stated previously, a zone is a point of delegation in + the DNS tree. A zone consists of + those contiguous parts of the domain + tree for which a name server has complete information and over which + it has authority. It contains all domain names from a certain point + downward in the domain tree except those which are delegated to + other zones. A delegation point is marked by one or more + NS records in the + parent zone, which should be matched by equivalent NS records at + the root of the delegated zone. +

+

+ For instance, consider the example.com + domain which includes names + such as host.aaa.example.com and + host.bbb.example.com even though + the example.com zone includes + only delegations for the aaa.example.com and + bbb.example.com zones. A zone can + map + exactly to a single domain, but could also include only part of a + domain, the rest of which could be delegated to other + name servers. Every name in the DNS + tree is a + domain, even if it is + terminal, that is, has no + subdomains. Every subdomain is a domain and + every domain except the root is also a subdomain. The terminology is + not intuitive and we suggest that you read RFCs 1033, 1034 and 1035 + to + gain a complete understanding of this difficult and subtle + topic. +

+

+ Though BIND is called a "domain name + server", + it deals primarily in terms of zones. The master and slave + declarations in the named.conf file + specify + zones, not domains. When you ask some other site if it is willing to + be a slave server for your domain, you are + actually asking for slave service for some collection of zones. +

+
+
+

+Authoritative Name Servers

+

+ Each zone is served by at least + one authoritative name server, + which contains the complete data for the zone. + To make the DNS tolerant of server and network failures, + most zones have two or more authoritative servers. +

+

+ Responses from authoritative servers have the "authoritative + answer" (AA) bit set in the response packets. This makes them + easy to identify when debugging DNS configurations using tools like + dig (the section called “Diagnostic Tools”). +

+
+

+The Primary Master

+

+ The authoritative server where the master copy of the zone data is + maintained is + called the primary master server, or simply + the + primary. It loads the zone contents from + some + local file edited by humans or perhaps generated mechanically from + some other local file which is edited by humans. This file is + called + the zone file or master file. +

+
+
+

+Slave Servers

+

+ The other authoritative servers, the slave + servers (also known as secondary servers) + load + the zone contents from another server using a replication process + known as a zone transfer. Typically the data + are + transferred directly from the primary master, but it is also + possible + to transfer it from another slave. In other words, a slave server + may itself act as a master to a subordinate slave server. +

+
+
+

+Stealth Servers

+

+ Usually all of the zone's authoritative servers are listed in + NS records in the parent zone. These NS records constitute + a delegation of the zone from the parent. + The authoritative servers are also listed in the zone file itself, + at the top level or apex + of the zone. You can list servers in the zone's top-level NS + records that are not in the parent's NS delegation, but you cannot + list servers in the parent's delegation that are not present at + the zone's top level. +

+

+ A stealth server is a server that is + authoritative for a zone but is not listed in that zone's NS + records. Stealth servers can be used for keeping a local copy of + a + zone to speed up access to the zone's records or to make sure that + the + zone is available even if all the "official" servers for the zone + are + inaccessible. +

+

+ A configuration where the primary master server itself is a + stealth server is often referred to as a "hidden primary" + configuration. One use for this configuration is when the primary + master + is behind a firewall and therefore unable to communicate directly + with the outside world. +

+
+
+
+

+Caching Name Servers

+

+ The resolver libraries provided by most operating systems are + stub resolvers, meaning that they are not + capable of + performing the full DNS resolution process by themselves by talking + directly to the authoritative servers. Instead, they rely on a + local + name server to perform the resolution on their behalf. Such a + server + is called a recursive name server; it performs + recursive lookups for local clients. +

+

+ To improve performance, recursive servers cache the results of + the lookups they perform. Since the processes of recursion and + caching are intimately connected, the terms + recursive server and + caching server are often used synonymously. +

+

+ The length of time for which a record may be retained in + in the cache of a caching name server is controlled by the + Time To Live (TTL) field associated with each resource record. +

+
+

+Forwarding

+

+ Even a caching name server does not necessarily perform + the complete recursive lookup itself. Instead, it can + forward some or all of the queries + that it cannot satisfy from its cache to another caching name + server, + commonly referred to as a forwarder. +

+

+ There may be one or more forwarders, + and they are queried in turn until the list is exhausted or an + answer + is found. Forwarders are typically used when you do not + wish all the servers at a given site to interact directly with the + rest of + the Internet servers. A typical scenario would involve a number + of internal DNS servers and an + Internet firewall. Servers unable + to pass packets through the firewall would forward to the server + that can do it, and that server would query the Internet DNS servers + on the internal server's behalf. An added benefit of using the + forwarding + feature is that the central machine develops a much more complete + cache of information that all the clients can take advantage + of. +

+
+
+
+

+Name Servers in Multiple Roles

+

+ The BIND name server can + simultaneously act as + a master for some zones, a slave for other zones, and as a caching + (recursive) server for a set of local clients. +

+

+ However, since the functions of authoritative name service + and caching/recursive name service are logically separate, it is + often advantageous to run them on separate server machines. -A server that only provides authoritative name service -(an authoritative-only server) can run with -recursion disabled, improving reliability and security. + A server that only provides authoritative name service + (an authoritative-only server) can run with + recursion disabled, improving reliability and security. -A server that is not authoritative for any zones and only provides -recursive service to local -clients (a caching-only server) -does not need to be reachable from the Internet at large and can -be placed inside a firewall.

PrevHomeNext
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual BIND Resource Requirements
\ No newline at end of file + A server that is not authoritative for any zones and only provides + recursive service to local + clients (a caching-only server) + does not need to be reachable from the Internet at large and can + be placed inside a firewall. +

+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+Prev   Next +
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual Home Chapter 2. BIND Resource Requirements
+
+ + diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch02.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch02.html index d30ea46e1e..a35c5521e9 100644 --- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch02.html +++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch02.html @@ -1,295 +1,156 @@ - -BIND Resource Requirements
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual
PrevNext

Chapter 2. BIND Resource Requirements

2.1. Hardware requirements

DNS hardware requirements have traditionally been quite modest. -For many installations, servers that have been pensioned off from -active duty have performed admirably as DNS servers.

The DNSSEC and IPv6 features of BIND 9 may prove to be quite -CPU intensive however, so organizations that make heavy use of these -features may wish to consider larger systems for these applications. -BIND 9 is fully multithreaded, allowing full utilization of -multiprocessor systems for installations that need it.

2.2. CPU Requirements

CPU requirements for BIND 9 range from i486-class machines -for serving of static zones without caching, to enterprise-class -machines if you intend to process many dynamic updates and DNSSEC -signed zones, serving many thousands of queries per second.

2.3. Memory Requirements

The memory of the server has to be large enough to fit the -cache and zones loaded off disk. The max-cache-size -option can be used to limit the amount of memory used by the cache, -at the expense of reducing cache hit rates and causing more DNS -traffic. -Additionally, if additional section caching -(Section 6.2.16.18) is enabled, -the max-acache-size can be used to limit the amount -of memory used by the mechanism. -It is still good practice to have enough memory to load -all zone and cache data into memory — unfortunately, the best way -to determine this for a given installation is to watch the name server -in operation. After a few weeks the server process should reach -a relatively stable size where entries are expiring from the cache as -fast as they are being inserted.

2.4. Name Server Intensive Environment Issues

For name server intensive environments, there are two alternative -configurations that may be used. The first is where clients and -any second-level internal name servers query a main name server, which -has enough memory to build a large cache. This approach minimizes -the bandwidth used by external name lookups. The second alternative -is to set up second-level internal name servers to make queries independently. -In this configuration, none of the individual machines needs to -have as much memory or CPU power as in the first alternative, but -this has the disadvantage of making many more external queries, -as none of the name servers share their cached data.

2.5. Supported Operating Systems

ISC BIND 9 compiles and runs on a large number -of Unix-like operating system and on Windows NT / 2000. For an up-to-date -list of supported systems, see the README file in the top level directory -of the BIND 9 source distribution.

PrevHomeNext
Introduction Name Server Configuration
\ No newline at end of file + + + + +Chapter 2. BIND Resource Requirements + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
Chapter 2. BIND Resource Requirements
+Prev   Next +
+
+
+
+

+Chapter 2. BIND Resource Requirements

+
+

Table of Contents

+
+
Hardware requirements
+
CPU Requirements
+
Memory Requirements
+
Name Server Intensive Environment Issues
+
Supported Operating Systems
+
+
+
+

+Hardware requirements

+

+ DNS hardware requirements have + traditionally been quite modest. + For many installations, servers that have been pensioned off from + active duty have performed admirably as DNS servers. +

+

+ The DNSSEC and IPv6 features of BIND 9 + may prove to be quite + CPU intensive however, so organizations that make heavy use of these + features may wish to consider larger systems for these applications. + BIND 9 is fully multithreaded, allowing + full utilization of + multiprocessor systems for installations that need it. +

+
+
+

+CPU Requirements

+

+ CPU requirements for BIND 9 range from + i486-class machines + for serving of static zones without caching, to enterprise-class + machines if you intend to process many dynamic updates and DNSSEC + signed zones, serving many thousands of queries per second. +

+
+
+

+Memory Requirements

+

+ The memory of the server has to be large enough to fit the + cache and zones loaded off disk. The max-cache-size + option can be used to limit the amount of memory used by the cache, + at the expense of reducing cache hit rates and causing more DNS + traffic. + Additionally, if additional section caching + (the section called “Additional Section Caching”) is enabled, + the max-acache-size can be used to + limit the amount + of memory used by the mechanism. + It is still good practice to have enough memory to load + all zone and cache data into memory — unfortunately, the best + way + to determine this for a given installation is to watch the name server + in operation. After a few weeks the server process should reach + a relatively stable size where entries are expiring from the cache as + fast as they are being inserted. +

+
+
+

+Name Server Intensive Environment Issues

+

+ For name server intensive environments, there are two alternative + configurations that may be used. The first is where clients and + any second-level internal name servers query a main name server, which + has enough memory to build a large cache. This approach minimizes + the bandwidth used by external name lookups. The second alternative + is to set up second-level internal name servers to make queries + independently. + In this configuration, none of the individual machines needs to + have as much memory or CPU power as in the first alternative, but + this has the disadvantage of making many more external queries, + as none of the name servers share their cached data. +

+
+
+

+Supported Operating Systems

+

+ ISC BIND 9 compiles and runs on a large + number + of Unix-like operating system and on Windows NT / 2000. For an + up-to-date + list of supported systems, see the README file in the top level + directory + of the BIND 9 source distribution. +

+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+Prev   Next +
Chapter 1. Introduction Home Chapter 3. Name Server Configuration
+
+ + diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html index 2f1b3f98fc..d38f7e61bb 100644 --- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html +++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch03.html @@ -1,133 +1,84 @@ - -Name Server Configuration
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual
PrevNext

Chapter 3. Name Server Configuration

In this section we provide some suggested configurations along -with guidelines for their use. We also address the topic of reasonable -option setting.

3.1. Sample Configurations

3.1.1. A Caching-only Name Server

The following sample configuration is appropriate for a caching-only -name server for use by clients internal to a corporation. All queries -from outside clients are refused using the allow-query -option. Alternatively, the same effect could be achieved using suitable -firewall rules.


// Two corporate subnets we wish to allow queries from.
+
+
+
+
+Chapter 3. Name Server Configuration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Chapter 3. Name Server Configuration

+Prev   Next
+

+

+

+

+

+Chapter 3. Name Server Configuration

+

+
Table of Contents

+

+
Sample Configurations

+

+
A Caching-only Name Server

+
An Authoritative-only Name Server

+

+
Load Balancing

+
Name Server Operations

+

+
Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon

+
Signals

+

+

+

+

+      In this section we provide some suggested configurations along
+      with guidelines for their use. We also address the topic of reasonable
+      option setting.
+    

+

+

+Sample Configurations

+

+

+A Caching-only Name Server

+

+          The following sample configuration is appropriate for a caching-only
+          name server for use by clients internal to a corporation.  All
+          queries
+          from outside clients are refused using the allow-query
+          option.  Alternatively, the same effect could be achieved using
+          suitable
+          firewall rules.
+        

+
+// Two corporate subnets we wish to allow queries from.
 acl corpnets { 192.168.4.0/24; 192.168.7.0/24; };
 options {
      directory "/etc/namedb";           // Working directory
@@ -139,29 +90,18 @@ zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
      file "localhost.rev";
      notify no;
 };
-
3.1.2. An Authoritative-only Name Server
This sample configuration is for an authoritative-only server
-that is the master server for "example.com"
-and a slave for the subdomain "eng.example.com".

options {
+

+

+

+

+An Authoritative-only Name Server

+

+          This sample configuration is for an authoritative-only server
+          that is the master server for "example.com"
+          and a slave for the subdomain "eng.example.com".
+        

+
+options {
      directory "/etc/namedb";           // Working directory
      allow-query-cache { none; };       // Do not allow access to cache
      allow-query { any; };              // This is the default
@@ -191,1252 +131,565 @@ zone "eng.example.com" {
      // IP address of eng.example.com master server
      masters { 192.168.4.12; };
 };
-
3.2. Load Balancing
A primitive form of load balancing can be achieved in
-the DNS by using multiple A records for one name.
For example, if you have three WWW servers with network addresses
-of 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2 and 10.0.0.3, a set of records such as the
-following means that clients will connect to each machine one third
-of the time:
Name
TTL
CLASS
TYPE
Resource Record (RR) Data
www
600
IN
A
10.0.0.1
600
IN
A
10.0.0.2
600
IN
A
10.0.0.3
When a resolver queries for these records, BIND will rotate
-    them and respond to the query with the records in a different
-    order.  In the example above, clients will randomly receive
-    records in the order 1, 2, 3; 2, 3, 1; and 3, 1, 2. Most clients
-    will use the first record returned and discard the rest.
For more detail on ordering responses, check the
-    rrset-order substatement in the
-    options statement, see
-    RRset Ordering.
-    This substatement is not supported in
-    BIND 9, and only the ordering scheme described above is
-    available.
3.3. Name Server Operations
3.3.1. Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon
There are several indispensable diagnostic, administrative
-and monitoring tools available to the system administrator for controlling
-and debugging the name server daemon. We describe several in this
-section 
3.3.1.1. Diagnostic Tools
The dig, host, and
-nslookup programs are all command line tools
-for manually querying name servers.  They differ in style and
-output format.
-
dig
The domain information groper (dig)
-is the most versatile and complete of these lookup tools.
-It has two modes: simple interactive
-mode for a single query, and batch mode which executes a query for
-each in a list of several query lines. All query options are accessible
-from the command line.
dig  [@server]  domain  [query-type] [query-class] [+query-option] [-dig-option] [%comment]
The usual simple use of dig will take the form
dig @server domain query-type query-class
For more information and a list of available commands and
-options, see the dig man page.
host
The host utility emphasizes simplicity
-and ease of use.  By default, it converts
-between host names and Internet addresses, but its functionality
-can be extended with the use of options.
host  [-aCdlrTwv] [-c class] [-N ndots] [-t type] [-W timeout] [-R retries]  hostname  [server]
For more information and a list of available commands and
-options, see the host man page.
nslookup
nslookup has two modes: interactive
-and non-interactive. Interactive mode allows the user to query name servers
-for information about various hosts and domains or to print a list
-of hosts in a domain. Non-interactive mode is used to print just
-the name and requested information for a host or domain.
nslookup  [-option...] [host-to-find | -  [server]]
Interactive mode is entered when no arguments are given (the
-default name server will be used) or when the first argument is a
-hyphen (`-') and the second argument is the host name or Internet address
-of a name server.
Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet address
-of the host to be looked up is given as the first argument. The
-optional second argument specifies the host name or address of a name server.
Due to its arcane user interface and frequently inconsistent
-behavior, we do not recommend the use of nslookup.
-Use dig instead.
3.3.1.2. Administrative Tools
Administrative tools play an integral part in the management
-of a server.
named-checkconf
The named-checkconf program
-              checks the syntax of a named.conf file.
named-checkconf  [-jvz] [-t directory] [filename]
named-checkzone
The named-checkzone program checks a master file for
-              syntax and consistency.
named-checkzone  [-djqvD] [-c class] [-o output] [-t directory] [-w directory] [-k (ignore|warn|fail)] [-n (ignore|warn|fail)] [-W (ignore|warn)]  zone  [filename]
rndc
The remote name daemon control
-              (rndc) program allows the system
-              administrator to control the operation of a name server.
-              If you run rndc without any options
-              it will display a usage message as follows:
rndc  [-c config] [-s server] [-p port] [-y key]  command  [command...]
command is one of the following:
reload
Reload configuration file and zones.
reload zone
-       [class
-           [view]]
Reload the given zone.
refresh zone
-       [class
-           [view]]
Schedule zone maintenance for the given zone.
retransfer zone
-       [class
-           [view]]
Retransfer the given zone from the master.
freeze [zone
-       [class
-           [view]]]
Suspend updates to a dynamic zone.  If no zone is specified
-	then all zones are suspended.  This allows manual
-    edits to be made to a zone normally updated by dynamic update.  It
-    also causes changes in the journal file to be synced into the master
-    and the journal file to be removed.  All dynamic update attempts will
-    be refused while the zone is frozen.
thaw [zone
-       [class
-           [view]]]
Enable updates to a frozen dynamic zone.  If no zone is
-    specified then all frozen zones are enabled.  This causes
-    the server to reload the zone from disk, and re-enables dynamic updates
-    after the load has completed.  After a zone is thawed, dynamic updates
-    will no longer be refused.
notify zone
-       [class
-           [view]]
Resend NOTIFY messages for the zone
reconfig
Reload the configuration file and load new zones,
-   but do not reload existing zone files even if they have changed.
-   This is faster than a full reload when there
-   is a large number of zones because it avoids the need to examine the
-   modification times of the zones files.
-   
stats
Write server statistics to the statistics file.
querylog
Toggle query logging. Query logging can also be enabled
-   by explicitly directing the queries
-   category to a channel in the
-   logging section of
-   named.conf.
dumpdb [-all|-cache|-zone] [view ...]
Dump the server's caches (default) and / or zones to the
-	 dump file for the specified views.  If no view is specified all
-	 views are dumped.
stop [-p]
Stop the server, making sure any recent changes
-   made through dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to the master files
-   of the updated zones.  If -p is specified named's process id is returned.
halt [-p]
Stop the server immediately.  Recent changes
-   made through dynamic update or IXFR are not saved to the master files,
-   but will be rolled forward from the journal files when the server
-   is restarted.  If -p is specified named's process id is returned.
trace
Increment the servers debugging level by one. 
trace level
Sets the server's debugging level to an explicit
-   value.
notrace
Sets the server's debugging level to 0.
flush
Flushes the server's cache.
flushname name
Flushes the given name from the server's cache.
status
Display status of the server.
-Note the number of zones includes the internal bind/CH zone
-and the default ./IN hint zone if there is not a
-explicit root zone configured.
recursing
Dump the list of queries named is currently recursing
-   on.
-   
In BIND 9.2, rndc
-supports all the commands of the BIND 8 ndc
-utility except ndc start and
-ndc restart, which were also
-not supported in ndc's channel mode.
A configuration file is required, since all
-communication with the server is authenticated with
-digital signatures that rely on a shared secret, and
-there is no way to provide that secret other than with a
-configuration file.  The default location for the
-rndc configuration file is
-/etc/rndc.conf, but an alternate
-location can be specified with the -c
-option.  If the configuration file is not found,
-rndc will also look in
-/etc/rndc.key (or whatever
-sysconfdir was defined when
-the BIND build was configured).
-The rndc.key file is generated by
-running rndc-confgen -a as described in
-Section 6.2.4.
The format of the configuration file is similar to
-that of named.conf, but limited to
-only four statements, the options,
-key, server and
-include
-statements.  These statements are what associate the
-secret keys to the servers with which they are meant to
-be shared.  The order of statements is not
-significant.
The options statement has three clauses:
-default-server, default-key, 
-and default-port.
-default-server takes a
-host name or address argument  and represents the server that will
-be contacted if no -s
-option is provided on the command line.  
-default-key takes
-the name of a key as its argument, as defined by a key statement.
-default-port specifies the port to which
-rndc should connect if no
-port is given on the command line or in a
-server statement.
The key statement defines an key to be used
-by rndc when authenticating with
-named.  Its syntax is identical to the
-key statement in named.conf.
-The keyword key is
-followed by a key name, which must be a valid
-domain name, though it need not actually be hierarchical; thus,
-a string like "rndc_key" is a valid name.
-The key statement has two clauses:
-algorithm and secret.
-While the configuration parser will accept any string as the argument
-to algorithm, currently only the string "hmac-md5"
-has any meaning.  The secret is a base-64 encoded string.
The server statement associates a key
-defined using the key statement with a server.
-The keyword server is followed by a
-host name or address.  The server statement
-has two clauses: key and port.
-The key clause specifies the name of the key
-to be used when communicating with this server, and the
-port clause can be used to
-specify the port rndc should connect
-to on the server.
A sample minimal configuration file is as follows:

key rndc_key {
+

+

+

+

+

+Load Balancing

+

+        A primitive form of load balancing can be achieved in
+        the DNS by using multiple A records for
+        one name.
+      

+

+        For example, if you have three WWW servers with network addresses
+        of 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2 and 10.0.0.3, a set of records such as the
+        following means that clients will connect to each machine one third
+        of the time:
+      

