Merge branch 'master' of ssh://bind10.isc.org/var/bind10/git/bind10

configure.ac

@@ -682,6 +682,7 @@ AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile
                  src/lib/dns/tests/testdata/Makefile
                  src/lib/dns/python/Makefile
                  src/lib/dns/python/tests/Makefile
+                 src/lib/dns/benchmarks/Makefile
                  src/lib/exceptions/Makefile
                  src/lib/exceptions/tests/Makefile
                  src/lib/datasrc/Makefile

src/bin/xfrin/tests/Makefile.am

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ EXTRA_DIST = $(PYTESTS)
 # required by loadable python modules.
 LIBRARY_PATH_PLACEHOLDER =
 if SET_ENV_LIBRARY_PATH
-LIBRARY_PATH_PLACEHOLDER += $(ENV_LIBRARY_PATH)=$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/dns/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/exceptions/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/xfr/.libs:$$$(ENV_LIBRARY_PATH)
+LIBRARY_PATH_PLACEHOLDER += $(ENV_LIBRARY_PATH)=$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/dns/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/util/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/exceptions/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/xfr/.libs:$$$(ENV_LIBRARY_PATH)
 endif
 
 # test using command-line arguments, so use check-local target instead of TESTS

src/bin/xfrout/tests/Makefile.am

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ EXTRA_DIST = $(PYTESTS)
 # required by loadable python modules.
 LIBRARY_PATH_PLACEHOLDER =
 if SET_ENV_LIBRARY_PATH
-LIBRARY_PATH_PLACEHOLDER += $(ENV_LIBRARY_PATH)=$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/dns/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/exceptions/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/util/io/.libs:$$$(ENV_LIBRARY_PATH)
+LIBRARY_PATH_PLACEHOLDER += $(ENV_LIBRARY_PATH)=$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/dns/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/util/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/exceptions/.libs:$(abs_top_builddir)/src/lib/util/io/.libs:$$$(ENV_LIBRARY_PATH)
 endif
 
 # test using command-line arguments, so use check-local target instead of TESTS

src/cppcheck-suppress.lst

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 debug
 missingInclude
 // This is a template, and should be excluded from the check
-unreadVariable:src/lib/dns/rdata/template.cc:59
+unreadVariable:src/lib/dns/rdata/template.cc:60
 // These three trigger warnings due to the incomplete implementation.  This is
 // our problem, but we need to suppress the warnings for now.
 functionConst:src/lib/cache/resolver_cache.h
 functionConst:src/lib/cache/message_cache.h
 functionConst:src/lib/cache/rrset_cache.h
 // Intentional self assignment tests.  Suppress warning about them.
-selfAssignment:src/lib/dns/tests/name_unittest.cc:292
-selfAssignment:src/lib/dns/tests/rdata_unittest.cc:227
+selfAssignment:src/lib/dns/tests/name_unittest.cc:293
+selfAssignment:src/lib/dns/tests/rdata_unittest.cc:228
 selfAssignment:src/lib/dns/tests/tsigkey_unittest.cc:104

src/lib/dns/Makefile.am

-SUBDIRS = . tests python
+SUBDIRS = . tests python benchmarks
 
 AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src/lib -I$(top_builddir)/src/lib
 AM_CPPFLAGS += -I$(top_srcdir)/src/lib/dns -I$(top_builddir)/src/lib/dns
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ libdns___la_SOURCES += name.h name.cc
 libdns___la_SOURCES += opcode.h opcode.cc
 libdns___la_SOURCES += rcode.h rcode.cc
 libdns___la_SOURCES += rdata.h rdata.cc
+libdns___la_SOURCES += rdatafields.h rdatafields.cc
 libdns___la_SOURCES += rrclass.cc
 libdns___la_SOURCES += rrparamregistry.h
 libdns___la_SOURCES += rrset.h rrset.cc

src/lib/dns/benchmarks/Makefile.am

+AM_CPPFLAGS = -I$(top_srcdir)/src/lib -I$(top_builddir)/src/lib
+AM_CPPFLAGS += $(BOOST_INCLUDES)
+
+AM_CXXFLAGS = $(B10_CXXFLAGS)
+
+if USE_STATIC_LINK
+AM_LDFLAGS = -static
+endif
+
+CLEANFILES = *.gcno *.gcda
+
+noinst_PROGRAMS = rdatarender_bench
+rdatarender_bench_SOURCES = rdatarender_bench.cc
+
+rdatarender_bench_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/src/lib/dns/libdns++.la
+rdatarender_bench_LDADD += $(top_builddir)/src/lib/exceptions/libexceptions.la
+rdatarender_bench_LDADD += $(SQLITE_LIBS)