+

+++++++
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+








+                

+                  Name
+                

+              		
+                

+                  TTL
+                

+              		
+                

+                  CLASS
+                

+              		
+                

+                  TYPE
+                

+              		
+                

+                  Resource Record (RR) Data
+                

+              

+                

+                  www
+                

+              		
+                

+                  600
+                

+              		
+                

+                  IN
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A
+                

+              		
+                

+                  10.0.0.1
+                

+              

+                

+              		
+                

+                  600
+                

+              		
+                

+                  IN
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A
+                

+              		
+                

+                  10.0.0.2
+                

+              

+                

+              		
+                

+                  600
+                

+              		
+                

+                  IN
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A
+                

+              		
+                

+                  10.0.0.3
+                

+              

+

+        When a resolver queries for these records, BIND will rotate
+        them and respond to the query with the records in a different
+        order.  In the example above, clients will randomly receive
+        records in the order 1, 2, 3; 2, 3, 1; and 3, 1, 2. Most clients
+        will use the first record returned and discard the rest.
+      

+

+        For more detail on ordering responses, check the
+        rrset-order substatement in the
+        options statement, see
+        RRset Ordering.
+        This substatement is not supported in
+        BIND 9, and only the ordering scheme
+        described above is
+        available.
+      

+

+

+

+Name Server Operations

+

+

+Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon

+

+          There are several indispensable diagnostic, administrative
+          and monitoring tools available to the system administrator for
+          controlling
+          and debugging the name server daemon. We describe several in this
+          section
+        

+

+

+Diagnostic Tools

+

+            The dig, host, and
+            nslookup programs are all command
+            line tools
+            for manually querying name servers.  They differ in style and
+            output format.
+          

+

+
dig

+

+

+                  The domain information groper (dig)
+                  is the most versatile and complete of these lookup tools.
+                  It has two modes: simple interactive
+                  mode for a single query, and batch mode which executes a
+                  query for
+                  each in a list of several query lines. All query options are
+                  accessible
+                  from the command line.
+                

+
dig  [@server]  domain  [query-type] [query-class] [+query-option] [-dig-option] [%comment]

+

+                  The usual simple use of dig will take the form
+                

+

+                  dig @server domain query-type query-class
+                

+

+                  For more information and a list of available commands and
+                  options, see the dig man
+                  page.
+                

+

+
host

+

+

+                  The host utility emphasizes
+                  simplicity
+                  and ease of use.  By default, it converts
+                  between host names and Internet addresses, but its
+                  functionality
+                  can be extended with the use of options.
+                

+
host  [-aCdlrTwv] [-c class] [-N ndots] [-t type] [-W timeout] [-R retries]  hostname  [server]

+

+                  For more information and a list of available commands and
+                  options, see the host man
+                  page.
+                

+

+
nslookup

+

+
nslookup
+		  has two modes: interactive and
+                  non-interactive. Interactive mode allows the user to
+                  query name servers for information about various
+                  hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts in a
+                  domain. Non-interactive mode is used to print just
+                  the name and requested information for a host or
+                  domain.
+                

+
nslookup  [-option...] [[host-to-find] |  [-  [server]]]

+

+                  Interactive mode is entered when no arguments are given (the
+                  default name server will be used) or when the first argument
+                  is a
+                  hyphen (`-') and the second argument is the host name or
+                  Internet address
+                  of a name server.
+                

+

+                  Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet
+                  address
+                  of the host to be looked up is given as the first argument.
+                  The
+                  optional second argument specifies the host name or address
+                  of a name server.
+                

+

+                  Due to its arcane user interface and frequently inconsistent
+                  behavior, we do not recommend the use of nslookup.
+                  Use dig instead.
+                

+

+

+

+

+

+Administrative Tools

+

+            Administrative tools play an integral part in the management
+            of a server.
+          

+

+

+named-checkconf
+

+

+

+                  The named-checkconf program
+                  checks the syntax of a named.conf file.
+                

+
named-checkconf  [-jvz] [-t directory] [filename]

+

+

+named-checkzone
+

+

+

+                  The named-checkzone program
+                  checks a master file for
+                  syntax and consistency.
+                

+
named-checkzone  [-djqvD] [-c class] [-o output] [-t directory] [-w directory] [-k (ignore|warn|fail)] [-n (ignore|warn|fail)] [-W (ignore|warn)]  zone  [filename]

+

+

+rndc
+

+

+

+                  The remote name daemon control
+                  (rndc) program allows the
+                  system
+                  administrator to control the operation of a name server.
+                  If you run rndc without any
+                  options
+                  it will display a usage message as follows:
+                

+
rndc  [-c config] [-s server] [-p port] [-y key]  command  [command...]

+
command
+		  is one of the following:
+                

+

+
reload

+

+                        Reload configuration file and zones.
+                      

+
reload zone
+                        [class
+           [view]]

+

+                        Reload the given zone.
+                      

+
refresh zone
+                        [class
+           [view]]

+

+                        Schedule zone maintenance for the given zone.
+                      

+
retransfer zone
+
+                        [class
+           [view]]

+

+                        Retransfer the given zone from the master.
+                      

+
freeze
+                        [zone
+       [class
+           [view]]]

+

+                        Suspend updates to a dynamic zone.  If no zone is
+                        specified
+                        then all zones are suspended.  This allows manual
+                        edits to be made to a zone normally updated by dynamic
+                        update.  It
+                        also causes changes in the journal file to be synced
+                        into the master
+                        and the journal file to be removed.  All dynamic
+                        update attempts will
+                        be refused while the zone is frozen.
+                      

+
thaw
+                        [zone
+       [class
+           [view]]]

+

+                        Enable updates to a frozen dynamic zone.  If no zone
+                        is
+                        specified then all frozen zones are enabled.  This
+                        causes
+                        the server to reload the zone from disk, and
+                        re-enables dynamic updates
+                        after the load has completed.  After a zone is thawed,
+                        dynamic updates
+                        will no longer be refused.
+                      

+
notify zone
+                        [class
+           [view]]

+

+                        Resend NOTIFY messages for the zone
+                      

+
reconfig

+

+                        Reload the configuration file and load new zones,
+                        but do not reload existing zone files even if they
+                        have changed.
+                        This is faster than a full reload when there
+                        is a large number of zones because it avoids the need
+                        to examine the
+                        modification times of the zones files.
+                      

+
stats

+

+                        Write server statistics to the statistics file.
+                      

+
querylog

+

+                        Toggle query logging. Query logging can also be
+                        enabled
+                        by explicitly directing the queries
+                        category to a channel in the
+                        logging section of
+                        named.conf.
+                      

+
dumpdb
+                        [-all|-cache|-zone]
+                        [view ...]

+

+                        Dump the server's caches (default) and / or zones to
+                        the
+                        dump file for the specified views.  If no view is
+                        specified all
+                        views are dumped.
+                      

+
stop [-p]

+

+                        Stop the server, making sure any recent changes
+                        made through dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to
+                        the master files
+                        of the updated zones.  If -p is specified named's
+                        process id is returned.
+                      

+
halt [-p]

+

+                        Stop the server immediately.  Recent changes
+                        made through dynamic update or IXFR are not saved to
+                        the master files,
+                        but will be rolled forward from the journal files when
+                        the server
+                        is restarted.  If -p is specified named's process id
+                        is returned.
+                      

+
trace

+

+                        Increment the servers debugging level by one.
+                      

+
trace level

+

+                        Sets the server's debugging level to an explicit
+                        value.
+                      

+
notrace

+

+                        Sets the server's debugging level to 0.
+                      

+
flush

+

+                        Flushes the server's cache.
+                      

+
flushname name

+

+                        Flushes the given name from the server's cache.
+                      

+
flushname name

+

+                        Flushes the given name from the server's cache.
+                      

+
status

+

+                        Display status of the server.
+                        Note the number of zones includes the internal bind/CH zone
+                        and the default ./IN
+                        hint zone if there is not a
+                        explicit root zone configured.
+                      

+
recursing

+

+                        Dump the list of queries named is currently recursing
+                        on.
+                      

+
recursing

+

+                        Dump the list of queries named is currently recursing
+                        on.
+                      

+

+

+                  In BIND 9.2, rndc
+                  supports all the commands of the BIND 8 ndc
+                  utility except ndc start and
+                  ndc restart, which were also
+                  not supported in ndc's
+                  channel mode.
+                

+

+                  A configuration file is required, since all
+                  communication with the server is authenticated with
+                  digital signatures that rely on a shared secret, and
+                  there is no way to provide that secret other than with a
+                  configuration file.  The default location for the
+                  rndc configuration file is
+                  /etc/rndc.conf, but an
+                  alternate
+                  location can be specified with the -c
+                  option.  If the configuration file is not found,
+                  rndc will also look in
+                  /etc/rndc.key (or whatever
+                  sysconfdir was defined when
+                  the BIND build was
+                  configured).
+                  The rndc.key file is
+                  generated by
+                  running rndc-confgen -a as
+                  described in
+                  the section called “controls Statement Definition and
+          Usage”.
+                

+

+                  The format of the configuration file is similar to
+                  that of named.conf, but
+                  limited to
+                  only four statements, the options,
+                  key, server and
+                  include
+                  statements.  These statements are what associate the
+                  secret keys to the servers with which they are meant to
+                  be shared.  The order of statements is not
+                  significant.
+                

+

+                  The options statement has
+                  three clauses:
+                  default-server, default-key,
+                  and default-port.
+                  default-server takes a
+                  host name or address argument  and represents the server
+                  that will
+                  be contacted if no -s
+                  option is provided on the command line.
+                  default-key takes
+                  the name of a key as its argument, as defined by a key statement.
+                  default-port specifies the
+                  port to which
+                  rndc should connect if no
+                  port is given on the command line or in a
+                  server statement.
+                

+

+                  The key statement defines an
+                  key to be used
+                  by rndc when authenticating
+                  with
+                  named.  Its syntax is
+                  identical to the
+                  key statement in named.conf.
+                  The keyword key is
+                  followed by a key name, which must be a valid
+                  domain name, though it need not actually be hierarchical;
+                  thus,
+                  a string like "rndc_key" is a valid
+                  name.
+                  The key statement has two
+                  clauses:
+                  algorithm and secret.
+                  While the configuration parser will accept any string as the
+                  argument
+                  to algorithm, currently only the string "hmac-md5"
+                  has any meaning.  The secret is a base-64 encoded string.
+                

+

+                  The server statement
+                  associates a key
+                  defined using the key
+                  statement with a server.
+                  The keyword server is followed by a
+                  host name or address.  The server statement
+                  has two clauses: key and port.
+                  The key clause specifies the
+                  name of the key
+                  to be used when communicating with this server, and the
+                  port clause can be used to
+                  specify the port rndc should
+                  connect
+                  to on the server.
+                

+

+                  A sample minimal configuration file is as follows:
+                

+
+key rndc_key {
      algorithm "hmac-md5";
      secret "c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K";
 };
@@ -1444,213 +697,114 @@ options {
      default-server 127.0.0.1;
      default-key    rndc_key;
 };
-
This file, if installed as /etc/rndc.conf,
-would allow the command:
$ rndc reload
to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 953 and cause the name server
-to reload, if a name server on the local machine were running with
-following controls statements:

controls {
+

+

+                  This file, if installed as /etc/rndc.conf,
+                  would allow the command:
+                

+

+                  $ rndc reload
+                

+

+                  to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 953 and cause the name server
+                  to reload, if a name server on the local machine were
+                  running with
+                  following controls statements:
+                

+
+controls {
         inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; };
 };
-
and it had an identical key statement for
-rndc_key.
Running the rndc-confgen program will
-conveniently create a rndc.conf
-file for you, and also display the
-corresponding controls statement that you need to
-add to named.conf.  Alternatively,
-you can run rndc-confgen -a to set up
-a rndc.key file and not modify 
-named.conf at all.
-
3.3.2. Signals
Certain UNIX signals cause the name server to take specific
-actions, as described in the following table.  These signals can
-be sent using the kill command.
SIGHUP
Causes the server to read named.conf and
-reload the database. 
SIGTERM
Causes the server to clean up and exit.

SIGINT

-
Causes the server to clean up and exit.
PrevHomeNext
BIND Resource Requirements Advanced DNS Features

\ No newline at end of file
+
+

+ and it had an identical key statement for + rndc_key. +

+

+ Running the rndc-confgen + program will + conveniently create a rndc.conf + file for you, and also display the + corresponding controls + statement that you need to + add to named.conf. + Alternatively, + you can run rndc-confgen -a + to set up + a rndc.key file and not + modify + named.conf at all. +

+ +
+
+
+
+

+Signals

+

+ Certain UNIX signals cause the name server to take specific + actions, as described in the following table. These signals can + be sent using the kill command. +

+
++++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

SIGHUP

+ 		+

+ Causes the server to read named.conf and + reload the database. +

+
+

SIGTERM

+ 		+

+ Causes the server to clean up and exit. +

+
+

SIGINT

+ 		+

+ Causes the server to clean up and exit. +

+
+
+ + +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+Prev   Next +
Chapter 2. BIND Resource Requirements Home Chapter 4. Advanced DNS Features
+
+ + diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html index b7e6907432..6e4c432430 100644 --- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html +++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch04.html @@ -1,622 +1,357 @@ - -Advanced DNS Features
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual
PrevNext

Chapter 4. Advanced DNS Features

4.1. Notify

DNS NOTIFY is a mechanism that allows master -servers to notify their slave servers of changes to a zone's data. In -response to a NOTIFY from a master server, the -slave will check to see that its version of the zone is the -current version and, if not, initiate a zone transfer.

DNS -For more information about -NOTIFY, see the description of the -notify option in Section 6.2.16.1 and -the description of the zone option also-notify in -Section 6.2.16.7. The NOTIFY -protocol is specified in RFC 1996. -

4.2. Dynamic Update

Dynamic Update is a method for adding, replacing or deleting - records in a master server by sending it a special form of DNS - messages. The format and meaning of these messages is specified - in RFC 2136.

Dynamic update is enabled by - including an allow-update or - update-policy clause in the - zone statement.

Updating of secure zones (zones using DNSSEC) follows - RFC 3007: RRSIG and NSEC records affected by updates are automatically - regenerated by the server using an online zone key. - Update authorization is based - on transaction signatures and an explicit server policy.

4.2.1. The journal file

All changes made to a zone using dynamic update are stored - in the zone's journal file. This file is automatically created - by the server when the first dynamic update takes place. - The name of the journal file is formed by appending the extension - .jnl to the name of the corresponding zone - file unless specifically overridden. The journal file is in a - binary format and should not be edited manually.

The server will also occasionally write ("dump") - the complete contents of the updated zone to its zone file. - This is not done immediately after - each dynamic update, because that would be too slow when a large - zone is updated frequently. Instead, the dump is delayed by - up to 15 minutes, allowing additional updates to take place.

When a server is restarted after a shutdown or crash, it will replay - the journal file to incorporate into the zone any updates that took - place after the last zone dump.

Changes that result from incoming incremental zone transfers are also - journalled in a similar way.

The zone files of dynamic zones cannot normally be edited by - hand because they are not guaranteed to contain the most recent - dynamic changes - those are only in the journal file. - The only way to ensure that the zone file of a dynamic zone - is up to date is to run rndc stop.

If you have to make changes to a dynamic zone - manually, the following procedure will work: Disable dynamic updates - to the zone using - rndc freeze zone. - This will also remove the zone's .jnl file - and update the master file. Edit the zone file. Run - rndc unfreeze zone - to reload the changed zone and re-enable dynamic updates.

4.3. Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)

The incremental zone transfer (IXFR) protocol is a way for -slave servers to transfer only changed data, instead of having to -transfer the entire zone. The IXFR protocol is specified in RFC -1995. See Proposed Standards.

When acting as a master, BIND 9 -supports IXFR for those zones -where the necessary change history information is available. These -include master zones maintained by dynamic update and slave zones -whose data was obtained by IXFR. For manually maintained master -zones, and for slave zones obtained by performing a full zone -transfer (AXFR), IXFR is supported only if the option -ixfr-from-differences is set -to yes. -

When acting as a slave, BIND 9 will -attempt to use IXFR unless -it is explicitly disabled. For more information about disabling -IXFR, see the description of the request-ixfr clause -of the server statement.

4.4. Split DNS

Setting up different views, or visibility, of the DNS space to -internal and external resolvers is usually referred to as a Split -DNS setup. There are several reasons an organization -would want to set up its DNS this way.

One common reason for setting up a DNS system this way is -to hide "internal" DNS information from "external" clients on the -Internet. There is some debate as to whether or not this is actually useful. -Internal DNS information leaks out in many ways (via email headers, -for example) and most savvy "attackers" can find the information -they need using other means.

Another common reason for setting up a Split DNS system is -to allow internal networks that are behind filters or in RFC 1918 -space (reserved IP space, as documented in RFC 1918) to resolve DNS -on the Internet. Split DNS can also be used to allow mail from outside -back in to the internal network.

Here is an example of a split DNS setup:

Let's say a company named Example, Inc. -(example.com) -has several corporate sites that have an internal network with reserved -Internet Protocol (IP) space and an external demilitarized zone (DMZ), -or "outside" section of a network, that is available to the public.

Example, Inc. wants its internal clients -to be able to resolve external hostnames and to exchange mail with -people on the outside. The company also wants its internal resolvers -to have access to certain internal-only zones that are not available -at all outside of the internal network.

In order to accomplish this, the company will set up two sets -of name servers. One set will be on the inside network (in the reserved -IP space) and the other set will be on bastion hosts, which are "proxy" -hosts that can talk to both sides of its network, in the DMZ.

The internal servers will be configured to forward all queries, -except queries for site1.internal, site2.internal, site1.example.com, -and site2.example.com, to the servers in the -DMZ. These internal servers will have complete sets of information -for site1.example.com, site2.example.com, site1.internal, -and site2.internal.

To protect the site1.internal and site2.internal domains, -the internal name servers must be configured to disallow all queries -to these domains from any external hosts, including the bastion -hosts.

The external servers, which are on the bastion hosts, will -be configured to serve the "public" version of the site1 and site2.example.com zones. -This could include things such as the host records for public servers -(www.example.com and ftp.example.com), -and mail exchange (MX) records (a.mx.example.com and b.mx.example.com).

In addition, the public site1 and site2.example.com zones -should have special MX records that contain wildcard (`*') records -pointing to the bastion hosts. This is needed because external mail -servers do not have any other way of looking up how to deliver mail -to those internal hosts. With the wildcard records, the mail will -be delivered to the bastion host, which can then forward it on to -internal hosts.

Here's an example of a wildcard MX record:

*   IN MX 10 external1.example.com.

Now that they accept mail on behalf of anything in the internal -network, the bastion hosts will need to know how to deliver mail -to internal hosts. In order for this to work properly, the resolvers on -the bastion hosts will need to be configured to point to the internal -name servers for DNS resolution.

Queries for internal hostnames will be answered by the internal -servers, and queries for external hostnames will be forwarded back -out to the DNS servers on the bastion hosts.

In order for all this to work properly, internal clients will -need to be configured to query only the internal -name servers for DNS queries. This could also be enforced via selective -filtering on the network.

If everything has been set properly, Example, Inc.'s -internal clients will now be able to:

  • Look up any hostnames in the site1 and -site2.example.com zones.

  • Look up any hostnames in the site1.internal and -site2.internal domains.

  • Look up any hostnames on the Internet.

  • Exchange mail with internal AND external people.

Hosts on the Internet will be able to:

  • Look up any hostnames in the site1 and -site2.example.com zones.

  • Exchange mail with anyone in the site1 and -site2.example.com zones.

Here is an example configuration for the setup we just - described above. Note that this is only configuration information; - for information on how to configure your zone files, see Section 3.1

Internal DNS server config:


+
+
+
+
+Chapter 4. Advanced DNS Features
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Chapter 4. Advanced DNS Features

+Prev   Next
+

+

+

+

+

+Chapter 4. Advanced DNS Features

+

+
Table of Contents

+

+
Notify

+
Dynamic Update

+
The journal file

+
Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)

+
Split DNS

+
TSIG

+

+
Generate Shared Keys for Each Pair of Hosts

+
Copying the Shared Secret to Both Machines

+
Informing the Servers of the Key's Existence

+
Instructing the Server to Use the Key

+
TSIG Key Based Access Control

+
Errors

+

+
TKEY

+
SIG(0)

+
DNSSEC

+

+
Generating Keys

+
Signing the Zone

+
Configuring Servers

+

+
IPv6 Support in BIND 9

+

+
Address Lookups Using AAAA Records

+
Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format

+

+

+

+

+

+Notify

+

+        DNS NOTIFY is a mechanism that allows
+        master
+        servers to notify their slave servers of changes to a zone's data. In
+        response to a NOTIFY from a master
+        server, the
+        slave will check to see that its version of the zone is the
+        current version and, if not, initiate a zone transfer.
+      

+

+        DNS
+        For more information about
+        NOTIFY, see the description of the
+        notify option in the section called “Boolean Options” and
+        the description of the zone option also-notify in
+        the section called “Zone Transfers”.  The NOTIFY
+        protocol is specified in RFC 1996.
+      

+

+

+

+Dynamic Update

+

+        Dynamic Update is a method for adding, replacing or deleting
+        records in a master server by sending it a special form of DNS
+        messages.  The format and meaning of these messages is specified
+        in RFC 2136.
+      

+

+        Dynamic update is enabled by
+        including an allow-update or
+        update-policy clause in the
+        zone statement.
+      

+

+        Updating of secure zones (zones using DNSSEC) follows
+        RFC 3007: RRSIG and NSEC records affected by updates are automatically
+            regenerated by the server using an online zone key.
+        Update authorization is based
+        on transaction signatures and an explicit server policy.
+      

+

+

+The journal file

+

+          All changes made to a zone using dynamic update are stored
+          in the zone's journal file.  This file is automatically created
+          by the server when the first dynamic update takes place.
+          The name of the journal file is formed by appending the extension
+          .jnl to the name of the
+          corresponding zone
+          file unless specifically overridden.  The journal file is in a
+          binary format and should not be edited manually.
+        

+

+          The server will also occasionally write ("dump")
+          the complete contents of the updated zone to its zone file.
+          This is not done immediately after
+          each dynamic update, because that would be too slow when a large
+          zone is updated frequently.  Instead, the dump is delayed by
+          up to 15 minutes, allowing additional updates to take place.
+        

+

+          When a server is restarted after a shutdown or crash, it will replay
+              the journal file to incorporate into the zone any updates that
+          took
+          place after the last zone dump.
+        

+

+          Changes that result from incoming incremental zone transfers are
+          also
+          journalled in a similar way.
+        

+

+          The zone files of dynamic zones cannot normally be edited by
+          hand because they are not guaranteed to contain the most recent
+          dynamic changes - those are only in the journal file.
+          The only way to ensure that the zone file of a dynamic zone
+          is up to date is to run rndc stop.
+        

+

+          If you have to make changes to a dynamic zone
+          manually, the following procedure will work: Disable dynamic updates
+              to the zone using
+          rndc freeze zone.
+          This will also remove the zone's .jnl file
+          and update the master file.  Edit the zone file.  Run
+          rndc unfreeze zone
+          to reload the changed zone and re-enable dynamic updates.
+        

+

+

+

+

+Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)

+

+        The incremental zone transfer (IXFR) protocol is a way for
+        slave servers to transfer only changed data, instead of having to
+        transfer the entire zone. The IXFR protocol is specified in RFC
+        1995. See Proposed Standards.
+      

+

+        When acting as a master, BIND 9
+        supports IXFR for those zones
+        where the necessary change history information is available. These
+        include master zones maintained by dynamic update and slave zones
+        whose data was obtained by IXFR.  For manually maintained master
+        zones, and for slave zones obtained by performing a full zone
+        transfer (AXFR), IXFR is supported only if the option
+        ixfr-from-differences is set
+        to yes.
+      

+

+        When acting as a slave, BIND 9 will
+        attempt to use IXFR unless
+        it is explicitly disabled. For more information about disabling
+        IXFR, see the description of the request-ixfr clause
+        of the server statement.
+      

+

+

+

+Split DNS

+

+        Setting up different views, or visibility, of the DNS space to
+        internal and external resolvers is usually referred to as a Split DNS setup. There are several reasons an organization
+        would want to set up its DNS this way.
+      

+

+        One common reason for setting up a DNS system this way is
+        to hide "internal" DNS information from "external" clients on the
+        Internet. There is some debate as to whether or not this is actually
+        useful.
+        Internal DNS information leaks out in many ways (via email headers,
+        for example) and most savvy "attackers" can find the information
+        they need using other means.
+      

+

+        Another common reason for setting up a Split DNS system is
+        to allow internal networks that are behind filters or in RFC 1918
+        space (reserved IP space, as documented in RFC 1918) to resolve DNS
+        on the Internet. Split DNS can also be used to allow mail from outside
+        back in to the internal network.
+      

+

+        Here is an example of a split DNS setup:
+      

+

+        Let's say a company named Example, Inc.
+        (example.com)
+        has several corporate sites that have an internal network with
+        reserved
+        Internet Protocol (IP) space and an external demilitarized zone (DMZ),
+        or "outside" section of a network, that is available to the public.
+      

+

+        Example, Inc. wants its internal clients
+        to be able to resolve external hostnames and to exchange mail with
+        people on the outside. The company also wants its internal resolvers
+        to have access to certain internal-only zones that are not available
+        at all outside of the internal network.
+      

+

+        In order to accomplish this, the company will set up two sets
+        of name servers. One set will be on the inside network (in the
+        reserved
+        IP space) and the other set will be on bastion hosts, which are
+        "proxy"
+        hosts that can talk to both sides of its network, in the DMZ.
+      

+

+        The internal servers will be configured to forward all queries,
+        except queries for site1.internal, site2.internal, site1.example.com,
+        and site2.example.com, to the servers
+        in the
+        DMZ. These internal servers will have complete sets of information
+        for site1.example.com, site2.example.com, site1.internal,
+        and site2.internal.
+      

+

+        To protect the site1.internal and site2.internal domains,
+        the internal name servers must be configured to disallow all queries
+        to these domains from any external hosts, including the bastion
+        hosts.
+      

+

+        The external servers, which are on the bastion hosts, will
+        be configured to serve the "public" version of the site1 and site2.example.com zones.
+        This could include things such as the host records for public servers
+        (www.example.com and ftp.example.com),
+        and mail exchange (MX)  records (a.mx.example.com and b.mx.example.com).
+      

+

+        In addition, the public site1 and site2.example.com zones
+        should have special MX records that contain wildcard (`*') records
+        pointing to the bastion hosts. This is needed because external mail
+        servers do not have any other way of looking up how to deliver mail
+        to those internal hosts. With the wildcard records, the mail will
+        be delivered to the bastion host, which can then forward it on to
+        internal hosts.
+      

+

+        Here's an example of a wildcard MX record:
+      

+
*   IN MX 10 external1.example.com.

+

+        Now that they accept mail on behalf of anything in the internal
+        network, the bastion hosts will need to know how to deliver mail
+        to internal hosts. In order for this to work properly, the resolvers
+        on
+        the bastion hosts will need to be configured to point to the internal
+        name servers for DNS resolution.
+      

+

+        Queries for internal hostnames will be answered by the internal
+        servers, and queries for external hostnames will be forwarded back
+        out to the DNS servers on the bastion hosts.
+      

+

+        In order for all this to work properly, internal clients will
+        need to be configured to query only the internal
+        name servers for DNS queries. This could also be enforced via
+        selective
+        filtering on the network.
+      

+

+        If everything has been set properly, Example, Inc.'s
+        internal clients will now be able to:
+      

+
    
+
  • 
+            Look up any hostnames in the site1
+            and
+            site2.example.com zones.
+          
    • 
+
  • 
+            Look up any hostnames in the site1.internal and
+            site2.internal domains.
+          
    • 
+
  • Look up any hostnames on the Internet.
    • 
+
  • Exchange mail with internal AND external people.
    • 
+

+

+        Hosts on the Internet will be able to:
+      

+
    
+
  • 
+            Look up any hostnames in the site1
+            and
+            site2.example.com zones.
+          
    • 
+
  • 
+            Exchange mail with anyone in the site1 and
+            site2.example.com zones.
+          
    • 
+

+

+        Here is an example configuration for the setup we just
+        described above. Note that this is only configuration information;
+        for information on how to configure your zone files, see the section called “Sample Configurations”
+      

+

+        Internal DNS server config:
+      

+
+
 acl internals { 172.16.72.0/24; 192.168.1.0/24; };
 
-acl externals { bastion-ips-go-here; };
+acl externals { bastion-ips-go-here; };
 
 options {
     ...
     ...
     forward only;
     forwarders {                                // forward to external servers
-        bastion-ips-go-here; 
+        bastion-ips-go-here; 
     };
     allow-transfer { none; };                   // sample allow-transfer (no one)
     allow-query { internals; externals; };      // restrict query access
@@ -659,12 +394,12 @@ zone "site2.internal" {
   allow-query { internals };
   allow-transfer { internals; }
 };
-
External (bastion host) DNS server config:

acl internals { 172.16.72.0/24; 192.168.1.0/24; };
+

+

+        External (bastion host) DNS server config:
+      

+
+acl internals { 172.16.72.0/24; 192.168.1.0/24; };
 
 acl externals { bastion-ips-go-here; };
 
@@ -691,915 +426,524 @@ zone "site2.example.com" {
   masters { another_bastion_host_maybe; };
   allow-transfer { internals; externals; }
 };
-
In the resolv.conf (or equivalent) on
-the bastion host(s):

search ...
+

+

+        In the resolv.conf (or equivalent) on
+        the bastion host(s):
+      

+
+search ...
 nameserver 172.16.72.2
 nameserver 172.16.72.3
 nameserver 172.16.72.4
-
4.5. TSIG
This is a short guide to setting up Transaction SIGnatures
-(TSIG) based transaction security in BIND. It describes changes
-to the configuration file as well as what changes are required for
-different features, including the process of creating transaction
-keys and using transaction signatures with BIND.
BIND primarily supports TSIG for server to server communication.
-This includes zone transfer, notify, and recursive query messages.
-Resolvers based on newer versions of BIND 8 have limited support
-for TSIG.
TSIG might be most useful for dynamic update. A primary
-    server for a dynamic zone should use access control to control
-    updates, but IP-based access control is insufficient.
-    The cryptographic access control provided by TSIG
-    is far superior. The nsupdate
-    program supports TSIG via the -k and
-    -y command line options.
4.5.1. Generate Shared Keys for Each Pair of Hosts
A shared secret is generated to be shared between host1 and host2.
-An arbitrary key name is chosen: "host1-host2.". The key name must
-be the same on both hosts.
4.5.1.1. Automatic Generation
The following command will generate a 128 bit (16 byte) HMAC-MD5
-key as described above. Longer keys are better, but shorter keys
-are easier to read. Note that the maximum key length is 512 bits;
-keys longer than that will be digested with MD5 to produce a 128
-bit key.
dnssec-keygen -a hmac-md5 -b 128 -n HOST host1-host2.
The key is in the file Khost1-host2.+157+00000.private.
-Nothing directly uses this file, but the base-64 encoded string
-following "Key:"
-can be extracted from the file and used as a shared secret:
Key: La/E5CjG9O+os1jq0a2jdA==
The string "La/E5CjG9O+os1jq0a2jdA==" can
-be used as the shared secret.
4.5.1.2. Manual Generation
The shared secret is simply a random sequence of bits, encoded
-in base-64. Most ASCII strings are valid base-64 strings (assuming
-the length is a multiple of 4 and only valid characters are used),
-so the shared secret can be manually generated.
Also, a known string can be run through mmencode or
-a similar program to generate base-64 encoded data.
4.5.2. Copying the Shared Secret to Both Machines
This is beyond the scope of DNS. A secure transport mechanism
-should be used. This could be secure FTP, ssh, telephone, etc.
4.5.3. Informing the Servers of the Key's Existence
Imagine host1 and host 2 are
-both servers. The following is added to each server's named.conf file:

key host1-host2. {
+

+

+

+

+TSIG

+

+        This is a short guide to setting up Transaction SIGnatures
+        (TSIG) based transaction security in BIND. It describes changes
+        to the configuration file as well as what changes are required for
+        different features, including the process of creating transaction
+        keys and using transaction signatures with BIND.
+      

+

+        BIND primarily supports TSIG for server
+        to server communication.
+        This includes zone transfer, notify, and recursive query messages.
+        Resolvers based on newer versions of BIND 8 have limited support
+        for TSIG.
+      

+

+        TSIG might be most useful for dynamic update. A primary
+        server for a dynamic zone should use access control to control
+        updates, but IP-based access control is insufficient.
+        The cryptographic access control provided by TSIG
+        is far superior. The nsupdate
+        program supports TSIG via the -k and
+        -y command line options.
+      

+

+

+Generate Shared Keys for Each Pair of Hosts

+

+          A shared secret is generated to be shared between host1 and host2.
+          An arbitrary key name is chosen: "host1-host2.". The key name must
+          be the same on both hosts.
+        

+

+

+Automatic Generation

+

+            The following command will generate a 128 bit (16 byte) HMAC-MD5
+            key as described above. Longer keys are better, but shorter keys
+            are easier to read. Note that the maximum key length is 512 bits;
+            keys longer than that will be digested with MD5 to produce a 128
+            bit key.
+          

+

+            dnssec-keygen -a hmac-md5 -b 128 -n HOST host1-host2.
+          

+

+            The key is in the file Khost1-host2.+157+00000.private.
+            Nothing directly uses this file, but the base-64 encoded string
+            following "Key:"
+            can be extracted from the file and used as a shared secret:
+          

+
Key: La/E5CjG9O+os1jq0a2jdA==

+

+            The string "La/E5CjG9O+os1jq0a2jdA==" can
+            be used as the shared secret.
+          

+

+

+

+Manual Generation

+

+            The shared secret is simply a random sequence of bits, encoded
+            in base-64. Most ASCII strings are valid base-64 strings (assuming
+            the length is a multiple of 4 and only valid characters are used),
+            so the shared secret can be manually generated.
+          

+

+            Also, a known string can be run through mmencode or
+            a similar program to generate base-64 encoded data.
+          

+

+

+

+

+Copying the Shared Secret to Both Machines

+

+          This is beyond the scope of DNS. A secure transport mechanism
+          should be used. This could be secure FTP, ssh, telephone, etc.
+        

+

+

+

+Informing the Servers of the Key's Existence

+

+          Imagine host1 and host 2
+          are
+          both servers. The following is added to each server's named.conf file:
+        

+
+key host1-host2. {
   algorithm hmac-md5;
   secret "La/E5CjG9O+os1jq0a2jdA==";
 };
-
The algorithm, hmac-md5, is the only one supported by BIND.
-The secret is the one generated above. Since this is a secret, it
-is recommended that either named.conf be non-world
-readable, or the key directive be added to a non-world readable
-file that is included by named.conf.
At this point, the key is recognized. This means that if the
-server receives a message signed by this key, it can verify the
-signature. If the signature is successfully verified, the
-response is signed by the same key.
4.5.4. Instructing the Server to Use the Key
Since keys are shared between two hosts only, the server must
-be told when keys are to be used. The following is added to the named.conf file
-for host1, if the IP address of host2 is
-10.1.2.3:

server 10.1.2.3 {
+

+

+          The algorithm, hmac-md5, is the only one supported by BIND.
+          The secret is the one generated above. Since this is a secret, it
+          is recommended that either named.conf be non-world
+          readable, or the key directive be added to a non-world readable
+          file that is included by
+          named.conf.
+        

+

+          At this point, the key is recognized. This means that if the
+          server receives a message signed by this key, it can verify the
+          signature. If the signature is successfully verified, the
+          response is signed by the same key.
+        

+

+

+

+Instructing the Server to Use the Key

+

+          Since keys are shared between two hosts only, the server must
+          be told when keys are to be used. The following is added to the named.conf file
+          for host1, if the IP address of host2 is
+          10.1.2.3:
+        

+
+server 10.1.2.3 {
   keys { host1-host2. ;};
 };
-
Multiple keys may be present, but only the first is used.
-This directive does not contain any secrets, so it may be in a world-readable
-file.
If host1 sends a message that is a request
-to that address, the message will be signed with the specified key. host1 will
-expect any responses to signed messages to be signed with the same
-key.
A similar statement must be present in host2's
-configuration file (with host1's address) for host2 to
-sign request messages to host1.
4.5.5. TSIG Key Based Access Control
BIND allows IP addresses and ranges to be specified in ACL
-definitions and
-allow-{ query | transfer | update } directives.
-This has been extended to allow TSIG keys also. The above key would
-be denoted key host1-host2.
An example of an allow-update directive would be:

allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
-
This allows dynamic updates to succeed only if the request
-      was signed by a key named
-      "host1-host2.".
You may want to read about the more
-      powerful update-policy statement in Section 6.2.24.4.
4.5.6. Errors
The processing of TSIG signed messages can result in
-      several errors. If a signed message is sent to a non-TSIG aware
-      server, a FORMERR will be returned, since the server will not
-      understand the record. This is a result of misconfiguration,
-      since the server must be explicitly configured to send a TSIG
-      signed message to a specific server.
If a TSIG aware server receives a message signed by an
-      unknown key, the response will be unsigned with the TSIG
-      extended error code set to BADKEY. If a TSIG aware server
-      receives a message with a signature that does not validate, the
-      response will be unsigned with the TSIG extended error code set
-      to BADSIG. If a TSIG aware server receives a message with a time
-      outside of the allowed range, the response will be signed with
-      the TSIG extended error code set to BADTIME, and the time values
-      will be adjusted so that the response can be successfully
-      verified. In any of these cases, the message's rcode is set to
-      NOTAUTH.
4.6. TKEY
TKEY is a mechanism for automatically
-    generating a shared secret between two hosts.  There are several
-    "modes" of TKEY that specify how the key is
-    generated or assigned.  BIND 9
-    implements only one of these modes,
-    the Diffie-Hellman key exchange.  Both hosts are required to have
-    a Diffie-Hellman KEY record (although this record is not required
-    to be present in a zone).  The TKEY process
-    must use signed messages, signed either by TSIG or SIG(0).  The
-    result of TKEY is a shared secret that can be
-    used to sign messages with TSIG.  TKEY can also
-    be used to delete shared secrets that it had previously
-    generated.
The TKEY process is initiated by a client
-    or server by sending a signed TKEY query
-    (including any appropriate KEYs) to a TKEY-aware server.  The
-    server response, if it indicates success, will contain a
-    TKEY record and any appropriate keys.  After
-    this exchange, both participants have enough information to
-    determine the shared secret; the exact process depends on the
-    TKEY mode.  When using the Diffie-Hellman
-    TKEY mode, Diffie-Hellman keys are exchanged,
-    and the shared secret is derived by both participants.
4.7. SIG(0)
BIND 9 partially supports DNSSEC SIG(0)
-    transaction signatures as specified in RFC 2535 and RFC2931.  SIG(0)
-    uses public/private keys to authenticate messages.  Access control
-    is performed in the same manner as TSIG keys; privileges can be
-    granted or denied based on the key name.
When a SIG(0) signed message is received, it will only be
-    verified if the key is known and trusted by the server; the server
-    will not attempt to locate and/or validate the key.
SIG(0) signing of multiple-message TCP streams is not
-    supported.
The only tool shipped with BIND 9 that
-    generates SIG(0) signed messages is nsupdate.
4.8. DNSSEC
Cryptographic authentication of DNS information is possible
-    through the DNS Security (DNSSEC-bis) extensions,
-    defined in RFC <TBA>. This section describes the creation and use
-    of DNSSEC signed zones.
In order to set up a DNSSEC secure zone, there are a series
-    of steps which must be followed.  BIND 9 ships
-    with several tools
-    that are used in this process, which are explained in more detail
-    below.  In all cases, the -h option prints a
-    full list of parameters.  Note that the DNSSEC tools require the
-    keyset files to be in the working directory or the
-    directory specified by the -h option, and
-    that the tools shipped with BIND 9.2.x and earlier are not compatible
-    with the current ones.
There must also be communication with the administrators of
-    the parent and/or child zone to transmit keys.  A zone's security
-    status must be indicated by the parent zone for a DNSSEC capable 
-    resolver to trust its data.  This is done through the presense
-    or absence of a DS record at the delegation
-    point.
For other servers to trust data in this zone, they must
-    either be statically configured with this zone's zone key or the
-    zone key of another zone above this one in the DNS tree.
4.8.1. Generating Keys
The dnssec-keygen program is used to
-      generate keys.
A secure zone must contain one or more zone keys.  The
-      zone keys will sign all other records in the zone, as well as
-      the zone keys of any secure delegated zones.  Zone keys must
-      have the same name as the zone, a name type of
-      ZONE, and must be usable for authentication.
-      It is recommended that zone keys use a cryptographic algorithm
-      designated as "mandatory to implement" by the IETF; currently
-      the only one is RSASHA1.
The following command will generate a 768 bit RSASHA1 key for
-      the child.example zone:
dnssec-keygen -a RSASHA1 -b 768 -n ZONE child.example.
Two output files will be produced:
-      Kchild.example.+005+12345.key and
-      Kchild.example.+005+12345.private (where
-      12345 is an example of a key tag).  The key file names contain
-      the key name (child.example.), algorithm (3
-      is DSA, 1 is RSAMD5, 5 is RSASHA1, etc.), and the key tag (12345 in this case).
-      The private key (in the .private file) is
-      used to generate signatures, and the public key (in the
-      .key file) is used for signature
-      verification.
To generate another key with the same properties (but with
-      a different key tag), repeat the above command.
The public keys should be inserted into the zone file by
-      including the .key files using
-      $INCLUDE statements.
-      
4.8.2. Signing the Zone
The dnssec-signzone program is used to
-      sign a zone.
Any keyset files corresponding
-      to secure subzones should be present.  The zone signer will
-      generate NSEC and RRSIG
-      records for the zone, as well as DS for
-      the child zones if '-d' is specified.
-      If '-d' is not specified then DS RRsets for
-      the secure child zones need to be added manually.
The following command signs the zone, assuming it is in a
-      file called zone.child.example.  By
-      default, all zone keys which have an available private key are
-      used to generate signatures.
dnssec-signzone -o child.example zone.child.example
One output file is produced:
-      zone.child.example.signed.  This file
-      should be referenced by named.conf as the
-      input file for the zone.
dnssec-signzone will also produce a
-      keyset and dsset files and optionally a dlvset file.  These
-      are used to provide the parent zone administators with the
-      DNSKEYs (or their corresponding DS
-      records) that are the secure entry point to the zone.
4.8.3. Configuring Servers
Unlike BIND 8, 
-BIND 9 does not verify signatures on load,
-so zone keys for authoritative zones do not need to be specified
-in the configuration file.
The public key for any security root must be present in
-the configuration file's trusted-keys
-statement, as described later in this document. 
4.9. IPv6 Support in BIND 9
BIND 9 fully supports all currently defined forms of IPv6
-    name to address and address to name lookups.  It will also use
-    IPv6 addresses to make queries when running on an IPv6 capable
-    system.
For forward lookups, BIND 9 supports only AAAA
-    records.  The use of A6 records is deprecated by RFC 3363, and the
-    support for forward lookups in BIND 9 is
-    removed accordingly.
-    However, authoritative BIND 9 name servers still
-    load zone files containing A6 records correctly, answer queries
-    for A6 records, and accept zone transfer for a zone containing A6
-    records.
For IPv6 reverse lookups, BIND 9 supports
-    the traditional "nibble" format used in the
-    ip6.arpa domain, as well as the older, deprecated
-    ip6.int domain.
-    BIND 9 formerly
-    supported the "binary label" (also known as "bitstring") format.
-    The support of binary labels, however, is now completely removed
-    according to the changes in RFC 3363.
-    Any applications in BIND 9 do not understand
-    the format any more, and will return an error if given.
-    In particular, an authoritative BIND 9 name
-    server rejects to load a zone file containing binary labels.
For an overview of the format and structure of IPv6 addresses,
-    see Section A.2.1.
4.9.1. Address Lookups Using AAAA Records
The AAAA record is a parallel to the IPv4 A record.  It
-      specifies the entire address in a single record.  For
-      example,