src/lib/dns/benchmarks/README

+- rdatarender_bench
+
+  This is a benchmark for RDATA rendering performance comparing the basic
+  Rdata objects and RdataField objects.  It takes a command line argument
+  that specifies an input data file.  Each line of the data file should
+  specify a single RDATA with its RR class and type, e.g.
+  IN A 192.0.2.1
+  IN NS ns.example.com.
+  Lines beginning with '#' and empty lines will be ignored.  Sample input
+  files can be found in benchmarkdata/rdatarender_*.

src/lib/dns/benchmarks/benchmarkdata/rdatarender_data_com

+# This is sample input data for rdatarender_bench.
+# These are RDATA in the authority and additional sections in a response from
+# a root server for a query domain under COM.
+
+IN	NS	g.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	a.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	k.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	c.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	d.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	m.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	h.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	b.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	j.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	l.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	e.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	f.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	NS	i.gtld-servers.net.
+IN	A	192.5.6.30
+IN	A	192.33.14.30
+IN	A	192.26.92.30
+IN	A	192.31.80.30
+IN	A	192.12.94.30
+IN	A	192.35.51.30
+IN	A	192.42.93.30
+IN	A	192.54.112.30
+IN	A	192.43.172.30
+IN	A	192.48.79.30
+IN	A	192.52.178.30
+IN	A	192.41.162.30
+IN	A	192.55.83.30
+IN	AAAA	2001:503:a83e::2:30
+IN	AAAA	2001:503:231d::2:30

src/lib/dns/benchmarks/benchmarkdata/rdatarender_data_nxdomain

+# This is sample input data for rdatarender_bench.
+# These are RDATA in the authority section in a response from
+# a root server for a non existent query domain (with DNSSEC).
+
+IN	SOA	a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2010110301 1800 900 604800 86400
+IN	RRSIG	SOA 8 0 86400 20101110000000 20101102230000 40288 . WtvYyX2nIsaqjWqkIG1WHFE5PnJ6eno0KqF6azU/MFJ/t1JpKWQ1P4rA 61rnoq0p252fg7wT4XzEz9UDxmpB5pvF2VApe2w9LvSWxsWIIOg8ue5u e9NAAYdzjd0rsYObQQ6msf7WchyAUbnmrqKvf8/CK6+s1xFihXp5DpYL 6K0=
+IN	NSEC	ac. NS SOA RRSIG NSEC DNSKEY
+IN	RRSIG	NSEC 8 0 86400 20101110000000 20101102230000 40288 . rWfgg4YUDFAjhiUOT+niJy/qbaIbydqoXg5oB/5j//ZjNFy4hqU8DvdM xJr9UybQpEvu7pvmKQ0jRYO98Fw/UTlY5KiKbhVBJ1t8AE93cbU+s5gX d3Q6+wRcFX5MjZyIe+f30llKrYOZHjRyEFALCkLt4XEmr0xsua+ztAFY 65k=
+IN	NSEC	np. NS RRSIG NSEC
+IN	RRSIG	NSEC 8 1 86400 20101110000000 20101102230000 40288 . G32LGynsGA2fyDnesyeCtBCoM3ERMgGS4touDUuoBYW1NrZub76kz5fc z93p8VZfoYWAW7LuC8vJ1jl2sUgBNns4zN4RsfFeopcYjjFnGbGuoZnO NmTU+NKO53Ub7uIcCSeqV+COAaL8XqDfyk1FmVdQvtrBaOW/PWpRahVq 7E8=

src/lib/dns/benchmarks/benchmarkdata/rdatarender_data_org

+# This is sample input data for rdatarender_bench.
+# These are RDATA in the authority and additional sections in a response from
+# a root server for a query domain under ORG.
+
+IN	NS	b0.org.afilias-nst.org.
+IN	NS	a2.org.afilias-nst.info.
+IN	NS	a0.org.afilias-nst.info.
+IN	NS	c0.org.afilias-nst.info.
+IN	NS	d0.org.afilias-nst.org.
+IN	NS	b2.org.afilias-nst.org.
+IN	A	199.19.56.1
+IN	A	199.249.112.1
+IN	A	199.19.54.1
+IN	A	199.249.120.1
+IN	A	199.19.53.1
+IN	A	199.19.57.1
+IN	AAAA	2001:500:e::1
+IN	AAAA	2001:500:40::1
+IN	AAAA	2001:500:c::1
+IN	AAAA	2001:500:48::1
+IN	AAAA	2001:500:b::1
+IN	AAAA	2001:500:f::1