$ORIGIN example.com.
+

+

+          Multiple keys may be present, but only the first is used.
+          This directive does not contain any secrets, so it may be in a
+          world-readable
+          file.
+        

+

+          If host1 sends a message that is a request
+          to that address, the message will be signed with the specified key. host1 will
+          expect any responses to signed messages to be signed with the same
+          key.
+        

+

+          A similar statement must be present in host2's
+          configuration file (with host1's address) for host2 to
+          sign request messages to host1.
+        

+

+

+

+TSIG Key Based Access Control

+

+          BIND allows IP addresses and ranges
+          to be specified in ACL
+          definitions and
+          allow-{ query | transfer | update }
+          directives.
+          This has been extended to allow TSIG keys also. The above key would
+          be denoted key host1-host2.
+        

+

+          An example of an allow-update directive would be:
+        

+
+allow-update { key host1-host2. ;};
+

+

+          This allows dynamic updates to succeed only if the request
+          was signed by a key named
+          "host1-host2.".
+        

+

+          You may want to read about the more
+          powerful update-policy statement in the section called “Dynamic Update Policies”.
+        

+

+

+

+Errors

+

+          The processing of TSIG signed messages can result in
+          several errors. If a signed message is sent to a non-TSIG aware
+          server, a FORMERR will be returned, since the server will not
+          understand the record. This is a result of misconfiguration,
+          since the server must be explicitly configured to send a TSIG
+          signed message to a specific server.
+        

+

+          If a TSIG aware server receives a message signed by an
+          unknown key, the response will be unsigned with the TSIG
+          extended error code set to BADKEY. If a TSIG aware server
+          receives a message with a signature that does not validate, the
+          response will be unsigned with the TSIG extended error code set
+          to BADSIG. If a TSIG aware server receives a message with a time
+          outside of the allowed range, the response will be signed with
+          the TSIG extended error code set to BADTIME, and the time values
+          will be adjusted so that the response can be successfully
+          verified. In any of these cases, the message's rcode is set to
+          NOTAUTH.
+        

+

+

+

+

+TKEY

+
TKEY
+        is a mechanism for automatically generating a shared secret
+        between two hosts.  There are several "modes" of
+        TKEY that specify how the key is generated
+        or assigned.  BIND 9 implements only one of
+        these modes, the Diffie-Hellman key exchange.  Both hosts are
+        required to have a Diffie-Hellman KEY record (although this
+        record is not required to be present in a zone).  The
+        TKEY process must use signed messages,
+        signed either by TSIG or SIG(0).  The result of
+        TKEY is a shared secret that can be used to
+        sign messages with TSIG.  TKEY can also be
+        used to delete shared secrets that it had previously
+        generated.
+      

+

+        The TKEY process is initiated by a
+        client
+        or server by sending a signed TKEY
+        query
+        (including any appropriate KEYs) to a TKEY-aware server.  The
+        server response, if it indicates success, will contain a
+        TKEY record and any appropriate keys.
+        After
+        this exchange, both participants have enough information to
+        determine the shared secret; the exact process depends on the
+        TKEY mode.  When using the
+        Diffie-Hellman
+        TKEY mode, Diffie-Hellman keys are
+        exchanged,
+        and the shared secret is derived by both participants.
+      

+

+

+

+SIG(0)

+

+        BIND 9 partially supports DNSSEC SIG(0)
+            transaction signatures as specified in RFC 2535 and RFC2931.
+        SIG(0)
+        uses public/private keys to authenticate messages.  Access control
+        is performed in the same manner as TSIG keys; privileges can be
+        granted or denied based on the key name.
+      

+

+        When a SIG(0) signed message is received, it will only be
+        verified if the key is known and trusted by the server; the server
+        will not attempt to locate and/or validate the key.
+      

+

+        SIG(0) signing of multiple-message TCP streams is not
+        supported.
+      

+

+        The only tool shipped with BIND 9 that
+        generates SIG(0) signed messages is nsupdate.
+      

+

+

+

+DNSSEC

+

+        Cryptographic authentication of DNS information is possible
+        through the DNS Security (DNSSEC-bis) extensions,
+            defined in RFC <TBA>. This section describes the creation
+        and use
+        of DNSSEC signed zones.
+      

+

+        In order to set up a DNSSEC secure zone, there are a series
+        of steps which must be followed.  BIND
+        9 ships
+        with several tools
+        that are used in this process, which are explained in more detail
+        below.  In all cases, the -h option prints a
+        full list of parameters.  Note that the DNSSEC tools require the
+        keyset files to be in the working directory or the
+        directory specified by the -h option, and
+        that the tools shipped with BIND 9.2.x and earlier are not compatible
+        with the current ones.
+      

+

+        There must also be communication with the administrators of
+        the parent and/or child zone to transmit keys.  A zone's security
+        status must be indicated by the parent zone for a DNSSEC capable
+        resolver to trust its data.  This is done through the presense
+        or absence of a DS record at the
+        delegation
+        point.
+      

+

+        For other servers to trust data in this zone, they must
+        either be statically configured with this zone's zone key or the
+        zone key of another zone above this one in the DNS tree.
+      

+

+

+Generating Keys

+

+          The dnssec-keygen program is used to
+          generate keys.
+        

+

+          A secure zone must contain one or more zone keys.  The
+          zone keys will sign all other records in the zone, as well as
+          the zone keys of any secure delegated zones.  Zone keys must
+          have the same name as the zone, a name type of
+          ZONE, and must be usable for
+          authentication.
+          It is recommended that zone keys use a cryptographic algorithm
+          designated as "mandatory to implement" by the IETF; currently
+          the only one is RSASHA1.
+        

+

+          The following command will generate a 768 bit RSASHA1 key for
+          the child.example zone:
+        

+

+          dnssec-keygen -a RSASHA1 -b 768 -n ZONE child.example.
+        

+

+          Two output files will be produced:
+          Kchild.example.+005+12345.key and
+          Kchild.example.+005+12345.private
+          (where
+          12345 is an example of a key tag).  The key file names contain
+          the key name (child.example.),
+          algorithm (3
+          is DSA, 1 is RSAMD5, 5 is RSASHA1, etc.), and the key tag (12345 in
+          this case).
+          The private key (in the .private
+          file) is
+          used to generate signatures, and the public key (in the
+          .key file) is used for signature
+          verification.
+        

+

+          To generate another key with the same properties (but with
+          a different key tag), repeat the above command.
+        

+

+          The public keys should be inserted into the zone file by
+          including the .key files using
+          $INCLUDE statements.
+        

+

+

+

+Signing the Zone

+

+          The dnssec-signzone program is used
+          to
+          sign a zone.
+        

+

+          Any keyset files corresponding
+          to secure subzones should be present.  The zone signer will
+          generate NSEC and RRSIG
+          records for the zone, as well as DS
+          for
+          the child zones if '-d' is specified.
+                If '-d' is not specified then
+          DS RRsets for
+          the secure child zones need to be added manually.
+        

+

+          The following command signs the zone, assuming it is in a
+          file called zone.child.example.  By
+                default, all zone keys which have an available private key are
+                used to generate signatures.
+        

+

+          dnssec-signzone -o child.example zone.child.example
+        

+

+          One output file is produced:
+          zone.child.example.signed.  This
+          file
+          should be referenced by named.conf
+          as the
+          input file for the zone.
+        

+
dnssec-signzone
+	  will also produce a keyset and dsset files and optionally a
+          dlvset file.  These are used to provide the parent zone
+          administators with the DNSKEYs (or their
+          corresponding DS records) that are the
+          secure entry point to the zone.
+        

+

+

+

+Configuring Servers

+

+          Unlike BIND 8,
+          BIND 9 does not verify signatures on
+          load,
+          so zone keys for authoritative zones do not need to be specified
+          in the configuration file.
+        

+

+          The public key for any security root must be present in
+          the configuration file's trusted-keys
+          statement, as described later in this document.
+        

+

+

+

+

+IPv6 Support in BIND 9

+

+        BIND 9 fully supports all currently
+        defined forms of IPv6
+        name to address and address to name lookups.  It will also use
+        IPv6 addresses to make queries when running on an IPv6 capable
+        system.
+      

+

+        For forward lookups, BIND 9 supports
+        only AAAA
+        records.  The use of A6 records is deprecated by RFC 3363, and the
+        support for forward lookups in BIND 9
+        is
+        removed accordingly.
+        However, authoritative BIND 9 name
+        servers still
+        load zone files containing A6 records correctly, answer queries
+        for A6 records, and accept zone transfer for a zone containing A6
+        records.
+      

+

+        For IPv6 reverse lookups, BIND 9
+        supports
+        the traditional "nibble" format used in the
+        ip6.arpa domain, as well as the older, deprecated
+            ip6.int domain.
+        BIND 9 formerly
+        supported the "binary label" (also known as "bitstring") format.
+        The support of binary labels, however, is now completely removed
+        according to the changes in RFC 3363.
+        Any applications in BIND 9 do not
+        understand
+        the format any more, and will return an error if given.
+        In particular, an authoritative BIND 9
+        name
+        server rejects to load a zone file containing binary labels.
+      

+

+        For an overview of the format and structure of IPv6 addresses,
+        see the section called “IPv6 addresses (AAAA)”.
+      

+

+

+Address Lookups Using AAAA Records

+

+          The AAAA record is a parallel to the IPv4 A record.  It
+          specifies the entire address in a single record.  For
+          example,
+        

+
+$ORIGIN example.com.
 host            3600    IN      AAAA    2001:db8::1
-
It is recommended that IPv4-in-IPv6 mapped addresses not
-        be used.  If a host has an IPv4 address, use an A record, not
-        a AAAA, with ::ffff:192.168.42.1 as the
-        address.
4.9.2. Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format
When looking up an address in nibble format, the address
-      components are simply reversed, just as in IPv4, and
-      ip6.arpa. is appended to the resulting name.
-      For example, the following would provide reverse name lookup for
-      a host with address
-      2001:db8::1.

$ORIGIN 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.
+

+

+          It is recommended that IPv4-in-IPv6 mapped addresses not
+          be used.  If a host has an IPv4 address, use an A record, not
+          a AAAA, with ::ffff:192.168.42.1 as
+          the
+          address.
+        

+

+

+

+Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format

+

+          When looking up an address in nibble format, the address
+          components are simply reversed, just as in IPv4, and
+          ip6.arpa. is appended to the
+          resulting name.
+          For example, the following would provide reverse name lookup for
+          a host with address
+          2001:db8::1.
+        

+
+$ORIGIN 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.
 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0   14400 IN      PTR     host.example.com.
-
PrevHomeNext
Name Server Configuration The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver

\ No newline at end of file
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+Prev   Next +
Chapter 3. Name Server Configuration Home Chapter 5. The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver
+
+ + diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html index 164fbbf05a..0a321e3942 100644 --- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html +++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch05.html @@ -1,265 +1,142 @@ - -The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual
PrevNext

Chapter 5. The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver

5.1. The Lightweight Resolver Library

Traditionally applications have been linked with a stub resolver -library that sends recursive DNS queries to a local caching name -server.

IPv6 once introduced new complexity into the resolution process, -such as following A6 chains and DNAME records, and simultaneous -lookup of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. Though most of the complexity was -then removed, these are hard or impossible -to implement in a traditional stub resolver.

Instead, BIND 9 provides resolution services to local clients -using a combination of a lightweight resolver library and a resolver -daemon process running on the local host. These communicate using -a simple UDP-based protocol, the "lightweight resolver protocol" -that is distinct from and simpler than the full DNS protocol.

5.2. Running a Resolver Daemon

To use the lightweight resolver interface, the system must -run the resolver daemon lwresd or a local -name server configured with a lwres statement.

By default, applications using the lightweight resolver library will make -UDP requests to the IPv4 loopback address (127.0.0.1) on port 921. The -address can be overridden by lwserver lines in -/etc/resolv.conf.

The daemon currently only looks in the DNS, but in the future -it may use other sources such as /etc/hosts, -NIS, etc.

The lwresd daemon is essentially a -caching-only name server that responds to requests using the lightweight -resolver protocol rather than the DNS protocol. Because it needs -to run on each host, it is designed to require no or minimal configuration. -Unless configured otherwise, it uses the name servers listed on -nameserver lines in /etc/resolv.conf -as forwarders, but is also capable of doing the resolution autonomously if -none are specified.

The lwresd daemon may also be configured with a -named.conf style configuration file, in -/etc/lwresd.conf by default. A name server may also -be configured to act as a lightweight resolver daemon using the -lwres statement in named.conf.

PrevHomeNext
Advanced DNS Features BIND 9 Configuration Reference
\ No newline at end of file + + + + +Chapter 5. The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
Chapter 5. The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver
+Prev   Next +
+
+
+
+

+Chapter 5. The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver

+
+

Table of Contents

+
+
The Lightweight Resolver Library
+
Running a Resolver Daemon
+
+
+
+

+The Lightweight Resolver Library

+

+ Traditionally applications have been linked with a stub resolver + library that sends recursive DNS queries to a local caching name + server. +

+

+ IPv6 once introduced new complexity into the resolution process, + such as following A6 chains and DNAME records, and simultaneous + lookup of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. Though most of the complexity was + then removed, these are hard or impossible + to implement in a traditional stub resolver. +

+

+ Instead, BIND 9 provides resolution + services to local clients + using a combination of a lightweight resolver library and a resolver + daemon process running on the local host. These communicate using + a simple UDP-based protocol, the "lightweight resolver protocol" + that is distinct from and simpler than the full DNS protocol. +

+
+
+

+Running a Resolver Daemon

+

+ To use the lightweight resolver interface, the system must + run the resolver daemon lwresd or a + local + name server configured with a lwres + statement. +

+

+ By default, applications using the lightweight resolver library will + make + UDP requests to the IPv4 loopback address (127.0.0.1) on port 921. + The + address can be overridden by lwserver + lines in + /etc/resolv.conf. +

+

+ The daemon currently only looks in the DNS, but in the future + it may use other sources such as /etc/hosts, + NIS, etc. +

+

+ The lwresd daemon is essentially a + caching-only name server that responds to requests using the + lightweight + resolver protocol rather than the DNS protocol. Because it needs + to run on each host, it is designed to require no or minimal + configuration. + Unless configured otherwise, it uses the name servers listed on + nameserver lines in /etc/resolv.conf + as forwarders, but is also capable of doing the resolution + autonomously if + none are specified. +

+

+ The lwresd daemon may also be + configured with a + named.conf style configuration file, + in + /etc/lwresd.conf by default. A name + server may also + be configured to act as a lightweight resolver daemon using the + lwres statement in named.conf. +

+
+
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+Prev   Next +
Chapter 4. Advanced DNS Features Home Chapter 6. BIND 9 Configuration Reference
+
+ + diff --git a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html index 082f7fffae..94929dfdbf 100644 --- a/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html +++ b/doc/arm/Bv9ARM.ch06.html @@ -1,2372 +1,1297 @@ - -BIND 9 Configuration Reference
BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual
PrevNext

Chapter 6. BIND 9 Configuration Reference

BIND 9 configuration is broadly similar -to BIND 8; however, there are a few new areas -of configuration, such as views. BIND -8 configuration files should work with few alterations in BIND -9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check -if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features -found in BIND 9.

BIND 4 configuration files can be converted to the new format -using the shell script -contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh.

6.1. Configuration File Elements

Following is a list of elements used throughout the BIND configuration -file documentation:

acl_name

The name of an address_match_list as -defined by the acl statement.

address_match_list

A list of one or more ip_addr, -ip_prefix, key_id, -or acl_name elements, see -Section 6.1.1.

domain_name

A quoted string which will be used as -a DNS name, for example "my.test.domain".

dotted_decimal

One to four integers valued 0 through -255 separated by dots (`.'), such as 123, -45.67 or 89.123.45.67.

ip4_addr

An IPv4 address with exactly four elements -in dotted_decimal notation.

ip6_addr

An IPv6 address, such as 2001:db8::1234. -IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their scope zones must be -disambiguated by an appropriate zone ID with the percent character -(`%') as delimiter. -It is strongly recommended to use string zone names rather than -numeric identifiers, in order to be robust against system -configuration changes. -However, since there is no standard mapping for such names and -identifier values, currently only interface names as link identifiers -are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between interfaces and links. -For example, a link-local address fe80::1 on the -link attached to the interface ne0 -can be specified as fe80::1%ne0. -Note that on most systems link-local addresses always have the -ambiguity, and need to be disambiguated.

ip_addr

An ip4_addr or ip6_addr.

ip_port

An IP port number. -number is limited to 0 through 65535, with values -below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running as root. -In some cases an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a placeholder to -select a random high-numbered port.

ip_prefix

An IP network specified as an ip_addr, -followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the netmask. -Trailing zeros in a ip_addr may omitted. -For example, 127/8 is the network 127.0.0.0 with -netmask 255.0.0.0 and 1.2.3.0/28 is -network 1.2.3.0 with netmask 255.255.255.240.

key_id

A domain_name representing -the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction security.

key_list

A list of one or more key_ids, -separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.

number

A non-negative 32 bit integer -(i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive). -Its acceptable value might further -be limited by the context in which it is used.

path_name

A quoted string which will be used as -a pathname, such as zones/master/my.test.domain.

size_spec

A number, the word unlimited, -or the word default.

An unlimited size_spec requests unlimited -use, or the maximum available amount. A default size_spec uses -the limit that was in force when the server was started.

A number can -optionally be followed by a scaling factor: K or k for -kilobytes, M or m for -megabytes, and G or g for gigabytes, -which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and 1024*1024*1024 respectively.

-

The value must be representable as a 64-bit unsigned integer -(0 to 18446744073709551615, inclusive). -Using unlimited is the best way -to safely set a really large number.

yes_or_no

Either yes or no. -The words true and false are -also accepted, as are the numbers 1 and 0.

dialup_option

One of yes, -no, notify, -notify-passive, refresh or -passive. -When used in a zone, notify-passive, -refresh, and passive -are restricted to slave and stub zones.

6.1.1. Address Match Lists

6.1.1.1. Syntax

address_match_list = address_match_list_element ;
-  [ address_match_list_element; ... ]
-address_match_list_element = [ ! ] (ip_address [/length] |
+
+
+
+
+Chapter 6. BIND 9 Configuration Reference
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Chapter 6. BIND 9 Configuration Reference

+Prev   Next
+

+

+

+

+

+Chapter 6. BIND 9 Configuration Reference

+

+
Table of Contents

+

+
Configuration File Elements

+

+
Address Match Lists

+
Comment Syntax

+

+
Configuration File Grammar

+

+
acl Statement Grammar

+
acl Statement Definition and
+          Usage

+
controls Statement Grammar

+
controls Statement Definition and
+          Usage

+
include Statement Grammar

+
include Statement Definition and
+          Usage

+
key Statement Grammar

+
key Statement Definition and Usage

+
logging Statement Grammar

+
logging Statement Definition and
+          Usage

+
lwres Statement Grammar

+
lwres Statement Definition and Usage

+
masters Statement Grammar

+
masters Statement Definition and
+          Usage

+
options Statement Grammar

+
options Statement Definition and
+          Usage

+
server Statement Grammar

+
server Statement Definition and
+            Usage

+
trusted-keys Statement Grammar

+
trusted-keys Statement Definition
+            and Usage

+
view Statement Grammar

+
view Statement Definition and Usage

+
zone
+            Statement Grammar

+
zone Statement Definition and Usage

+

+
Zone File

+

+
Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them

+
Discussion of MX Records

+
Setting TTLs

+
Inverse Mapping in IPv4

+
Other Zone File Directives

+
BIND Master File Extension: the  $GENERATE Directive

+

+

+

+

+      BIND 9 configuration is broadly similar
+      to BIND 8; however, there are a few new
+      areas
+      of configuration, such as views. BIND
+      8 configuration files should work with few alterations in BIND
+      9, although more complex configurations should be reviewed to check
+      if they can be more efficiently implemented using the new features
+      found in BIND 9.
+    

+

+      BIND 4 configuration files can be
+      converted to the new format
+      using the shell script
+      contrib/named-bootconf/named-bootconf.sh.
+    

+

+

+Configuration File Elements

+

+        Following is a list of elements used throughout the BIND configuration
+        file documentation:
+      

+

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+                

+                  acl_name
+                

+              		
+                

+                  The name of an address_match_list as
+                  defined by the acl statement.
+                

+              

+                

+                  address_match_list
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A list of one or more
+                  ip_addr,
+                  ip_prefix, key_id,
+                  or acl_name elements, see
+                  the section called “Address Match Lists”.
+                

+              

+                

+                  domain_name
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A quoted string which will be used as
+                  a DNS name, for example "my.test.domain".
+                

+              

+                

+                  dotted_decimal
+                

+              		
+                

+                  One to four integers valued 0 through
+                  255 separated by dots (`.'), such as 123,
+                  45.67 or 89.123.45.67.
+                

+              

+                

+                  ip4_addr
+                

+              		
+                

+                  An IPv4 address with exactly four elements
+                  in dotted_decimal notation.
+                

+              

+                

+                  ip6_addr
+                

+              		
+                

+                  An IPv6 address, such as 2001:db8::1234.
+                  IPv6 scoped addresses that have ambiguity on their scope
+                  zones must be
+                  disambiguated by an appropriate zone ID with the percent
+                  character
+                  (`%') as delimiter.
+                  It is strongly recommended to use string zone names rather
+                  than
+                  numeric identifiers, in order to be robust against system
+                  configuration changes.
+                  However, since there is no standard mapping for such names
+                  and
+                  identifier values, currently only interface names as link
+                  identifiers
+                  are supported, assuming one-to-one mapping between
+                  interfaces and links.
+                  For example, a link-local address fe80::1 on the
+                  link attached to the interface ne0
+                  can be specified as fe80::1%ne0.
+                  Note that on most systems link-local addresses always have
+                  the
+                  ambiguity, and need to be disambiguated.
+                

+              

+                

+                  ip_addr
+                

+              		
+                

+                  An ip4_addr or ip6_addr.
+                

+              

+                

+                  ip_port
+                

+              		
+                

+                  An IP port number.
+                  number is limited to 0
+                  through 65535, with values
+                  below 1024 typically restricted to use by processes running
+                  as root.
+                  In some cases an asterisk (`*') character can be used as a
+                  placeholder to
+                  select a random high-numbered port.
+                

+              

+                

+                  ip_prefix
+                

+              		
+                

+                  An IP network specified as an ip_addr,
+                  followed by a slash (`/') and then the number of bits in the
+                  netmask.
+                  Trailing zeros in a ip_addr
+                  may omitted.
+                  For example, 127/8 is the
+                  network 127.0.0.0 with
+                  netmask 255.0.0.0 and 1.2.3.0/28 is
+                  network 1.2.3.0 with netmask 255.255.255.240.
+                

+              

+                

+                  key_id
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A domain_name representing
+                  the name of a shared key, to be used for transaction
+                  security.
+                

+              

+                

+                  key_list
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A list of one or more
+                  key_ids,
+                  separated by semicolons and ending with a semicolon.
+                

+              

+                

+                  number
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A non-negative 32 bit integer
+                  (i.e., a number between 0 and 4294967295, inclusive).
+                  Its acceptable value might further
+                  be limited by the context in which it is used.
+                

+              

+                

+                  path_name
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A quoted string which will be used as
+                  a pathname, such as zones/master/my.test.domain.
+                

+              

+                

+                  size_spec
+                

+              		
+                

+                  A number, the word unlimited,
+                  or the word default.
+                

+		

+                  An unlimited size_spec requests unlimited
+                  use, or the maximum available amount. A default size_spec uses
+                  the limit that was in force when the server was started.
+                

+                

+                  A number can optionally be
+		  followed by a scaling factor:
+		  K or k
+		  for kilobytes,
+		  M or m
+		  for megabytes, and
+		  G or g for gigabytes,
+                  which scale by 1024, 1024*1024, and 1024*1024*1024
+                  respectively.
+                

+                

+                  The value must be representable as a 64-bit unsigned integer
+                  (0 to 18446744073709551615, inclusive).
+                  Using unlimited is the best
+                  way
+                  to safely set a really large number.
+                

+              

+                

+                  yes_or_no
+                

+              		
+                

+                  Either yes or no.
+                  The words true and false are
+                  also accepted, as are the numbers 1
+                  and 0.
+                

+              

+                

+                  dialup_option
+                

+              		
+                

+                  One of yes,
+                  no, notify,
+                  notify-passive, refresh or
+                  passive.
+                  When used in a zone, notify-passive,
+                  refresh, and passive
+                  are restricted to slave and stub zones.
+                

+              

+

+

+Address Match Lists

+

+

+Syntax

+
address_match_list = address_match_list_element ;
+  [ address_match_list_element; ... ]
+address_match_list_element = [ ! ] (ip_address [/length] |
    key key_id | acl_name | { address_match_list } )
-
6.1.1.2. Definition and Usage
Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
-control for various server operations. They are also used in
-the listen-on and sortlist
-statements. The elements
-which constitute an address match list can be any of the following:
  • an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6)
  • an IP prefix (in `/' notation)
  • a key ID, as defined by the key statement
  • the name of an address match list defined with
-the acl statement
  • a nested address match list enclosed in braces
Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
-and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and "localnets"
-are predefined. More information on those names can be found in
-the description of the acl statement.
The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
-element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
-to validate access without regard to a host or network address. Nonetheless,
-the term "address match list" is still used throughout the documentation.
When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
-match list, the list is traversed in order until an element matches.
-The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being used
-for access control, defining listen-on ports, or in a sortlist,
-and whether the element was negated.
When used as an access control list, a non-negated match allows
-access and a negated match denies access. If there is no match,
-access is denied. The clauses allow-notify,
-allow-query, allow-query-cache,
-allow-transfer,
-allow-update, allow-update-forwarding,
-and blackhole all use address match lists.
-Similarly, the listen-on option will cause the server to not accept
-queries on any of the machine's addresses which do not match the
-list.
Because of the first-match aspect of the algorithm, an element
-that defines a subset of another element in the list should come
-before the broader element, regardless of whether either is negated. For
-example, in
-1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13; the 1.2.3.13 element is
-completely useless because the algorithm will match any lookup for
-1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24 element.
-Using ! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24 fixes
-that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation but all
-other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
6.1.2. Comment Syntax
The BIND 9 comment syntax allows for comments to appear
-anywhere that white space may appear in a BIND configuration
-file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
-in the C, C++, or shell/perl style.
6.1.2.1. Syntax
/* This is a BIND comment as in C */

-
// This is a BIND comment as in C++

-
# This is a BIND comment as in common UNIX shells and perl

-      
6.1.2.2. Definition and Usage
Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
-a BIND configuration file.
C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
-star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
-delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
-a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
-is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
/* This is the start of a comment.
+

+

+

+

+Definition and Usage

+

+            Address match lists are primarily used to determine access
+            control for various server operations. They are also used in
+            the listen-on and sortlist
+            statements. The elements
+            which constitute an address match list can be any of the
+            following:
+          

+
    
+
  • an IP address (IPv4 or IPv6)
    • 
+
  • an IP prefix (in `/' notation)
    • 
+
  • 
+                a key ID, as defined by the key
+                statement
+              
    • 
+
  • the name of an address match list defined with
+                the acl statement
+              
    • 
+
  • a nested address match list enclosed in braces
    • 
+

+

+            Elements can be negated with a leading exclamation mark (`!'),
+            and the match list names "any", "none", "localhost", and
+            "localnets"
+            are predefined. More information on those names can be found in
+            the description of the acl statement.
+          

+

+            The addition of the key clause made the name of this syntactic
+            element something of a misnomer, since security keys can be used
+            to validate access without regard to a host or network address.
+            Nonetheless,
+            the term "address match list" is still used throughout the
+            documentation.
+          

+

+            When a given IP address or prefix is compared to an address
+            match list, the list is traversed in order until an element
+            matches.
+            The interpretation of a match depends on whether the list is being
+            used
+            for access control, defining listen-on ports, or in a sortlist,
+            and whether the element was negated.
+          

+

+            When used as an access control list, a non-negated match allows
+            access and a negated match denies access. If there is no match,
+            access is denied. The clauses allow-notify,
+            allow-query, allow-query-cache,
+            allow-transfer,
+            allow-update, allow-update-forwarding,
+            and blackhole all use address match
+            lists.
+            Similarly, the listen-on option will cause the server to not
+            accept
+            queries on any of the machine's addresses which do not match the
+            list.
+          

+

+            Because of the first-match aspect of the algorithm, an element
+            that defines a subset of another element in the list should come
+            before the broader element, regardless of whether either is
+            negated. For
+            example, in
+            1.2.3/24; ! 1.2.3.13; the 1.2.3.13
+            element is
+            completely useless because the algorithm will match any lookup for
+            1.2.3.13 to the 1.2.3/24 element.
+            Using ! 1.2.3.13; 1.2.3/24 fixes
+            that problem by having 1.2.3.13 blocked by the negation but all
+            other 1.2.3.* hosts fall through.
+          

+

+

+

+

+Comment Syntax

+

+          The BIND 9 comment syntax allows for
+          comments to appear
+          anywhere that white space may appear in a BIND configuration
+          file. To appeal to programmers of all kinds, they can be written
+          in the C, C++, or shell/perl style.
+        

+

+

+Syntax

+

+            

+
/* This is a BIND comment as in C */

+

+            

+
// This is a BIND comment as in C++

+

+            

+
# This is a BIND comment as in common UNIX shells and perl

+

+          

+

+

+

+Definition and Usage

+

+            Comments may appear anywhere that whitespace may appear in
+            a BIND configuration file.
+          

+

+            C-style comments start with the two characters /* (slash,
+            star) and end with */ (star, slash). Because they are completely
+            delimited with these characters, they can be used to comment only
+            a portion of a line or to span multiple lines.
+          

+

+            C-style comments cannot be nested. For example, the following
+            is not valid because the entire comment ends with the first */:
+          

+

+
+

+
/* This is the start of a comment.
    This is still part of the comment.
 /* This is an incorrect attempt at nesting a comment. */
    This is no longer in any comment. */
-
C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
-slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
-be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
-comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
For example:
// This is the start of a comment.  The next line
+

+

+
+          

+

+            C++-style comments start with the two characters // (slash,
+            slash) and continue to the end of the physical line. They cannot
+            be continued across multiple physical lines; to have one logical
+            comment span multiple lines, each line must use the // pair.
+          

+

+            For example:
+          

+

+
+

+
// This is the start of a comment.  The next line
 // is a new comment, even though it is logically
 // part of the previous comment.
-
Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
-with the character # (number sign) and continue to the end of the
-physical line, as in C++ comments.
For example:
# This is the start of a comment.  The next line
+

+

+
+          

+

+            Shell-style (or perl-style, if you prefer) comments start
+            with the character # (number sign)
+            and continue to the end of the
+            physical line, as in C++ comments.
+          

+

+            For example:
+          

+

+
+

+
# This is the start of a comment.  The next line
 # is a new comment, even though it is logically
 # part of the previous comment.
-

-
Warning
You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
-   to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
-   semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
-   statement.
6.2. Configuration File Grammar
A BIND 9 configuration consists of statements and comments.
-    Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
-    only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
-    statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
-    terminated with a semicolon.
The following statements are supported:
acl
defines a named IP address
-matching list, for access control and other uses.
controls
declares control channels to be used
-by the rndc utility.
include
includes a file.
key
specifies key information for use in
-authentication and authorization using TSIG.
logging
specifies what the server logs, and where
-the log messages are sent.
lwres
configures named to
-also act as a light weight resolver daemon (lwresd).
masters
defines a named masters list for
-inclusion in stub and slave zone masters clauses.
options
controls global server configuration
-options and sets defaults for other statements.
server
sets certain configuration options on
-a per-server basis.
trusted-keys
defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
view
defines a view.
zone
defines a zone.
The logging and
-    options statements may only occur once per
-    configuration.
6.2.1. acl Statement Grammar
acl acl-name { 
+

+

+
+          

+

+
Warning

+

+              You cannot use the semicolon (`;') character
+              to start a comment such as you would in a zone file. The
+              semicolon indicates the end of a configuration
+              statement.
+            

+

+

+

+

+

+

+Configuration File Grammar

+

+        A BIND 9 configuration consists of
+        statements and comments.
+        Statements end with a semicolon. Statements and comments are the
+        only elements that can appear without enclosing braces. Many
+        statements contain a block of sub-statements, which are also
+        terminated with a semicolon.
+      

+

+        The following statements are supported:
+      

+

++++
+
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+                
acl

+              		
+                

+                  defines a named IP address
+                  matching list, for access control and other uses.
+                

+              

+                
controls

+              		
+                

+                  declares control channels to be used
+                  by the rndc utility.
+                

+              

+                
include

+              		
+                

+                  includes a file.
+                

+              

+                
key

+              		
+                

+                  specifies key information for use in
+                  authentication and authorization using TSIG.
+                

+              

+                
logging

+              		
+                

+                  specifies what the server logs, and where
+                  the log messages are sent.
+                

+              

+                
lwres

+              		
+                

+                  configures named to
+                  also act as a light weight resolver daemon (lwresd).
+                

+              

+                
masters

+              		
+                

+                  defines a named masters list for
+                  inclusion in stub and slave zone masters clauses.
+                

+              

+                
options

+              		
+                

+                  controls global server configuration
+                  options and sets defaults for other statements.
+                

+              

+                
server

+              		
+                

+                  sets certain configuration options on
+                  a per-server basis.
+                

+              

+                
trusted-keys

+              		
+                

+                  defines trusted DNSSEC keys.
+                

+              

+                
view

+              		
+                

+                  defines a view.
+                

+              

+                
zone

+              		
+                

+                  defines a zone.
+                

+              

+

+        The logging and
+        options statements may only occur once
+        per
+        configuration.
+      

+

+

+acl Statement Grammar

+
acl acl-name { 
     address_match_list 
 };
-
6.2.2. acl Statement Definition and
-Usage
The acl statement assigns a symbolic
-      name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
-      use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
Note that an address match list's name must be defined
-      with acl before it can be used elsewhere; no
-      forward references are allowed.
The following ACLs are built-in:
any
Matches all hosts.
none
Matches no hosts.
localhost
Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
-interfaces on the system.
localnets
Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
-for which the system has an interface.
-Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix lengths of
-local IPv6 addresses.
-In such a case, localnets only matches the local
-IPv6 addresses, just like localhost.
-
6.2.3. controls Statement Grammar
controls {
-   inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] allow {  address_match_list  }
-                keys {  key_list  };
-   [ inet ...; ]
+

+

+

+

+acl Statement Definition and
+          Usage

+

+          The acl statement assigns a symbolic
+          name to an address match list. It gets its name from a primary
+          use of address match lists: Access Control Lists (ACLs).
+        

+

+          Note that an address match list's name must be defined
+          with acl before it can be used
+          elsewhere; no
+          forward references are allowed.
+        

+

+          The following ACLs are built-in:
+        

+

++++
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+





+                  
any

+                		
+                  

+                    Matches all hosts.
+                  

+                

+                  
none

+                		
+                  

+                    Matches no hosts.
+                  

+                

+                  
localhost

+                		
+                  

+                    Matches the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of all network
+                    interfaces on the system.
+                  

+                

+                  
localnets

+                		
+                  

+                    Matches any host on an IPv4 or IPv6 network
+                    for which the system has an interface.
+                    Some systems do not provide a way to determine the prefix
+                    lengths of
+                    local IPv6 addresses.
+                    In such a case, localnets
+                    only matches the local
+                    IPv6 addresses, just like localhost.
+                  

+                

+

+

+

+controls Statement Grammar

+
controls {
+   inet ( ip_addr | * ) [ port ip_port ] allow {  address_match_list  }
+                keys {  key_list  };
+   [ inet ...; ]
 };
-
6.2.4. controls Statement Definition and Usage
The controls statement declares control
-      channels to be used by system administrators to control the
-      operation of the name server. These control channels are
-      used by the rndc utility to send commands to
-      and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server.
An inet control channel is a TCP
-      socket listening at the specified
-      ip_port on the specified
-      ip_addr, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6
-      address.  An ip_addr
-      of * is interpreted as the IPv4 wildcard
-      address; connections will be accepted on any of the system's
-      IPv4 addresses.  To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address,
-      use an ip_addr of ::.
-      If you will only use rndc on the local host,
-      using the loopback address (127.0.0.1
-      or ::1) is recommended for maximum
-      security.
-      

      If no port is specified, port 953
-      is used.  "*" cannot be used for
-      ip_port.
The ability to issue commands over the control channel is
-      restricted by the allow and
-      keys clauses. Connections to the control
-      channel are permitted based on the
-      address_match_list.  This is for simple
-      IP address based filtering only; any key_id
-      elements of the address_match_list are
-      ignored.
-      
The primary authorization mechanism of the command
-      channel is the key_list, which contains
-      a list of key_ids.
-      Each key_id in
-      the key_list is authorized to execute
-      commands over the control channel.
-      See Remote Name Daemon Control application in
-      Section 3.3.1.2) for information about
-      configuring keys in rndc.

If no controls statement is present,
-named will set up a default
-control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1
-and its IPv6 counterpart ::1.
-In this case, and also when the controls statement
-is present but does not have a keys clause,
-named will attempt to load the command channel key
-from the file rndc.key in
-/etc (or whatever sysconfdir
-was specified as when BIND was built).
-To create a rndc.key file, run
-rndc-confgen -a.
-
The rndc.key feature was created to
-      ease the transition of systems from BIND 8,
-      which did not have digital signatures on its command channel messages
-      and thus did not have a keys clause.
+
+
+
+

+controls Statement Definition and + Usage

+

+ The controls statement declares + control + channels to be used by system administrators to control the + operation of the name server. These control channels are + used by the rndc utility to send + commands to + and retrieve non-DNS results from a name server. +

+

+ An inet control channel is a TCP + socket listening at the specified + ip_port on the specified + ip_addr, which can be an IPv4 or IPv6 + address. An ip_addr + of * is interpreted as the IPv4 + wildcard + address; connections will be accepted on any of the system's + IPv4 addresses. To listen on the IPv6 wildcard address, + use an ip_addr of ::. + If you will only use rndc on the + local host, + using the loopback address (127.0.0.1 + or ::1) is recommended for + maximum + security. +

+

+ If no port is specified, port 953 + is used. "*" cannot be used for + ip_port. +

+

+ The ability to issue commands over the control channel is + restricted by the allow and + keys clauses. Connections to the + control + channel are permitted based on the + address_match_list. This is for + simple + IP address based filtering only; any key_id + elements of the address_match_list + are + ignored. +

+

+ The primary authorization mechanism of the command + channel is the key_list, which + contains + a list of key_ids. + Each key_id in + the key_list is authorized to execute + commands over the control channel. + See Remote Name Daemon Control application in + the section called “Administrative Tools”) for information about + configuring keys in rndc. +

+

+ If no controls statement is present, + named will set up a default + control channel listening on the loopback address 127.0.0.1 + and its IPv6 counterpart ::1. + In this case, and also when the controls statement + is present but does not have a keys + clause, + named will attempt to load the + command channel key + from the file rndc.key in + /etc (or whatever sysconfdir + was specified as when BIND was + built). + To create a rndc.key file, run + rndc-confgen -a. +

+

+ The rndc.key feature was created to + ease the transition of systems from BIND 8, + which did not have digital signatures on its command channel + messages + and thus did not have a keys clause. -It makes it possible to use an existing BIND 8 -configuration file in BIND 9 unchanged, -and still have rndc work the same way -ndc worked in BIND 8, simply by executing the -command rndc-confgen -a after BIND 9 is -installed. -

Since the rndc.key feature - is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of - BIND 8 configuration files, this feature does not - have a high degree of configurability. You cannot easily change - the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a - rndc.conf with your own key if you wish to change - those things. The rndc.key file also has its - permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that - named is running as) can access it. If you - desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access - rndc commands then you need to create an - rndc.conf and make it group readable by a group - that contains the users who should have access.

The UNIX control channel type of BIND 8 is not supported - in BIND 9, and is not expected to be added in future - releases. If it is present in the controls statement from a - BIND 8 configuration file, it is ignored - and a warning is logged.

To disable the command channel, use an empty controls -statement: controls { };. -

6.2.6. include Statement Definition and Usage

The include statement inserts the - specified file at the point where the include - statement is encountered. The include - statement facilitates the administration of configuration files - by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not - others. For example, the statement could include private keys - that are readable only by the name server.