src/lib/dns/benchmarks/rdatarender_bench.cc

+// Copyright (C) 2010  Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+// REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+// AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+// INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+// LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
+// OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+// PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
+
+#include <bench/benchmark.h>
+
+#include <util/buffer.h>
+#include <dns/messagerenderer.h>
+#include <dns/rdata.h>
+#include <dns/rdatafields.h>
+#include <dns/rrclass.h>
+#include <dns/rrtype.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace isc::bench;
+using namespace isc::dns;
+using namespace isc::dns::rdata;
+using isc::util::OutputBuffer;
+
+namespace {
+// This templated benchmark class is constructed with a vector of Rdata-like
+// (pointer) objects which should have a "toWire()" method.  In its run(),
+// it calls toWire() for each element of the vector.
+template <typename T>
+class RdataRenderBenchMark {
+public:
+    RdataRenderBenchMark(const vector<T>& dataset) :
+        dataset_(dataset), buffer_(4096), renderer_(buffer_)
+    {}
+    unsigned int run() {
+        typename vector<T>::const_iterator data;
+        typename vector<T>::const_iterator data_end = dataset_.end();
+        for (data = dataset_.begin(); data != data_end; ++data) {
+            renderer_.clear();
+            (*data)->toWire(renderer_);
+        }
+        return (dataset_.size());
+    }
+private:
+    const vector<T>& dataset_;
+    OutputBuffer buffer_;
+    MessageRenderer renderer_;
+};
+
+// This supplemental class emulates an RRset like class that internally
+// uses RdataFields.  On construction it stores RDATA information in the
+// form of RdataFields fields.  Its toWire() method restores the data as
+// an RdataFields object for the rendering.
+class RdataFieldsStore {
+public:
+    RdataFieldsStore(ConstRdataPtr rdata) {
+        const RdataFields fields(*rdata);
+
+        spec_size_ = fields.getFieldSpecDataSize();
+        spec_store_.resize(spec_size_);
+        void* cp_spec = &spec_store_[0];
+        memcpy(cp_spec, fields.getFieldSpecData(), spec_store_.size());
+        spec_ptr_ = cp_spec;
+
+        data_length_ = fields.getDataLength();
+        data_store_.resize(data_length_);
+        void* cp_data = &data_store_[0];
+        memcpy(cp_data, fields.getData(), data_store_.size());
+        // Vector guarantees that the elements are stored in continuous array
+        // in memory, so this is actually correct by the standard
+        data_ptr_ = cp_data;
+    }
+    void toWire(MessageRenderer& renderer) const {
+        RdataFields(spec_ptr_, spec_size_,
+                    data_ptr_, data_length_).toWire(renderer);
+    }
+private:
+    vector<unsigned char> spec_store_;
+    vector<unsigned char> data_store_;
+    const void* spec_ptr_;
+    const void* data_ptr_;
+    unsigned int spec_size_;
+    size_t data_length_;
+};
+
+// We wouldn't necessarily have to use a shared pointer, but it's easier
+// to use pointer-like values to adjust them with the RdataRenderBenchMark
+// template.
+typedef boost::shared_ptr<const RdataFieldsStore> ConstRdataFieldsStorePtr;
+
+void
+readInputFile(const char* const input_file, vector<ConstRdataPtr>& rdata_sets,
+              vector<ConstRdataFieldsStorePtr>& fields_sets)
+{
+    ifstream ifs;
+    ifs.open(input_file, ios_base::in);
+    if ((ifs.rdstate() & istream::failbit) != 0) {
+        cerr << "Failed to read input file: " << input_file << endl;
+        exit (1);
+    }
+    string line;
+    unsigned int linenum = 0;
+    while (getline(ifs, line), !ifs.eof()) {
+        ++linenum;
+        if (ifs.bad() || ifs.fail()) {
+            cerr << "Unexpected input at line " << linenum << endl;
+            exit (1);
+        }
+        if (line.empty() || line[0] == '#') {
+            continue;           // skip comment and blank lines
+        }
+        istringstream iss(line);
+        string rrclass_string, rrtype_string;
+        stringbuf rdatabuf;
+        iss >> rrclass_string >> rrtype_string >> &rdatabuf;
+        if (iss.bad() || iss.fail()) {
+            cerr << "Unexpected input at line " << linenum << endl;
+            exit (1);
+        }
+        ConstRdataPtr rdata = createRdata(RRType(rrtype_string),
+                                          RRClass(rrclass_string),
+                                          rdatabuf.str());
+        rdata_sets.push_back(rdata);
+        fields_sets.push_back(ConstRdataFieldsStorePtr(
+                                  new RdataFieldsStore(rdata)));
+    }
+    ifs.close();
+}
+
+void
+usage() {
+    cerr << "Usage: rdatafields_bench [-n iterations] input_file" << endl;
+    exit (1);
+}
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    int ch;
+    int iteration = 10000;
+    while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "n:")) != -1) {
+        switch (ch) {
+        case 'n':
+            iteration = atoi(optarg);
+            break;
+        case '?':
+        default:
+            usage();
+        }
+    }
+    argc -= optind;
+    argv += optind;
+    if (argc < 1) {
+        usage();
+    }
+    const char* const input_file = argv[0];
+
+    vector<ConstRdataPtr> rdata_sets;
+    vector<ConstRdataFieldsStorePtr> fields_sets;
+
+    readInputFile(input_file, rdata_sets, fields_sets);
+
+    cout << "Parameters:" << endl;
+    cout << "  Iterations: " << iteration << endl;
+    cout << "  Input File: " << input_file << endl;
+
+    typedef RdataRenderBenchMark<ConstRdataPtr> RdataBenchMark;
+    cout << "Benchmark for rendering with standard Rdata" << endl;
+    BenchMark<RdataBenchMark>(iteration, RdataBenchMark(rdata_sets));
+
+    typedef RdataRenderBenchMark<ConstRdataFieldsStorePtr> FieldsBenchMark;
+    cout << "Benchmark for rendering with RdataFields" << endl;
+    BenchMark<FieldsBenchMark>(iteration, FieldsBenchMark(fields_sets));
+
+    return (0);
+}