6.2.7. key Statement Grammar

key key_id {
-    algorithm string;
-    secret string;
+          It makes it possible to use an existing BIND 8
+          configuration file in BIND 9
+          unchanged,
+          and still have rndc work the same way
+          ndc worked in BIND 8, simply by
+          executing the
+          command rndc-confgen -a after BIND 9 is
+          installed.
+        

+

+          Since the rndc.key feature
+          is only intended to allow the backward-compatible usage of
+          BIND 8 configuration files, this
+          feature does not
+          have a high degree of configurability.  You cannot easily change
+          the key name or the size of the secret, so you should make a
+          rndc.conf with your own key if you
+          wish to change
+          those things.  The rndc.key file
+          also has its
+          permissions set such that only the owner of the file (the user that
+          named is running as) can access it.
+          If you
+          desire greater flexibility in allowing other users to access
+          rndc commands then you need to create
+          an
+          rndc.conf and make it group
+          readable by a group
+          that contains the users who should have access.
+        

+

+          The UNIX control channel type of BIND
+          8 is not supported
+          in BIND 9, and is not expected to be
+          added in future
+          releases.  If it is present in the controls statement from a
+          BIND 8 configuration file, it is
+          ignored
+          and a warning is logged.
+        

+

+          To disable the command channel, use an empty controls
+          statement: controls { };.
+        

+
+
+

+include Statement Grammar

+
include filename;
+
+
+

+include Statement Definition and + Usage

+

+ The include statement inserts the + specified file at the point where the include + statement is encountered. The include + statement facilitates the administration of configuration + files + by permitting the reading or writing of some things but not + others. For example, the statement could include private keys + that are readable only by the name server. +

+
+
+

+key Statement Grammar

+
key key_id {
+    algorithm string;
+    secret string;
 };
-

6.2.8. key Statement Definition and Usage

The key statement defines a shared -secret key for use with TSIG (see Section 4.5) -or the command channel -(see Section 6.2.4). -

The key statement can occur at the top level -of the configuration file or inside a view -statement. Keys defined in top-level key -statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in -a controls statement -(see Section 6.2.4) -must be defined at the top level. -

The key_id, also known as the -key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can -be used in a server -statement to cause requests sent to that -server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to -verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key -matching this name, algorithm, and secret.

The algorithm_id is a string -that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. The only -algorithm currently supported with TSIG authentication is -hmac-md5. The -secret_string is the secret to be -used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64 encoded -string.

6.2.9. logging Statement Grammar

logging {
-   [ channel channel_name {
-     ( file path name
-         [ versions ( number | unlimited ) ]
-         [ size size spec ]
-       | syslog syslog_facility
-       | stderr
-       | null );
-     [ severity (critical | error | warning | notice |
-                 info | debug [ level ] | dynamic ); ]
-     [ print-category yes or no; ]
-     [ print-severity yes or no; ]
-     [ print-time yes or no; ]
+
+
+
+

+key Statement Definition and Usage

+

+ The key statement defines a shared + secret key for use with TSIG (see the section called “TSIG”) + or the command channel + (see the section called “controls Statement Definition and + Usage”). +

+

+ The key statement can occur at the + top level + of the configuration file or inside a view + statement. Keys defined in top-level key + statements can be used in all views. Keys intended for use in + a controls statement + (see the section called “controls Statement Definition and + Usage”) + must be defined at the top level. +

+

+ The key_id, also known as the + key name, is a domain name uniquely identifying the key. It can + be used in a server + statement to cause requests sent to that + server to be signed with this key, or in address match lists to + verify that incoming requests have been signed with a key + matching this name, algorithm, and secret. +

+

+ The algorithm_id is a string + that specifies a security/authentication algorithm. The only + algorithm currently supported with TSIG authentication is + hmac-md5. The + secret_string is the secret + to be + used by the algorithm, and is treated as a base-64 encoded + string. +

+
+
+

+logging Statement Grammar

+
logging {
+   [ channel channel_name {
+     ( file path name
+         [ versions ( number | unlimited ) ]
+         [ size size spec ]
+       | syslog syslog_facility
+       | stderr
+       | null );
+     [ severity (critical | error | warning | notice |
+                 info | debug [ level ] | dynamic ); ]
+     [ print-category yes or no; ]
+     [ print-severity yes or no; ]
+     [ print-time yes or no; ]
    }; ]
-   [ category category_name {
-     channel_name ; [ channel_name ; ... ]
+   [ category category_name {
+     channel_name ; [ channel_name ; ... ]
    }; ]
    ...
 };
-

6.2.10. logging Statement Definition and Usage

The logging statement configures a wide -variety of logging options for the name server. Its channel phrase -associates output methods, format options and severity levels with -a name that can then be used with the category phrase -to select how various classes of messages are logged.

Only one logging statement is used to define -as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no logging statement, -the logging configuration will be:

logging {
+
+
+
+

+logging Statement Definition and + Usage

+

+ The logging statement configures a + wide + variety of logging options for the name server. Its channel phrase + associates output methods, format options and severity levels with + a name that can then be used with the category phrase + to select how various classes of messages are logged. +

+

+ Only one logging statement is used to + define + as many channels and categories as are wanted. If there is no logging statement, + the logging configuration will be: +

+
logging {
      category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
      category unmatched { null; };
 };
-

In BIND 9, the logging configuration is only established when -the entire configuration file has been parsed. In BIND 8, it was -established as soon as the logging statement -was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages -regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default -channels, or to standard error if the "-g" option -was specified.

6.2.10.1. The channel Phrase

All log output goes to one or more channels; -you can make as many of them as you want.

Every channel definition must include a destination clause that -says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a -particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are -discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level -that will be accepted by the channel (the default is -info), and whether to include a -named-generated time stamp, the category name -and/or severity level (the default is not to include any).

The null destination clause -causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded; -in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless.

The file destination clause directs the channel -to a disk file. It can include limitations -both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many versions -of the file will be saved each time the file is opened.

If you use the versions log file option, then -named will retain that many backup versions of the file by -renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep 3 old versions -of the file lamers.log then just before it is opened -lamers.log.1 is renamed to -lamers.log.2, lamers.log.0 is renamed -to lamers.log.1, and lamers.log is -renamed to lamers.log.0. -You can say versions unlimited to not limit -the number of versions. -If a size option is associated with the log file, -then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the -indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any existing -log file is simply appended.

The size option for files is used to limit log -growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then named will -stop writing to the file unless it has a versions option -associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are rolled as -described above and a new one begun. If there is no -versions option, no more data will be written to the log -until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to less than the -maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of the -file.

Example usage of the size and -versions options:

channel an_example_channel {
+
+

+ In BIND 9, the logging configuration + is only established when + the entire configuration file has been parsed. In BIND 8, it was + established as soon as the logging + statement + was parsed. When the server is starting up, all logging messages + regarding syntax errors in the configuration file go to the default + channels, or to standard error if the "-g" option + was specified. +

+
+

+The channel Phrase

+

+ All log output goes to one or more channels; + you can make as many of them as you want. +

+

+ Every channel definition must include a destination clause that + says whether messages selected for the channel go to a file, to a + particular syslog facility, to the standard error stream, or are + discarded. It can optionally also limit the message severity level + that will be accepted by the channel (the default is + info), and whether to include a + named-generated time stamp, the + category name + and/or severity level (the default is not to include any). +

+

+ The null destination clause + causes all messages sent to the channel to be discarded; + in that case, other options for the channel are meaningless. +

+

+ The file destination clause directs + the channel + to a disk file. It can include limitations + both on how large the file is allowed to become, and how many + versions + of the file will be saved each time the file is opened. +

+

+ If you use the versions log file + option, then + named will retain that many backup + versions of the file by + renaming them when opening. For example, if you choose to keep 3 + old versions + of the file lamers.log then just + before it is opened + lamers.log.1 is renamed to + lamers.log.2, lamers.log.0 is renamed + to lamers.log.1, and lamers.log is + renamed to lamers.log.0. + You can say versions unlimited to + not limit + the number of versions. + If a size option is associated with + the log file, + then renaming is only done when the file being opened exceeds the + indicated size. No backup versions are kept by default; any + existing + log file is simply appended. +

+

+ The size option for files is used + to limit log + growth. If the file ever exceeds the size, then named will + stop writing to the file unless it has a versions option + associated with it. If backup versions are kept, the files are + rolled as + described above and a new one begun. If there is no + versions option, no more data will + be written to the log + until some out-of-band mechanism removes or truncates the log to + less than the + maximum size. The default behavior is not to limit the size of + the + file. +

+

+ Example usage of the size and + versions options: +

+
channel an_example_channel {
     file "example.log" versions 3 size 20m;
     print-time yes;
     print-category yes;
 };
-

The syslog destination clause directs the -channel to the system log. Its argument is a -syslog facility as described in the syslog man -page. Known facilities are kern, user, -mail, daemon, auth, -syslog, lpr, news, -uucp, cron, authpriv, -ftp, local0, local1, -local2, local3, local4, -local5, local6 and -local7, however not all facilities are supported on -all operating systems. -How syslog will handle messages sent to -this facility is described in the syslog.conf man -page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of syslog that -only uses two arguments to the openlog() function, -then this clause is silently ignored.

The severity clause works like syslog's -"priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing -straight to a file rather than using syslog. -Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will -not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity levels -will be accepted.

If you are using syslog, then the syslog.conf priorities -will also determine what eventually passes through. For example, -defining a channel facility and severity as daemon and debug but -only logging daemon.warning via syslog.conf will -cause messages of severity info and notice to -be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with named writing -messages of only warning or higher, then syslogd would -print all messages it received from the channel.

The stderr destination clause directs the -channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended for -use when the server is running as a foreground process, for example -when debugging a configuration.

The server can supply extensive debugging information when -it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is greater -than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug -level is set either by starting the named server -with the -d flag followed by a positive integer, -or by running rndc trace. -The global debug level -can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running ndc -notrace. All debugging messages in the server have a debug -level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels -that specify a specific debug severity, for example:

channel specific_debug_level {
+
+

+ The syslog destination clause + directs the + channel to the system log. Its argument is a + syslog facility as described in the syslog man + page. Known facilities are kern, user, + mail, daemon, auth, + syslog, lpr, news, + uucp, cron, authpriv, + ftp, local0, local1, + local2, local3, local4, + local5, local6 and + local7, however not all facilities + are supported on + all operating systems. + How syslog will handle messages + sent to + this facility is described in the syslog.conf man + page. If you have a system which uses a very old version of syslog that + only uses two arguments to the openlog() function, + then this clause is silently ignored. +

+

+ The severity clause works like syslog's + "priorities", except that they can also be used if you are writing + straight to a file rather than using syslog. + Messages which are not at least of the severity level given will + not be selected for the channel; messages of higher severity + levels + will be accepted. +

+

+ If you are using syslog, then the syslog.conf priorities + will also determine what eventually passes through. For example, + defining a channel facility and severity as daemon and debug but + only logging daemon.warning via syslog.conf will + cause messages of severity info and + notice to + be dropped. If the situation were reversed, with named writing + messages of only warning or higher, + then syslogd would + print all messages it received from the channel. +

+

+ The stderr destination clause + directs the + channel to the server's standard error stream. This is intended + for + use when the server is running as a foreground process, for + example + when debugging a configuration. +

+

+ The server can supply extensive debugging information when + it is in debugging mode. If the server's global debug level is + greater + than zero, then debugging mode will be active. The global debug + level is set either by starting the named server + with the -d flag followed by a positive integer, + or by running rndc trace. + The global debug level + can be set to zero, and debugging mode turned off, by running ndc +notrace. All debugging messages in the server have a debug + level, and higher debug levels give more detailed output. Channels + that specify a specific debug severity, for example: +

+
channel specific_debug_level {
     file "foo";
     severity debug 3;
 };
-

will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the -server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging -level. Channels with dynamic severity use the -server's global debug level to determine what messages to print.

If print-time has been turned on, then -the date and time will be logged. print-time may -be specified for a syslog channel, but is usually -pointless since syslog also prints the date and -time. If print-category is requested, then the -category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if print-severity is -on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The print- options may -be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the following -order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all three print- options -are on:

28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running

There are four predefined channels that are used for -named's default logging as follows. How they are -used is described in Section 6.2.10.2. -

channel default_syslog {
+
+

+ will get debugging output of level 3 or less any time the + server is in debugging mode, regardless of the global debugging + level. Channels with dynamic + severity use the + server's global debug level to determine what messages to print. +

+

+ If print-time has been turned on, + then + the date and time will be logged. print-time may + be specified for a syslog channel, + but is usually + pointless since syslog also prints + the date and + time. If print-category is + requested, then the + category of the message will be logged as well. Finally, if print-severity is + on, then the severity level of the message will be logged. The print- options may + be used in any combination, and will always be printed in the + following + order: time, category, severity. Here is an example where all + three print- options + are on: +

+

+ 28-Feb-2000 15:05:32.863 general: notice: running +

+

+ There are four predefined channels that are used for + named's default logging as follows. + How they are + used is described in the section called “The category Phrase”. +

+
channel default_syslog {
     syslog daemon;                      // send to syslog's daemon
                                         // facility
     severity info;                      // only send priority info
@@ -2394,78 +1319,52 @@ channel null {
    null;                                // toss anything sent to
                                         // this channel
 };
-

The default_debug channel has the special -property that it only produces output when the server's debug level is -nonzero. It normally writes to a file named.run -in the server's working directory.

For security reasons, when the "-u" -command line option is used, the named.run file -is created only after named has changed to the -new UID, and any debug output generated while named is -starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need -to capture this output, you must run the server with the "-g" -option and redirect standard error to a file.

Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you -cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify -the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have defined.

6.2.10.2. The category Phrase

There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want -to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If -you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log messages -in that category will be sent to the default category -instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following -"default default" is used:

category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
-

As an example, let's say you want to log security events to -a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd -specify the following:

channel my_security_channel {
+
+

+ The default_debug channel has the + special + property that it only produces output when the server's debug + level is + nonzero. It normally writes to a file named.run + in the server's working directory. +

+

+ For security reasons, when the "-u" + command line option is used, the named.run file + is created only after named has + changed to the + new UID, and any debug output generated while named is + starting up and still running as root is discarded. If you need + to capture this output, you must run the server with the "-g" + option and redirect standard error to a file. +

+

+ Once a channel is defined, it cannot be redefined. Thus you + cannot alter the built-in channels directly, but you can modify + the default logging by pointing categories at channels you have + defined. +

+
+
+

+The category Phrase

+

+ There are many categories, so you can send the logs you want + to see wherever you want, without seeing logs you don't want. If + you don't specify a list of channels for a category, then log + messages + in that category will be sent to the default category + instead. If you don't specify a default category, the following + "default default" is used: +

+
category default { default_syslog; default_debug; };
+
+

+ As an example, let's say you want to log security events to + a file, but you also want keep the default logging behavior. You'd + specify the following: +

+
channel my_security_channel {
     file "my_security_file";
     severity info;
 };
@@ -2473,4877 +1372,2157 @@ category security {
     my_security_channel;
     default_syslog;
     default_debug;
-};

To discard all messages in a category, specify the null channel:

category xfer-out { null; };
+};
+

+ To discard all messages in a category, specify the null channel: +

+
category xfer-out { null; };
 category notify { null; };
-

Following are the available categories and brief descriptions -of the types of log information they contain. More -categories may be added in future BIND releases.

default

The default category defines the logging -options for those categories where no specific configuration has been -defined.

general

The catch-all. Many things still aren't -classified into categories, and they all end up here.

database

Messages relating to the databases used -internally by the name server to store zone and cache data.

security

Approval and denial of requests.

config

Configuration file parsing and processing.

resolver

DNS resolution, such as the recursive -lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name server.

xfer-in

Zone transfers the server is receiving.

xfer-out

Zone transfers the server is sending.

notify

The NOTIFY protocol.

client

Processing of client requests.

unmatched

Messages that named was unable to determine the -class of or for which there was no matching view. -A one line summary is also logged to the client category. -This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by default it is sent to -the null channel.

network

Network operations.

update

Dynamic updates.

update-security

Approval and denial of update requests.

queries

Specify where queries should be logged to.

-

At startup, specifing the category queries will also -enable query logging unless querylog option has been -specified. -

-

The query log entry reports the client's IP address and port number. The -query name, class and type. It also reports whether the Recursion Desired -flag was set (+ if set, - if not set), EDNS was in use (E) or if the -query was signed (S).

-
client 127.0.0.1#62536: query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE
-client ::1#62537: query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE
-
-

dispatch

Dispatching of incoming packets to the -server modules where they are to be processed. -

dnssec

DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing. -

lame-servers

Lame servers. These are misconfigurations -in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to query -those servers during resolution. -

delegation-only

Delegation only. Logs queries that have have -been forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a delegation-only zone or -a delegation-only in a hint or stub zone declaration. -

6.2.11. lwres Statement Grammar

This is the grammar of the lwres -statement in the named.conf file:

lwres {
-    [ listen-on { ip_addr [port ip_port] ; [ ip_addr [port ip_port] ; ... ] }; ]
-    [ view view_name; ]
-    [ search { domain_name ; [ domain_name ; ... ] }; ]
-    [ ndots number; ]
+
+

+ Following are the available categories and brief descriptions + of the types of log information they contain. More + categories may be added in future BIND releases. +

+
++++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

default

+ 		+

+ The default category defines the logging + options for those categories where no specific + configuration has been + defined. +

+
+

general

+ 		+

+ The catch-all. Many things still aren't + classified into categories, and they all end up here. +

+
+

database

+ 		+

+ Messages relating to the databases used + internally by the name server to store zone and cache + data. +

+
+

security

+ 		+

+ Approval and denial of requests. +

+
+

config

+ 		+

+ Configuration file parsing and processing. +

+
+

resolver

+ 		+

+ DNS resolution, such as the recursive + lookups performed on behalf of clients by a caching name + server. +

+
+

xfer-in

+ 		+

+ Zone transfers the server is receiving. +

+
+

xfer-out

+ 		+

+ Zone transfers the server is sending. +

+
+

notify

+ 		+

+ The NOTIFY protocol. +

+
+

client

+ 		+

+ Processing of client requests. +

+
+

unmatched

+ 		+

+ Messages that named was unable to determine the + class of or for which there was no matching view. + A one line summary is also logged to the client category. + This category is best sent to a file or stderr, by + default it is sent to + the null channel. +

+
+

network

+ 		+

+ Network operations. +

+
+

update

+ 		+

+ Dynamic updates. +

+
+

update-security

+ 		+

+ Approval and denial of update requests. +

+
+

queries

+ 		+

+ Specify where queries should be logged to. +

+

+ At startup, specifing the category queries will also + enable query logging unless querylog option has been + specified. +

+

+ The query log entry reports the client's IP address and + port number. The + query name, class and type. It also reports whether the + Recursion Desired + flag was set (+ if set, - if not set), EDNS was in use + (E) or if the + query was signed (S). +

+

+ client 127.0.0.1#62536: query: www.example.com IN AAAA +SE +

+

+ client ::1#62537: query: www.example.net IN AAAA -SE +

+
+

dispatch

+ 		+

+ Dispatching of incoming packets to the + server modules where they are to be processed. +

+
+

dnssec

+ 		+

+ DNSSEC and TSIG protocol processing. +

+
+

lame-servers

+ 		+

+ Lame servers. These are misconfigurations + in remote servers, discovered by BIND 9 when trying to + query + those servers during resolution. +

+
+

delegation-only

+ 		+

+ Delegation only. Logs queries that have have + been forced to NXDOMAIN as the result of a + delegation-only zone or + a delegation-only in a + hint or stub zone declaration. +

+
+
+
+
+

+lwres Statement Grammar

+

+ This is the grammar of the lwres + statement in the named.conf file: +

+
lwres {
+    [ listen-on { ip_addr [port ip_port] ; [ ip_addr [port ip_port] ; ... ] }; ]
+    [ view view_name; ]
+    [ search { domain_name ; [ domain_name ; ... ] }; ]
+    [ ndots number; ]
 };
-

6.2.12. lwres Statement Definition and Usage

The lwres statement configures the name -server to also act as a lightweight resolver server, see -Section 5.2. There may be be multiple -lwres statements configuring -lightweight resolver servers with different properties.

The listen-on statement specifies a list of -addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight resolver daemon -should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is used. -If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on 127.0.0.1, -port 921.

The view statement binds this instance of a -lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that the -response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS query -matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view is -used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered.

The search statement is equivalent to the -search statement in -/etc/resolv.conf. It provides a list of domains -which are appended to relative names in queries.

The ndots statement is equivalent to the -ndots statement in -/etc/resolv.conf. It indicates the minimum -number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an -exact match lookup before search path elements are appended.

6.2.13. masters Statement Grammar


masters name [port ip_port] { ( masters_list | ip_addr [port ip_port] [key key] ) ; [...] } ; 
-

6.2.14. masters Statement Definition and Usage

masters lists allow for a common set of masters -to be easily used by multiple stub and slave zones.