src/lib/dns/gen-rdatacode.py.in

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class OutputBuffer;\n'''
         content += line
         if re.match('// BEGIN_COMMON_DECLARATIONS', line):
             content += '''
-class MessageRenderer;\n\n'''
+class AbstractMessageRenderer;\n\n'''
         if re.match('\s+// BEGIN_COMMON_MEMBERS$', line):
             content += '''
     explicit ''' + type_utxt + '''(const std::string& type_str);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class MessageRenderer;\n\n'''
     ''' + type_utxt + '''(const ''' + type_utxt + '''& other);
     virtual std::string toText() const;
     virtual void toWire(isc::util::OutputBuffer& buffer) const;
-    virtual void toWire(MessageRenderer& renderer) const;
+    virtual void toWire(AbstractMessageRenderer& renderer) const;
     virtual int compare(const Rdata& other) const;\n\n'''
     rdata_header.close()
     return content

src/lib/dns/messagerenderer.cc

@@ -152,12 +152,10 @@ struct MessageRenderer::MessageRendererImpl {
     ///
     /// \param buffer An \c OutputBuffer object to which wire format data is
     /// written.
-    MessageRendererImpl(OutputBuffer& buffer) :
-        buffer_(buffer), nbuffer_(Name::MAX_WIRE), msglength_limit_(512),
+    MessageRendererImpl() :
+        nbuffer_(Name::MAX_WIRE), msglength_limit_(512),
         truncated_(false), compress_mode_(MessageRenderer::CASE_INSENSITIVE)
     {}
-    /// The buffer that holds the entire DNS message.
-    OutputBuffer& buffer_;
     /// A local working buffer to convert each given name into wire format.
     /// This could be a local variable of the \c writeName() method, but
     /// we keep it in the class so that we can reuse it and avoid construction
@@ -176,26 +174,17 @@ struct MessageRenderer::MessageRendererImpl {
 };
 
 MessageRenderer::MessageRenderer(OutputBuffer& buffer) :
-    impl_(new MessageRendererImpl(buffer))
+    AbstractMessageRenderer(buffer),
+    impl_(new MessageRendererImpl)
 {}
 