6.2.15. options Statement Grammar

This is the grammar of the options -statement in the named.conf file:

options {
-    [ version version_string; ]
-    [ hostname hostname_string; ]
-    [ server-id server_id_string; ]
-    [ directory path_name; ]
-    [ key-directory path_name; ]
-    [ named-xfer path_name; ]
-    [ tkey-domain domainname; ]
-    [ tkey-dhkey key_name key_tag; ]
-    [ dump-file path_name; ]
-    [ memstatistics-file path_name; ]
-    [ pid-file path_name; ]
-    [ statistics-file path_name; ]
-    [ zone-statistics yes_or_no; ]
-    [ auth-nxdomain yes_or_no; ]
-    [ deallocate-on-exit yes_or_no; ]
-    [ dialup dialup_option; ]
-    [ fake-iquery yes_or_no; ]
-    [ fetch-glue yes_or_no; ]
-    [ flush-zones-on-shutdown yes_or_no; ]
-    [ has-old-clients yes_or_no; ]
-    [ host-statistics yes_or_no; ]
-    [ host-statistics-max number; ]
-    [ minimal-responses yes_or_no; ]
-    [ multiple-cnames yes_or_no; ]
-    [ notify yes_or_no | explicit | master-only; ]
-    [ recursion yes_or_no; ]
-    [ rfc2308-type1 yes_or_no; ]
-    [ use-id-pool yes_or_no; ]
-    [ maintain-ixfr-base yes_or_no; ]
-    [ dnssec-enable yes_or_no; ]
-    [ dnssec-lookaside domain trust-anchor domain; ]
-    [ dnssec-must-be-secure domain yes_or_no; ]
-    [ forward ( only | first ); ]
-    [ forwarders { ip_addr [port ip_port] ; [ ip_addr [port ip_port] ; ... ] }; ]
-    [ dual-stack-servers [port ip_port] { ( domain_name [port ip_port] | ip_addr [port ip_port] ) ; ... }; ]
-    [ check-names ( master | slave | response )( warn | fail | ignore ); ]
-    [ check-wildcard yes_or_no; ]
-    [ allow-notify { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ allow-query { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ allow-query-cache { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ allow-transfer { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ allow-recursion { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ allow-update { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ allow-update-forwarding { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ allow-v6-synthesis { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ blackhole { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ avoid-v4-udp-ports { port_list }; ]
-    [ avoid-v6-udp-ports { port_list }; ]
-    [ listen-on [ port ip_port ] { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ listen-on-v6 [ port ip_port ] { address_match_list }; ]
-    [ query-source ( ( ip4_addr | * ) [ port ( ip_port | * ) ] | [ address ( ip4_addr | * ) ] [ port ( ip_port | * ) ] ) ; ]
-    [ query-source-v6 ( ( ip6_addr | * ) [ port ( ip_port | * ) ] | [ address ( ip6_addr | * ) ] [ port ( ip_port | * ) ] ) ; ]
-    [ max-transfer-time-in number; ]
-    [ max-transfer-time-out number; ]
-    [ max-transfer-idle-in number; ]
-    [ max-transfer-idle-out number; ]
-    [ tcp-clients number; ]
-    [ recursive-clients number; ]
-    [ serial-query-rate number; ]
-    [ serial-queries number; ]
-    [ tcp-listen-queue number; ]
-    [ transfer-format ( one-answer | many-answers ); ]
-    [ transfers-in  number; ]
-    [ transfers-out number; ]
-    [ transfers-per-ns number; ]
-    [ transfer-source (ip4_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
-    [ transfer-source-v6 (ip6_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
-    [ alt-transfer-source (ip4_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
-    [ alt-transfer-source-v6 (ip6_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
-    [ use-alt-transfer-source yes_or_no; ]
-    [ notify-source (ip4_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
-    [ notify-source-v6 (ip6_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
-    [ also-notify { ip_addr [port ip_port] ; [ ip_addr [port ip_port] ; ... ] }; ]
-    [ max-ixfr-log-size number; ]
-    [ max-journal-size size_spec; ]
-    [ coresize size_spec ; ]
-    [ datasize size_spec ; ]
-    [ files size_spec ; ]
-    [ stacksize size_spec ; ]
-    [ cleaning-interval number; ]
-    [ heartbeat-interval number; ]
-    [ interface-interval number; ]
-    [ statistics-interval number; ]
-    [ topology { address_match_list }];
-    [ sortlist { address_match_list }];
-    [ rrset-order { order_spec ; [ order_spec ; ... ] ] };
-    [ lame-ttl number; ]
-    [ max-ncache-ttl number; ]
-    [ max-cache-ttl number; ]
-    [ sig-validity-interval number ; ]
-    [ min-roots number; ]
-    [ use-ixfr yes_or_no ; ]
-    [ provide-ixfr yes_or_no; ]
-    [ request-ixfr yes_or_no; ]
-    [ treat-cr-as-space yes_or_no ; ]
-    [ min-refresh-time number ; ]
-    [ max-refresh-time number ; ]
-    [ min-retry-time number ; ]
-    [ max-retry-time number ; ]
-    [ port ip_port; ]
-    [ additional-from-auth yes_or_no ; ]
-    [ additional-from-cache yes_or_no ; ]
-    [ random-device path_name ; ]
-    [ max-cache-size size_spec ; ]
-    [ match-mapped-addresses yes_or_no; ]
-    [ preferred-glue ( A | AAAA | NONE ); ]
-    [ edns-udp-size number; ]
-    [ root-delegation-only [ exclude { namelist } ] ; ]
-    [ querylog yes_or_no ; ]
-    [ disable-algorithms domain { algorithm; [ algorithm; ] }; ]
-    [ use-additional-cache yes_or_no ; ]
-    [ acache-cleaning-interval number; ]
-    [ max-acache-size size_spec ; ]
+
+
+
+

+lwres Statement Definition and Usage

+

+ The lwres statement configures the + name + server to also act as a lightweight resolver server, see + the section called “Running a Resolver Daemon”. There may be be multiple + lwres statements configuring + lightweight resolver servers with different properties. +

+

+ The listen-on statement specifies a + list of + addresses (and ports) that this instance of a lightweight resolver + daemon + should accept requests on. If no port is specified, port 921 is + used. + If this statement is omitted, requests will be accepted on + 127.0.0.1, + port 921. +

+

+ The view statement binds this + instance of a + lightweight resolver daemon to a view in the DNS namespace, so that + the + response will be constructed in the same manner as a normal DNS + query + matching this view. If this statement is omitted, the default view + is + used, and if there is no default view, an error is triggered. +

+

+ The search statement is equivalent to + the + search statement in + /etc/resolv.conf. It provides a + list of domains + which are appended to relative names in queries. +

+

+ The ndots statement is equivalent to + the + ndots statement in + /etc/resolv.conf. It indicates the + minimum + number of dots in a relative domain name that should result in an + exact match lookup before search path elements are appended. +

+
+
+

+masters Statement Grammar

+
+masters name [port ip_port] { ( masters_list | ip_addr [port ip_port] [key key] ) ; [...] } ; 
+
+
+
+

+masters Statement Definition and + Usage

+

masters + lists allow for a common set of masters to be easily used by + multiple stub and slave zones. +

+
+
+

+options Statement Grammar

+

+ This is the grammar of the options + statement in the named.conf file: +

+
options {
+    [ version version_string; ]
+    [ hostname hostname_string; ]
+    [ server-id server_id_string; ]
+    [ directory path_name; ]
+    [ key-directory path_name; ]
+    [ named-xfer path_name; ]
+    [ tkey-domain domainname; ]
+    [ tkey-dhkey key_name key_tag; ]
+    [ dump-file path_name; ]
+    [ memstatistics-file path_name; ]
+    [ pid-file path_name; ]
+    [ statistics-file path_name; ]
+    [ zone-statistics yes_or_no; ]
+    [ auth-nxdomain yes_or_no; ]
+    [ deallocate-on-exit yes_or_no; ]
+    [ dialup dialup_option; ]
+    [ fake-iquery yes_or_no; ]
+    [ fetch-glue yes_or_no; ]
+    [ flush-zones-on-shutdown yes_or_no; ]
+    [ has-old-clients yes_or_no; ]
+    [ host-statistics yes_or_no; ]
+    [ host-statistics-max number; ]
+    [ minimal-responses yes_or_no; ]
+    [ multiple-cnames yes_or_no; ]
+    [ notify yes_or_no | explicit | master-only; ]
+    [ recursion yes_or_no; ]
+    [ rfc2308-type1 yes_or_no; ]
+    [ use-id-pool yes_or_no; ]
+    [ maintain-ixfr-base yes_or_no; ]
+    [ dnssec-enable yes_or_no; ]
+    [ dnssec-lookaside domain trust-anchor domain; ]
+    [ dnssec-must-be-secure domain yes_or_no; ]
+    [ forward ( only | first ); ]
+    [ forwarders { ip_addr [port ip_port] ; [ ip_addr [port ip_port] ; ... ] }; ]
+    [ dual-stack-servers [port ip_port] { ( domain_name [port ip_port] | ip_addr [port ip_port] ) ; ... }; ]
+    [ check-names ( master | slave | response )( warn | fail | ignore ); ]
+    [ check-wildcard yes_or_no; ]
+    [ allow-notify { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ allow-query { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ allow-query-cache { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ allow-transfer { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ allow-recursion { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ allow-update { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ allow-update-forwarding { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ allow-v6-synthesis { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ blackhole { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ avoid-v4-udp-ports { port_list }; ]
+    [ avoid-v6-udp-ports { port_list }; ]
+    [ listen-on [ port ip_port ] { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ listen-on-v6 [ port ip_port ] { address_match_list }; ]
+    [ query-source ( ( ip4_addr | * ) [ port ( ip_port | * ) ] | [ address ( ip4_addr | * ) ] [ port ( ip_port | * ) ] ) ; ]
+    [ query-source-v6 ( ( ip6_addr | * ) [ port ( ip_port | * ) ] | [ address ( ip6_addr | * ) ] [ port ( ip_port | * ) ] ) ; ]
+    [ max-transfer-time-in number; ]
+    [ max-transfer-time-out number; ]
+    [ max-transfer-idle-in number; ]
+    [ max-transfer-idle-out number; ]
+    [ tcp-clients number; ]
+    [ recursive-clients number; ]
+    [ serial-query-rate number; ]
+    [ serial-queries number; ]
+    [ tcp-listen-queue number; ]
+    [ transfer-format ( one-answer | many-answers ); ]
+    [ transfers-in  number; ]
+    [ transfers-out number; ]
+    [ transfers-per-ns number; ]
+    [ transfer-source (ip4_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
+    [ transfer-source-v6 (ip6_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
+    [ alt-transfer-source (ip4_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
+    [ alt-transfer-source-v6 (ip6_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
+    [ use-alt-transfer-source yes_or_no; ]
+    [ notify-source (ip4_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
+    [ notify-source-v6 (ip6_addr | *) [port ip_port] ; ]
+    [ also-notify { ip_addr [port ip_port] ; [ ip_addr [port ip_port] ; ... ] }; ]
+    [ max-ixfr-log-size number; ]
+    [ max-journal-size size_spec; ]
+    [ coresize size_spec ; ]
+    [ datasize size_spec ; ]
+    [ files size_spec ; ]
+    [ stacksize size_spec ; ]
+    [ cleaning-interval number; ]
+    [ heartbeat-interval number; ]
+    [ interface-interval number; ]
+    [ statistics-interval number; ]
+    [ topology { address_match_list }];
+    [ sortlist { address_match_list }];
+    [ rrset-order { order_spec ; [ order_spec ; ... ] ] };
+    [ lame-ttl number; ]
+    [ max-ncache-ttl number; ]
+    [ max-cache-ttl number; ]
+    [ sig-validity-interval number ; ]
+    [ min-roots number; ]
+    [ use-ixfr yes_or_no ; ]
+    [ provide-ixfr yes_or_no; ]
+    [ request-ixfr yes_or_no; ]
+    [ treat-cr-as-space yes_or_no ; ]
+    [ min-refresh-time number ; ]
+    [ max-refresh-time number ; ]
+    [ min-retry-time number ; ]
+    [ max-retry-time number ; ]
+    [ port ip_port; ]
+    [ additional-from-auth yes_or_no ; ]
+    [ additional-from-cache yes_or_no ; ]
+    [ random-device path_name ; ]
+    [ max-cache-size size_spec ; ]
+    [ match-mapped-addresses yes_or_no; ]
+    [ preferred-glue ( A | AAAA | NONE ); ]
+    [ edns-udp-size number; ]
+    [ root-delegation-only [ exclude { namelist } ] ; ]
+    [ querylog yes_or_no ; ]
+    [ disable-algorithms domain { algorithm; [ algorithm; ] }; ]
+    [ use-additional-cache yes_or_no ; ]
+    [ acache-cleaning-interval number; ]
+    [ max-acache-size size_spec ; ]
 };
-

6.2.16. options Statement Definition and Usage

The options statement sets up global options -to be used by BIND. This statement may appear only -once in a configuration file. If there is no options -statement, an options block with each option set to its default will -be used.

directory

The working directory of the server. -Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be taken -as relative to this directory. The default location for most server -output files (e.g. named.run) is this directory. -If a directory is not specified, the working directory defaults -to `.', the directory from which the server -was started. The directory specified should be an absolute path.

key-directory

When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the -directory where the public and private key files should be found, -if different than the current working directory. The directory specified -must be an absolute path.

named-xfer

This option is obsolete. -It was used in BIND 8 to -specify the pathname to the named-xfer program. -In BIND 9, no separate named-xfer program is -needed; its functionality is built into the name server.

tkey-domain

The domain appended to the names of all -shared keys generated with TKEY. When a client -requests a TKEY exchange, it may or may not specify -the desired name for the key. If present, the name of the shared -key will be "client specified part" + -"tkey-domain". -Otherwise, the name of the shared key will be "random hex -digits" + "tkey-domain". In most cases, -the domainname should be the server's domain -name.

tkey-dhkey

The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server -to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman mode -of TKEY. The server must be able to load the -public and private keys from files in the working directory. In -most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name.

dump-file

The pathname of the file the server dumps -the database to when instructed to do so with -rndc dumpdb. -If not specified, the default is named_dump.db.

memstatistics-file

The pathname of the file the server writes memory -usage statistics to on exit. If not specified, -the default is named.memstats.

pid-file

The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID -in. If not specified, the default is /var/run/named.pid. -The pid-file is used by programs that want to send signals to the running -name server. Specifying pid-file none disables the -use of a PID file — no file will be written and any -existing one will be removed. Note that none -is a keyword, not a file name, and therefore is not enclosed in -double quotes.

statistics-file

The pathname of the file the server appends statistics -to when instructed to do so using rndc stats. -If not specified, the default is named.stats in the -server's current directory. The format of the file is described -in Section 6.2.16.17

port

The UDP/TCP port number the server uses for -receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic. -The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server testing; -a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to communicate with -the global DNS. -

random-device

The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is primarily needed -for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic update of signed -zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which to read -entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will fail when the -file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value is -/dev/random -(or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The -random-device option takes effect during -the initial configuration load at server startup time and -is ignored on subsequent reloads.

preferred-glue

If specified the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted before other glue -in the additional section of a query response. -The default is not to preference any type (NONE). -

root-delegation-only

Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs and root zones with an optional -exclude list. -

Note some TLDs are NOT delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV", "US" and "MUSEUM"). -


options {
+
+
+
+

+options Statement Definition and + Usage

+

+ The options statement sets up global + options + to be used by BIND. This statement + may appear only + once in a configuration file. If there is no options + statement, an options block with each option set to its default will + be used. +

+
+
directory
+

+ The working directory of the server. + Any non-absolute pathnames in the configuration file will be + taken + as relative to this directory. The default location for most + server + output files (e.g. named.run) + is this directory. + If a directory is not specified, the working directory + defaults + to `.', the directory from + which the server + was started. The directory specified should be an absolute + path. +

+
key-directory
+

+ When performing dynamic update of secure zones, the + directory where the public and private key files should be + found, + if different than the current working directory. The + directory specified + must be an absolute path. +

+
named-xfer
+

+ This option is obsolete. + It was used in BIND 8 to + specify the pathname to the named-xfer program. + In BIND 9, no separate named-xfer program is + needed; its functionality is built into the name server. +

+
tkey-domain
+

+ The domain appended to the names of all + shared keys generated with + TKEY. When a client + requests a TKEY exchange, it + may or may not specify + the desired name for the key. If present, the name of the + shared + key will be "client specified part" + + "tkey-domain". + Otherwise, the name of the shared key will be "random hex +digits" + "tkey-domain". In most cases, + the domainname should be the + server's domain + name. +

+
tkey-dhkey
+

+ The Diffie-Hellman key used by the server + to generate shared keys with clients using the Diffie-Hellman + mode + of TKEY. The server must be + able to load the + public and private keys from files in the working directory. + In + most cases, the keyname should be the server's host name. +

+
dump-file
+

+ The pathname of the file the server dumps + the database to when instructed to do so with + rndc dumpdb. + If not specified, the default is named_dump.db. +

+
memstatistics-file
+

+ The pathname of the file the server writes memory + usage statistics to on exit. If not specified, + the default is + named.memstats. +

+
pid-file
+

+ The pathname of the file the server writes its process ID + in. If not specified, the default is /var/run/named.pid. + The pid-file is used by programs that want to send signals to + the running + name server. Specifying pid-file none disables the + use of a PID file — no file will be written and any + existing one will be removed. Note that none + is a keyword, not a file name, and therefore is not enclosed + in + double quotes. +

+
statistics-file
+

+ The pathname of the file the server appends statistics + to when instructed to do so using rndc stats. + If not specified, the default is named.stats in the + server's current directory. The format of the file is + described + in the section called “The Statistics File” +

+
port
+

+ The UDP/TCP port number the server uses for + receiving and sending DNS protocol traffic. + The default is 53. This option is mainly intended for server + testing; + a server using a port other than 53 will not be able to + communicate with + the global DNS. +

+
random-device
+

+ The source of entropy to be used by the server. Entropy is + primarily needed + for DNSSEC operations, such as TKEY transactions and dynamic + update of signed + zones. This options specifies the device (or file) from which + to read + entropy. If this is a file, operations requiring entropy will + fail when the + file has been exhausted. If not specified, the default value + is + /dev/random + (or equivalent) when present, and none otherwise. The + random-device option takes + effect during + the initial configuration load at server startup time and + is ignored on subsequent reloads. +

+
preferred-glue
+

+ If specified the listed type (A or AAAA) will be emitted + before other glue + in the additional section of a query response. + The default is not to preference any type (NONE). +

+
root-delegation-only
+
+

+ Turn on enforcement of delegation-only in TLDs and root zones + with an optional + exclude list. +

+

+ Note some TLDs are NOT delegation only (e.g. "DE", "LV", "US" + and "MUSEUM"). +

+
+options {
 	root-delegation-only exclude { "de"; "lv"; "us"; "museum"; };
 };
-
disable-algorithms

Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the specified name. -Multiple disable-algorithms statements are allowed. -Only the most specific will be applied. -

dnssec-lookaside

When set dnssec-lookaside provides the -validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY records at the -top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or below a domain specified by the -deepest dnssec-lookaside, and the normal dnssec validation -has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor will be append to the key -name and a DLV record will be looked up to see if it can validate the -key. If the DLV record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the way a DS -record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted. -

dnssec-must-be-secure

Specify heirachies which must / may not be secure (signed and validated). -If yes then named will only accept answers if they -are secure. -If no then normal dnssec validation applies -allowing for insecure answers to be accepted. -The specified domain must be under a trusted-key or -dnssec-lookaside must be active. -

6.2.16.1. Boolean Options

auth-nxdomain

If yes, then the AA bit -is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is not actually -authoritative. The default is no; this is -a change from BIND 8. If you are using very old DNS software, you -may need to set it to yes.

deallocate-on-exit

This option was used in BIND 8 to enable checking -for memory leaks on exit. BIND 9 ignores the option and always performs -the checks.

dialup

If yes, then the -server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers across -a dial on demand dialup link, which can be brought up by traffic -originating from this server. This has different effects according -to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that it all -happens in a short interval, once every heartbeat-interval and -hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of the normal -zone maintenance traffic. The default is no.

The dialup option -may also be specified in the view and -zone statements, -in which case it overrides the global dialup -option.

If the zone is a master zone then the server will send out a NOTIFY -request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the zone serial -number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY) allowing the slave -to verify the zone while the connection is active. -The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled by -notify and also-notify.

If the -zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress the regular -"zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them when the -heartbeat-interval expires in addition to sending -NOTIFY requests.

Finer control can be achieved by using -notify which only sends NOTIFY messages, -notify-passive which sends NOTIFY messages and -suppresses the normal refresh queries, refresh -which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh queries -when the heartbeat-interval expires, and -passive which just disables normal refresh -processing.

dialup mode

normal refresh

heart-beat refresh

heart-beat notify

no (default)

yes

no

no

yes

no

yes

yes

notify

yes

no

yes

refresh

no

yes

no

passive

no

no

no

notify-passive

no

no

yes

Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by -dialup.

fake-iquery

In BIND 8, this option -enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type -IQUERY. BIND 9 never does IQUERY simulation. -

fetch-glue

This option is obsolete. -In BIND 8, fetch-glue yes -caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records it -didn't have when constructing the additional -data section of a response. This is now considered a bad idea -and BIND 9 never does it.

flush-zones-on-shutdown

When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM, -flush / do not flush any pending zone writes. The default is -flush-zones-on-shutdown no. -

has-old-clients

This option was incorrectly implemented -in BIND 8, and is ignored by BIND 9. -To achieve the intended effect -of -has-old-clients yes, specify -the two separate options auth-nxdomain yes -and rfc2308-type1 no instead. -

host-statistics

In BIND 8, this enables keeping of -statistics for every host that the name server interacts with. -Not implemented in BIND 9. -

maintain-ixfr-base

This option is obsolete. - It was used in BIND 8 to determine whether a transaction log was -kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. BIND 9 maintains a transaction -log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing incremental zone -transfers, use provide-ixfr no. -

minimal-responses

If yes, then when generating -responses the server will only add records to the authority and -additional data sections when they are required (e.g. delegations, -negative responses). This may improve the performance of the server. -The default is no. -

multiple-cnames

This option was used in BIND 8 to allow -a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of the -DNS standards. BIND 9.2 always strictly -enforces the CNAME rules both in master files and dynamic updates. -

notify

If yes (the default), -DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is authoritative for -changes, see Section 4.1. The messages are sent to the -servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master server identified -in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the -also-notify option. -

If master-only, notifies are only sent -for master zones. -If explicit, notifies are sent only to -servers explicitly listed using also-notify. -If no, no notifies are sent. -

The notify option may also be -specified in the zone statement, -in which case it overrides the options notify statement. -It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it caused slaves -to crash.

recursion

If yes, and a -DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt to do -all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is off -and the server does not already know the answer, it will return a -referral response. The default is yes. -Note that setting recursion no does not prevent -clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only -prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client queries. -Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal -operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups. -See also fetch-glue above. -

rfc2308-type1

Setting this to yes will -cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA record for negative -answers. The default is no.