 MessageRenderer::~MessageRenderer() {
     delete impl_;
 }
 
-void
-MessageRenderer::skip(const size_t len) {
-    impl_->buffer_.skip(len);
-}
-
-void
-MessageRenderer::trim(const size_t len) {
-    impl_->buffer_.trim(len);
-}
-
 void
 MessageRenderer::clear() {
-    impl_->buffer_.clear();
+    AbstractMessageRenderer::clear();
     impl_->nbuffer_.clear();
     impl_->nodeset_.clear();
     impl_->msglength_limit_ = 512;
@@ -203,41 +192,6 @@ MessageRenderer::clear() {
     impl_->compress_mode_ = CASE_INSENSITIVE;
 }
 
-void
-MessageRenderer::writeUint8(const uint8_t data) {
-    impl_->buffer_.writeUint8(data);
-}
-
-void
-MessageRenderer::writeUint16(const uint16_t data) {
-    impl_->buffer_.writeUint16(data);
-}
-
-void
-MessageRenderer::writeUint16At(const uint16_t data, const size_t pos) {
-    impl_->buffer_.writeUint16At(data, pos);
-}
-
-void
-MessageRenderer::writeUint32(const uint32_t data) {
-    impl_->buffer_.writeUint32(data);
-}
-
-void
-MessageRenderer::writeData(const void* const data, const size_t len) {
-    impl_->buffer_.writeData(data, len);
-}
-
-const void*
-MessageRenderer::getData() const {
-    return (impl_->buffer_.getData());
-}
-
-size_t
-MessageRenderer::getLength() const {
-    return (impl_->buffer_.getLength());
-}
-
 size_t
 MessageRenderer::getLengthLimit() const {
     return (impl_->msglength_limit_);
@@ -293,15 +247,15 @@ MessageRenderer::writeName(const Name& name, const bool compress) {
     }
 
     // Record the current offset before extending the buffer.
-    const size_t offset = impl_->buffer_.getLength();
+    const size_t offset = getLength();
     // Write uncompress part...
-    impl_->buffer_.writeData(impl_->nbuffer_.getData(),
-                             compress ? i : impl_->nbuffer_.getLength());
+    writeData(impl_->nbuffer_.getData(),
+              compress ? i : impl_->nbuffer_.getLength());
     if (compress && n != notfound) {
         // ...and compression pointer if available.
         uint16_t pointer = (*n).pos_;
         pointer |= Name::COMPRESS_POINTER_MARK16;
-        impl_->buffer_.writeUint16(pointer);
+        writeUint16(pointer);
     }
 
     // Finally, add to the set the newly rendered name and its ancestors that
@@ -313,11 +267,17 @@ MessageRenderer::writeName(const Name& name, const bool compress) {
         if (offset + j > Name::MAX_COMPRESS_POINTER) {
             break;
         }
-        impl_->nodeset_.insert(NameCompressNode(*this, impl_->buffer_,
+        impl_->nodeset_.insert(NameCompressNode(*this, getBuffer(),
                                                 offset + j,
                                                 impl_->nbuffer_.getLength() -
                                                 j));
     }
 }
+
+void
+AbstractMessageRenderer::clear() {
+    buffer_.clear();
+}
+
 }
 }

src/lib/dns/messagerenderer.h

@@ -15,67 +15,64 @@
 #ifndef __MESSAGERENDERER_H
 #define __MESSAGERENDERER_H 1
 
+#include <util/buffer.h>
+
 namespace isc {
-namespace util {
-class OutputBuffer;
-}
 
 namespace dns {
 // forward declarations
 class Name;
 
+/// \brief The \c AbstractMessageRenderer class is an abstract base class
+/// that provides common interfaces for rendering a DNS message into a buffer
+/// in wire format.
 ///
-/// \brief The \c MessageRenderer class encapsulates implementation details
-/// of rendering a DNS message into a buffer in wire format.
+/// A specific derived class of \c AbstractMessageRenderer (we call it
+/// a renderer class hereafter) is simply responsible for name compression at
+/// least in the current design.  A renderer class object (conceptually)
+/// manages the positions of names rendered in some sort of buffer and uses
+/// that information to render subsequent names with compression.
 ///
-/// In effect, it's simply responsible for name compression at least in the
-/// current implementation.  A \c MessageRenderer class object manages the
-/// positions of names rendered in a buffer and uses that information to render
-/// subsequent names with compression.
-///
-/// This class is mainly intended to be used as a helper for a more
+/// A renderer class is mainly intended to be used as a helper for a more
 /// comprehensive \c Message class internally; normal applications won't have
-/// to care about this class.
-///
-/// A \c MessageRenderer class object is constructed with a \c OutputBuffer
-/// object, which is the buffer into which the rendered %data will be written.
-/// Normally the buffer is expected to be empty on construction, but it doesn't
-/// have to be so; the \c MessageRenderer object will start rendering from the
-/// end of the buffer at the time of construction.  However, if the
-/// pre-existing portion of the buffer contains DNS names, these names won't
-/// be considered for name compression.
+/// to care about details of this class.
 ///
-/// Once a \c MessageRenderer object is constructed with a buffer, it is
-/// generally expected that all rendering operations are performed via the
-/// \c MessageRenderer object.  If the application modifies the buffer in
-/// parallel with the \c MessageRenderer, the result will be undefined.
+/// Once a renderer class object is constructed with a buffer, it is
+/// generally expected that all rendering operations are performed via that
+/// object.  If the application modifies the buffer in
+/// parallel with the renderer, the result will be undefined.
 ///
 /// Note to developers: we introduced a separate class for name compression
 /// because previous benchmark with BIND9 showed compression affects overall
 /// response performance very much.  By having a separate class dedicated for
 /// this purpose, we'll be able to change the internal implementation of name
 /// compression in the future without affecting other part of the API and
-/// implementation.  For the same reason, we adopt the "pimpl" idiom in the
-/// class definition (i.e., using a pointer to a \c MessageRendererImpl class,
-/// which is defined with the class implementation, not in the header file):
-/// we may want to modify the compression implementation without modifying the
-/// header file thereby requesting rebuild the package.
+/// implementation.
 ///
-/// Furthermore, we may eventually want to allow other developers to develop
-/// and use their own compression implementation.  Should such a case become
-/// realistic, we may want to make the \c MessageRendererImpl class an abstract
-/// base class and let concrete derived classes have their own implementations.
-/// At the moment we don't the strong need for it, so we rather avoid over
-/// abstraction and keep the definition simpler.
-class MessageRenderer {
+/// In addition, by introducing a class hierarchy from
+/// \c AbstractMessageRenderer, we allow an application to use a customized
+/// renderer class for specific purposes.  For example, a high performance
+/// DNS server may want to use an optimized renderer class assuming some
+/// specific underlying data representation.
+///
+/// \note Some functions (like writeUint8) are not virtual. It is because
+///     it is hard to imagine any version of message renderer that would
+///     do anything else than just putting the data into a buffer, so we
+///     provide a default implementation and having them virtual would only
+///     hurt the performance with no real gain. If it would happen a different
+///     implementation is really needed, we can make them virtual in future.
+///     The only one that is virtual is writeName and it's because this
+///     function is much more complicated, therefore there's a lot of space
+///     for different implementations or behaviours.
+class AbstractMessageRenderer {
 public:
     /// \brief Compression mode constants.
     ///
     /// The \c CompressMode enum type represents the name compression mode
-    /// for the \c MessageRenderer.
+    /// for renderer classes.
     /// \c CASE_INSENSITIVE means compress names in case-insensitive manner;
     /// \c CASE_SENSITIVE means compress names in case-sensitive manner.
-    /// By default, \c MessageRenderer compresses names in case-insensitive
+    /// By default, a renderer compresses names in case-insensitive
     /// manner.
     /// Compression mode can be dynamically modified by the
     /// \c setCompressMode() method.
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ public:
     /// is not an intended usage.  In this case the names already compressed
     /// are intact; only names being compressed after the mode change are
     /// affected by the change.
-    /// If the internal \c MessageRenderer is reinitialized by the \c clear()
+    /// If a renderer class object is reinitialized by the \c clear()
     /// method, the compression mode will be reset to the default, which is
     /// \c CASE_INSENSITIVE
     ///
@@ -96,25 +93,39 @@ public:
         CASE_INSENSITIVE,  //!< Compress names case-insensitive manner (default)
         CASE_SENSITIVE     //!< Compress names case-sensitive manner
     };
-public:
+protected:
     ///
     /// \name Constructors and Destructor
     //@{
-    /// \brief Constructor from an output buffer.
-    ///
-    /// \param buffer An \c OutputBuffer object to which wire format data is
-    /// written.
-    MessageRenderer(isc::util