Note: Not yet implemented in BIND 9.

use-id-pool

This option is obsolete. -BIND 9 always allocates query IDs from a pool. -

zone-statistics

If yes, the server will collect -statistical data on all zones (unless specifically turned off -on a per-zone basis by specifying zone-statistics no -in the zone statement). These statistics may be accessed -using rndc stats, which will dump them to the file listed -in the statistics-file. See also Section 6.2.16.17. -

use-ixfr

This option is obsolete. -If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or servers see -the information on the provide-ixfr option -in Section 6.2.18. See also -Section 4.3. -

provide-ixfr

See the description of -provide-ixfr in -Section 6.2.18 -

request-ixfr

See the description of -request-ixfr in -Section 6.2.18 -

treat-cr-as-space

This option was used in BIND 8 to make -the server treat carriage return ("\r") characters the same way -as a space or tab character, -to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that were generated -on an NT or DOS machine. In BIND 9, both UNIX "\n" -and NT/DOS "\r\n" newlines are always accepted, -and the option is ignored.

additional-from-auth, additional-from-cache

These options control the behavior of an authoritative server when -answering queries which have additional data, or when following CNAME -and DNAME chains. -

When both of these options are set to yes -(the default) and a -query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone -configured into the server), the additional data section of the -reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative zones -and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable, such -as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache, or -in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by -untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding -the search for this additional data will speed up server operations -at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve what would -otherwise be provided in the additional section. -

For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host foo.example.com, -and the record found is "MX 10 mail.example.net", normally the address -records (A and AAAA) for mail.example.net will be provided as well, -if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone. -Setting these options to no disables this behavior and makes -the server only search for additional data in the zone it answers from. -

These options are intended for use in authoritative-only -servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set -them to no without also specifying -recursion no will cause the server to -ignore the options and log a warning message. -

Specifying additional-from-cache no actually -disables the use of the cache not only for additional data lookups -but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the desired -behavior in an authoritative-only server where the correctness of -the cached data is an issue. -

When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name that is not -below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with an -"upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of some other -known parent of the query name. Since the data in an upwards referral -comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide upwards -referrals when additional-from-cache no -has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such queries -with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since -upwards referrals are not required for the resolution process. -

match-mapped-addresses

If yes, then an -IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match -list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address. -Enabling this option is sometimes useful on IPv6-enabled Linux -systems, to work around a kernel quirk that causes IPv4 -TCP connections such as zone transfers to be accepted -on an IPv6 socket using mapped addresses, causing -address match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. -The use of this option for any other purpose is discouraged. -

ixfr-from-differences

When 'yes' and the server loads a new version of a master -zone from its zone file or receives a new version of a slave -file by a non-incremental zone transfer, it will compare -the new version to the previous one and calculate a set -of differences. The differences are then logged in the -zone's journal file such that the changes can be transmitted -to downstream slaves as an incremental zone transfer. -

By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for -non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the -expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the master. -In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely -different from the previous one, the set of differences -will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the -old and new zone version, and the server will need to -temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete -difference set. -

ixfr-from-differences also accepts master -and slave at the view and options levels which causes -ixfr-from-differences to apply to all master -or slave zones respectively. -

multi-master

This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone and the -addresses refer to different machines. If 'yes' named will not log -when the serial number on the master is less than what named currently -has. The default is no. -

dnssec-enable

Enable DNSSEC support in named. Unless set to yes -named behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC. -The default is no. -

querylog

Specify whether query logging should be started when named start. -If querylog is not specified then the query logging -is determined by the presence of the logging category queries. -

check-names

This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax of -certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses received -from the network. The default varies according to usage area. For -master zones the default is fail. -For slave zones the default is warn. -For answer received from the network (response) -the default is ignore. -

The rules for legal hostnames / mail domains are derived from RFC 952 -and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123. -

check-names applies to the owner names of A, AAA and -MX records. It also applies to the domain names in the RDATA of NS, SOA and MX -records. It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where the owner name -indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname (the owner name ends in -IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, IP6.INT). -

check-wildcard

This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards. -The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a result of a failure -to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034). This option -affects master zones. The default (yes) is to check -for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning. -

6.2.16.2. Forwarding

The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide -cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external -name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that -do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up exterior -names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which -the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in -its cache.

forward

This option is only meaningful if the -forwarders list is not empty. A value of first, -the default, causes the server to query the forwarders first, and -if that doesn't answer the question the server will then look for -the answer itself. If only is specified, the -server will only query the forwarders. -

forwarders

Specifies the IP addresses to be used -for forwarding. The default is the empty list (no forwarding). -

Forwarding can also be configured on a per-domain basis, allowing -for the global forwarding options to be overridden in a variety -of ways. You can set particular domains to use different forwarders, -or have a different forward only/first behavior, -or not forward at all, see Section 6.2.23.

6.2.16.3. Dual-stack Servers

Dual-stack servers are used as servers of last resort to work around -problems in reachability due the lack of support for either IPv4 or IPv6 -on the host machine.

dual-stack-servers

Specifies host names / addresses of machines with access to -both IPv4 and IPv6 transports. If a hostname is used the server must be able -to resolve the name using only the transport it has. If the machine is dual -stacked then the dual-stack-servers have no effect unless -access to a transport has been disabled on the command line -(e.g. named -4).

6.2.16.4. Access Control

Access to the server can be restricted based on the IP address -of the requesting system. See Section 6.1.1 for -details on how to specify IP address lists.

allow-notify

Specifies which hosts are allowed to -notify this server, a slave, of zone changes in addition -to the zone masters. -allow-notify may also be specified in the -zone statement, in which case it overrides the -options allow-notify statement. It is only meaningful -for a slave zone. If not specified, the default is to process notify messages -only from a zone's master.

allow-query

Specifies which hosts are allowed to -ask ordinary DNS questions. allow-query may also -be specified in the zone statement, in which -case it overrides the options allow-query statement. -allow-query-cache may also be specified and will -overrides access to the cache. -If not specified, the default is to allow queries from all hosts.

allow-query-cache

Specifies which hosts are allowed to get answers -from the cache. If not set allow-query applies. -

The recommended way to set query access to the cache is now via -allow-query-cache rather than allow-query. -Inheritance from allow-query has been retained for -backwards compatability. -

Note: If allow-query-cache is set at the options -level and not set in the view it will still override a -allow-query set at the view level. -

allow-recursion

Specifies which hosts are allowed to -make recursive queries through this server. If not specified, the -default is to allow recursive queries from all hosts. -Note that disallowing recursive queries for a host does not prevent the -host from retrieving data that is already in the server's cache. -

allow-update

Specifies which hosts are allowed to -submit Dynamic DNS updates for master zones. The default is to deny -updates from all hosts. Note that allowing updates based -on the requestor's IP address is insecure; see -Section 7.3 for details. -

allow-update-forwarding

Specifies which hosts are allowed to -submit Dynamic DNS updates to slave zones to be forwarded to the -master. The default is { none; }, which -means that no update forwarding will be performed. To enable -update forwarding, specify -allow-update-forwarding { any; };. -Specifying values other than { none; } or -{ any; } is usually counterproductive, since -the responsibility for update access control should rest with the -master server, not the slaves.

Note that enabling the update forwarding feature on a slave server -may expose master servers relying on insecure IP address based -access control to attacks; see Section 7.3 -for more details.

allow-v6-synthesis

This option was introduced for the smooth transition from AAAA -to A6 and from "nibble labels" to binary labels. -However, since both A6 and binary labels were then deprecated, -this option was also deprecated. -It is now ignored with some warning messages. -

allow-transfer

Specifies which hosts are allowed to -receive zone transfers from the server. allow-transfer may -also be specified in the zone statement, in which -case it overrides the options allow-transfer statement. -If not specified, the default is to allow transfers to all hosts.

blackhole

Specifies a list of addresses that the -server will not accept queries from or use to resolve a query. Queries -from these addresses will not be responded to. The default is none.

6.2.16.5. Interfaces

The interfaces and ports that the server will answer queries -from may be specified using the listen-on option. listen-on takes -an optional port, and an address_match_list. -The server will listen on all interfaces allowed by the address -match list. If a port is not specified, port 53 will be used.

Multiple listen-on statements are allowed. -For example,

listen-on { 5.6.7.8; };
+
+ +
disable-algorithms
+

+ Disable the specified DNSSEC algorithms at and below the + specified name. + Multiple disable-algorithms + statements are allowed. + Only the most specific will be applied. +

+
dnssec-lookaside
+

+ When set dnssec-lookaside + provides the + validator with an alternate method to validate DNSKEY records + at the + top of a zone. When a DNSKEY is at or below a domain + specified by the + deepest dnssec-lookaside, and + the normal dnssec validation + has left the key untrusted, the trust-anchor will be append to + the key + name and a DLV record will be looked up to see if it can + validate the + key. If the DLV record validates a DNSKEY (similarly to the + way a DS + record does) the DNSKEY RRset is deemed to be trusted. +

+
dnssec-must-be-secure
+

+ Specify heirachies which must / may not be secure (signed and + validated). + If yes then named will only accept + answers if they + are secure. + If no then normal dnssec validation + applies + allowing for insecure answers to be accepted. + The specified domain must be under a trusted-key or + dnssec-lookaside must be + active. +

+
+
+

+Boolean Options

+
+
auth-nxdomain
+

+ If yes, then the AA bit + is always set on NXDOMAIN responses, even if the server is + not actually + authoritative. The default is no; + this is + a change from BIND 8. If you + are using very old DNS software, you + may need to set it to yes. +

+
deallocate-on-exit
+

+ This option was used in BIND + 8 to enable checking + for memory leaks on exit. BIND 9 ignores the option and always performs + the checks. +

+
dialup
+
+

+ If yes, then the + server treats all zones as if they are doing zone transfers + across + a dial on demand dialup link, which can be brought up by + traffic + originating from this server. This has different effects + according + to zone type and concentrates the zone maintenance so that + it all + happens in a short interval, once every heartbeat-interval and + hopefully during the one call. It also suppresses some of + the normal + zone maintenance traffic. The default is no. +

+

+ The dialup option + may also be specified in the view and + zone statements, + in which case it overrides the global dialup + option. +

+

+ If the zone is a master zone then the server will send out a + NOTIFY + request to all the slaves (default). This should trigger the + zone serial + number check in the slave (providing it supports NOTIFY) + allowing the slave + to verify the zone while the connection is active. + The set of servers to which NOTIFY is sent can be controlled + by + notify and also-notify. +

+

+ If the + zone is a slave or stub zone, then the server will suppress + the regular + "zone up to date" (refresh) queries and only perform them + when the + heartbeat-interval expires in + addition to sending + NOTIFY requests. +

+

+ Finer control can be achieved by using + notify which only sends NOTIFY + messages, + notify-passive which sends NOTIFY + messages and + suppresses the normal refresh queries, refresh + which suppresses normal refresh processing and sends refresh + queries + when the heartbeat-interval + expires, and + passive which just disables normal + refresh + processing. +

+
++++++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

+ dialup mode +

+ 		+

+ normal refresh +

+ 		+

+ heart-beat refresh +

+ 		+

+ heart-beat notify +

+
+

no (default)

+ 		+

+ yes +

+ 		+

+ no +

+ 		+

+ no +

+
+

yes

+ 		+

+ no +

+ 		+

+ yes +

+ 		+

+ yes +

+
+

notify

+ 		+

+ yes +

+ 		+

+ no +

+ 		+

+ yes +

+
+

refresh

+ 		+

+ no +

+ 		+

+ yes +

+ 		+

+ no +

+
+

passive

+ 		+

+ no +

+ 		+

+ no +

+ 		+

+ no +

+
+

notify-passive

+ 		+

+ no +

+ 		+

+ no +

+ 		+

+ yes +

+
+

+ Note that normal NOTIFY processing is not affected by + dialup. +

+
+
fake-iquery
+

+ In BIND 8, this option + enabled simulating the obsolete DNS query type + IQUERY. BIND 9 never does + IQUERY simulation. +

+
fetch-glue
+

+ This option is obsolete. + In BIND 8, fetch-glue yes + caused the server to attempt to fetch glue resource records + it + didn't have when constructing the additional + data section of a response. This is now considered a bad + idea + and BIND 9 never does it. +

+
flush-zones-on-shutdown
+

+ When the nameserver exits due receiving SIGTERM, + flush / do not flush any pending zone writes. The default + is + flush-zones-on-shutdown no. +

+
has-old-clients
+

+ This option was incorrectly implemented + in BIND 8, and is ignored by BIND 9. + To achieve the intended effect + of + has-old-clients yes, specify + the two separate options auth-nxdomain yes + and rfc2308-type1 no instead. +

+
host-statistics
+

+ In BIND 8, this enables keeping of + statistics for every host that the name server interacts + with. + Not implemented in BIND 9. +

+
maintain-ixfr-base
+

+ This option is obsolete. + It was used in BIND 8 to + determine whether a transaction log was + kept for Incremental Zone Transfer. BIND 9 maintains a transaction + log whenever possible. If you need to disable outgoing + incremental zone + transfers, use provide-ixfr no. +

+
minimal-responses
+

+ If yes, then when generating + responses the server will only add records to the authority + and + additional data sections when they are required (e.g. + delegations, + negative responses). This may improve the performance of + the server. + The default is no. +

+
multiple-cnames
+

+ This option was used in BIND + 8 to allow + a domain name to have multiple CNAME records in violation of + the + DNS standards. BIND 9.2 + always strictly + enforces the CNAME rules both in master files and dynamic + updates. +

+
notify
+
+

+ If yes (the default), + DNS NOTIFY messages are sent when a zone the server is + authoritative for + changes, see the section called “Notify”. The messages are + sent to the + servers listed in the zone's NS records (except the master + server identified + in the SOA MNAME field), and to any servers listed in the + also-notify option. +

+

+ If master-only, notifies are only + sent + for master zones. + If explicit, notifies are sent only + to + servers explicitly listed using also-notify. + If no, no notifies are sent. +

+

+ The notify option may also be + specified in the zone + statement, + in which case it overrides the options notify statement. + It would only be necessary to turn off this option if it + caused slaves + to crash. +

+
+
recursion
+

+ If yes, and a + DNS query requests recursion, then the server will attempt + to do + all the work required to answer the query. If recursion is + off + and the server does not already know the answer, it will + return a + referral response. The default is + yes. + Note that setting recursion no does not prevent + clients from getting data from the server's cache; it only + prevents new data from being cached as an effect of client + queries. + Caching may still occur as an effect the server's internal + operation, such as NOTIFY address lookups. + See also fetch-glue above. +

+
rfc2308-type1
+
+

+ Setting this to yes will + cause the server to send NS records along with the SOA + record for negative + answers. The default is no. +

+
+

Note

+

+ Not yet implemented in BIND + 9. +

+
+
+
use-id-pool
+

+ This option is obsolete. + BIND 9 always allocates query + IDs from a pool. +

+
zone-statistics
+

+ If yes, the server will collect + statistical data on all zones (unless specifically turned + off + on a per-zone basis by specifying zone-statistics no + in the zone statement). + These statistics may be accessed + using rndc stats, which will + dump them to the file listed + in the statistics-file. See + also the section called “The Statistics File”. +

+
use-ixfr
+

+ This option is obsolete. + If you need to disable IXFR to a particular server or + servers see + the information on the provide-ixfr option + in the section called “server Statement Definition and + Usage”. + See also + the section called “Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)”. +

+
provide-ixfr
+

+ See the description of + provide-ixfr in + the section called “server Statement Definition and + Usage” +

+
request-ixfr
+

+ See the description of + request-ixfr in + the section called “server Statement Definition and + Usage” +

+
treat-cr-as-space
+

+ This option was used in BIND + 8 to make + the server treat carriage return ("\r") characters the same way + as a space or tab character, + to facilitate loading of zone files on a UNIX system that + were generated + on an NT or DOS machine. In BIND 9, both UNIX "\n" + and NT/DOS "\r\n" newlines + are always accepted, + and the option is ignored. +

+
+additional-from-auth, additional-from-cache +
+
+

+ These options control the behavior of an authoritative + server when + answering queries which have additional data, or when + following CNAME + and DNAME chains. +

+

+ When both of these options are set to yes + (the default) and a + query is being answered from authoritative data (a zone + configured into the server), the additional data section of + the + reply will be filled in using data from other authoritative + zones + and from the cache. In some situations this is undesirable, + such + as when there is concern over the correctness of the cache, + or + in servers where slave zones may be added and modified by + untrusted third parties. Also, avoiding + the search for this additional data will speed up server + operations + at the possible expense of additional queries to resolve + what would + otherwise be provided in the additional section. +

+

+ For example, if a query asks for an MX record for host foo.example.com, + and the record found is "MX 10 mail.example.net", normally the address + records (A and AAAA) for mail.example.net will be provided as well, + if known, even though they are not in the example.com zone. + Setting these options to no + disables this behavior and makes + the server only search for additional data in the zone it + answers from. +

+

+ These options are intended for use in authoritative-only + servers, or in authoritative-only views. Attempts to set + them to no without also + specifying + recursion no will cause the + server to + ignore the options and log a warning message. +

+

+ Specifying additional-from-cache no actually + disables the use of the cache not only for additional data + lookups + but also when looking up the answer. This is usually the + desired + behavior in an authoritative-only server where the + correctness of + the cached data is an issue. +

+

+ When a name server is non-recursively queried for a name + that is not + below the apex of any served zone, it normally answers with + an + "upwards referral" to the root servers or the servers of + some other + known parent of the query name. Since the data in an + upwards referral + comes from the cache, the server will not be able to provide + upwards + referrals when additional-from-cache no + has been specified. Instead, it will respond to such + queries + with REFUSED. This should not cause any problems since + upwards referrals are not required for the resolution + process. +

+
+
match-mapped-addresses
+

+ If yes, then an + IPv4-mapped IPv6 address will match any address match + list entries that match the corresponding IPv4 address. + Enabling this option is sometimes useful on IPv6-enabled + Linux + systems, to work around a kernel quirk that causes IPv4 + TCP connections such as zone transfers to be accepted + on an IPv6 socket using mapped addresses, causing + address match lists designed for IPv4 to fail to match. + The use of this option for any other purpose is discouraged. +

+
ixfr-from-differences
+
+

+ When 'yes' and the server loads a new version of a master + zone from its zone file or receives a new version of a slave + file by a non-incremental zone transfer, it will compare + the new version to the previous one and calculate a set + of differences. The differences are then logged in the + zone's journal file such that the changes can be transmitted + to downstream slaves as an incremental zone transfer. +

+

+ By allowing incremental zone transfers to be used for + non-dynamic zones, this option saves bandwidth at the + expense of increased CPU and memory consumption at the + master. + In particular, if the new version of a zone is completely + different from the previous one, the set of differences + will be of a size comparable to the combined size of the + old and new zone version, and the server will need to + temporarily allocate memory to hold this complete + difference set. +

+

ixfr-from-differences + also accepts master and + slave at the view and options + levels which causes + ixfr-from-differences to apply to + all master or + slave zones respectively. +

+
+
multi-master
+

+ This should be set when you have multiple masters for a zone + and the + addresses refer to different machines. If 'yes' named will + not log + when the serial number on the master is less than what named + currently + has. The default is no. +

+
dnssec-enable
+

+ Enable DNSSEC support in named. Unless set to yes + named behaves as if it does not support DNSSEC. + The default is no. +

+
querylog
+

+ Specify whether query logging should be started when named + start. + If querylog is not specified + then the query logging + is determined by the presence of the logging category queries. +

+
check-names
+
+

+ This option is used to restrict the character set and syntax + of + certain domain names in master files and/or DNS responses + received + from the network. The default varies according to usage + area. For + master zones the default is fail. + For slave zones the default + is warn. + For answer received from the network (response) + the default is ignore. +

+

+ The rules for legal hostnames / mail domains are derived + from RFC 952 + and RFC 821 as modified by RFC 1123. +

+

check-names + applies to the owner names of A, AAA and + MX records. It also applies to the domain names in the + RDATA of NS, SOA and MX + records. It also applies to the RDATA of PTR records where + the owner name + indicated that it is a reverse lookup of a hostname (the + owner name ends in + IN-ADDR.ARPA, IP6.ARPA, IP6.INT). +

+
+
check-wildcard
+

+ This option is used to check for non-terminal wildcards. + The use of non-terminal wildcards is almost always as a + result of a failure + to understand the wildcard matching algorithm (RFC 1034). + This option + affects master zones. The default (yes) is to check + for non-terminal wildcards and issue a warning. +

+
+
+
+

+Forwarding

+

+ The forwarding facility can be used to create a large site-wide + cache on a few servers, reducing traffic over links to external + name servers. It can also be used to allow queries by servers that + do not have direct access to the Internet, but wish to look up + exterior + names anyway. Forwarding occurs only on those queries for which + the server is not authoritative and does not have the answer in + its cache. +

+
+
forward
+

+ This option is only meaningful if the + forwarders list is not empty. A value of first, + the default, causes the server to query the forwarders + first, and + if that doesn't answer the question the server will then + look for + the answer itself. If only is + specified, the +